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Sistemas Electorales

Rusia

ES001

Jefe de Estado

Pregunta	¿Cómo se elige al Jefe de Estado?
Respuestas	c. Se elige de manera directa en elecciones generales (mayoría absoluta con segunda vuelta de ser necesario)
Respuestas	The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state. The President of the Russian Federation is elected for a term of four years by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of general, equal and direct vote by secret ballot. The Law on Presidential Elections requires that the winner receives more than 50 percent of the votes cast. If no candidate receives more than 50 percent of the vote, the top two vote-getters face each other in a runoff election. Once the results of the first round are known, the runoff election must be held within fifteen days. A candidate in a two-person runoff might win without attaining a majority. If the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier succeeds him; the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months; premier appointed by the president with the approval of the Duma.
Fuente	The Constitution of the Russian Federation, art. 81: http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/base/54.html
Verificado	2024/03/18

ES002

Jefe de Gobierno

Pregunta	¿Cómo se elige al Jefe de Gobierno?
Answer:	e. Designado
Respuestas	The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation with the consent of the House of Representatives [State Duma].
Fuente	Constitution: The Constitution of the Russian Federation, art. 83: http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/base/54.html
Verificado	2024/03/22

ES003

Presidente

Pregunta	¿Cuenta el país con un presidente?
Answer:	a. Sí
Respuestas	1) The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state. 2) The President is the guarantor of the Constitution, and of human and civil rights and freedoms. In accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution, he takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, and ensure concerted functioning and interaction of all bodies of state power. (3) The President of the Russian Federation defines the basic domestic and foreign policy guidelines of the state in accordance with the Constitution and federal laws. (4) The President of the Russian Federation as head of state represents the Russian Federation inside the country and in international relations."
Fuente	Constitution: The Constitution of the Russian Federation, art. 80: http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-01.htm
Verificado	2024/03/22

ES004

Número de cámaras

Pregunta	La legislatura nacional consiste de (una/dos cámaras)
Answer:	b. Dos Cámaras
Respuestas	1) The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers: the Federation Council and the House of Representatives [State Duma]. 2) Two deputies from each subject of the Federation are members of Federation Council: one from the representative and one from the executive bodies of state authority. 3) The House of Representatives [State Duma] consists of 450 deputies
Fuente	The Constitution of the Russian Federation, art. 95: http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-01.htm
Verificado	2024/03/22

ES005

Sistema Electoral (Cámara 1)

Pregunta	¿Cuál es el sistema electoral para la Cámara Baja de la legislatura nacional?
Respuestas	e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
Respuestas	The Russian electoral system can be characterized as a classic example of a parallel electoral system. Both party-list Proportional Representation (PR) and First Past the Post (FPTP) voting are used for choosing deputies in the Duma, but there is no adjustment of the party-list representatives to reflect disparities in the overall seat-vote share, as there is in Germany and New Zealand. The total number of deputies is 450, with half selected by PR and half chosen in single-member plurality constituencies. The PR system operates in effect as one constituency, since the votes for political parties are tallied across the entire country. Nevertheless, parties compete regionally on closed lists, in accord with the June 1995 law adopted by the Federal Assembly. A nominee for a national party list of 12 members may also seek election from an FPTP single-member district in the region. Consequently, this can result in another seat for a political party, which wins on the PR ballot. Upon achieving the threshold of at least five percent of the PR votes, seats are distributed according to the largest remainder formula. A 25% voter turnout is required to validate the poll. Each voter thus casts two separate ballots. Vacancies arising between general elections are filled either through by-elections (majority system) or by "next-in-line" candidates of the same party list (proportional representation system).
Fuente	Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, amended as of April 5, 2016, article 3: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiz-9bZwf6EAxVX4skDHb15AeIQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.gob.mx%2Fvota_elections%2Fpage%2Fdownload%2F16240&usg=AOvVaw3NYZOKj696lT-b9Q5THAwf&opi=89978449
Verificado	2024/03/22

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