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Swaziland Swaziland

Disclaimer: This section of Comparative Data is not being updated. Users should be aware that data may be inaccurate. If you find inaccuracies please contact the ACE facilitators.

Boundary Delimitation

BD001

Delimitation of constituencies


Question:Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer: a. Yes
Comments: The Elections and Boundaries Commission reviews and determines the boundaries of 59 constituencies known as tinkhundla for purposes of elections.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(7)(c) & 91.
Verified: 2019/01/30
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BD003

Criteria for drawing boundaries


Question:On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s): a. "Equality" of population
d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries
Comments:
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 91(2)-(5).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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BD004


Question:If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
Answer: g. Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2019/01/30
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BD005

Body responsible for drawing boundaries


Question:The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s): c. Executive
d. Boundary Commission
Comments: Elections and Boundaries Commission is responsible for the demarcation and the conduct of elections.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(7)(c) & 91.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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Electoral Systems

ES001

Head of State


Question:How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s): g. Inherited monarchy
Comments: The King is the Head of State and hereditary succession to the throne is governed by Constitution and Swazi law and custom.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 4 & 5.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ES002

Head of Government


Question:How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer: e. Appointed
Comments: The Prime Minister is appointed by the King from among members of the House acting on the recommendation of King's Advisory Council and may be removed from office by the King.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 67 & 68
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ES003

President


Question:Does the country have a president?
Answer: b. No
Comments: Swaziland is a hereditary monarchy.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 1, 4 & 5
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ES004

Number of Chambers


Question:The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer: b. Two chambers
Comments: Parliament consists of a House of Assembly and a Senate.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 93
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ES005

Electoral System (Chamber 1)


Question:What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s): a. Plurality (FPTP)
Comments: The election of persons to any chamber of Parliament or Bucopho shall be by secret ballot at both primary and secondary levels or any other level in accordance with the first-past-the-post system in which the person receiving the highest number of votes is elected.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 87 & 95
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ES011
If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) 	
Women	- proportion of total seats (%) 	
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%) 	
Other- proportion of total seats (%) 	
Not applicable 	not applicable in Swaziland
Source
No Source
Verified
2010/01/14
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ES013
If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) 	
Women	- proportion of total seats (%) 	
Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%) 	
Other - proportion of total seats (%) 	
Not applicable 	n/a
Source
No Source
Verified
2010/01/14
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Legislative Framework

LF001

Status of Electoral Law


Question:What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s): a. Part of Constitution
Comments:
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, Electoral Law: Election Order: Electoral Law: Voter registration Order and Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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LF003

Electoral Law covers


Question:The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s): a. National elections
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: Election Order, art. 4(1)
Verified: 2012/02/24
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LF004

Compulsory/voluntary voting


Question:Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s): a. Voting is voluntary
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2012/02/24
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LF007

Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)


Question:What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s): d. Other
Comments: There is no specific legislation governing dispute resolution, so election petitions are heard by the High Court.
Source: KARUME, S 2003b "Post-mortem of the Swaziland General Election of 2003" IN EISA Election Update: Swaziland 2003 No 2.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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Electoral Management

EM001
Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
Name of Institution: Elections and Boundaries Commission 
Website Address: http://www.gov.sz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=366&Itemid=343 (2012)

Source
No Source
Verified
2012/12/11
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EM002

Responsibility of national EMB


Question:Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s): a. National level
b. Regional level
c. Local level
Comments: The functions of the Elections and Boundary Commission shall be to - oversee and supervise the registration of voters and ensure fair and free elections at primary, secondary or other level.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(7)(a).
Verified: 2012/12/11
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EM004

EMB budget determined by


Question:The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s): e. Another organ within the national government
Comments: Elections and Boundaries Commission is funded from the Consolidated Fund.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 171(2) & 208(4).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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EM005

EMB expenditures controlled by


Question:The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s): h. No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2012/06/25
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EM006

Term of EMB members


Question:The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer: b. For a specified number of years
Comments: Twelve years and is not renewable.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(5).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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EM011
What are the approximate proportions (%) of total election expenditure for the last national elections devoted to the following?
Voter registration and preparation of voter lists 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2009/11/13
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EM012

Electoral Management model


Question:What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer: b. Independent
Comments: There shall be an independent authority styled the Elections and Boundaries Commission (“the Commission”) for Swaziland consisting of a chairperson, deputy chairperson and three other members.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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EM013

Number of EMB members


Question:The EMB is composed of:
Answer: a. 1 - 10 members (specify)
Comments: The EMB is composed of: 5 members.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90
Verified: 2012/02/24
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EM014

Membership based on


Question:The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer: b. Expertise
Comments:
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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EM015


Question:The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s): i. Other
Comments: Chair and Deputy-Chair appointed by the King on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission and three other members appointed by the King on consultation with the ministers responsible for elections and for local government.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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Voter Education

VE001

Information campaigns performed by


Question:Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s): a. National Electoral Management Body
Comments: The Elections and Boundaries Commission is responsible for facilitating civic and voter education.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(7)(b).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VE002

Frequency of voter education programs


Question:At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer: a. Continuously
Comments: One of the functions of the Elections and Boundaries Commission is to - facilitate civic or voter education as may be necessary in between elections.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(7)(b).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VE003

National civic education


Question:Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s): b. Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
Comments: One of the functions of the Elections and Boundaries Commission is to - facilitate civic or voter education as may be necessary in between elections.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90(7)(b).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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Voter Registration

VR001

Voting age


Question:What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer: c. 18
Comments:
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 88 (1).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VR002

Other voting requirements


Question:Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s): a. Citizenship
b. Period of Residence
Comments: A person is qualified to be registered as avoter if.. that person... is a citizen of or is ordinarily resident in Swaziland.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 88 (1).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VR004

Authority responsible for voter registration


Question:Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer: d. Election Management Body (specify)
Comments:
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90 (7)(a).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VR008

Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?


Question:Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer: b. No
Comments: Registration voluntary and continuous.
Source: Electoral Law:Voters Registration Order, sec. 4.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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Parties and Candidates

PC001

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)


Question:What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s): g. No information available
Comments: Political parties are banned in Swaziland.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973 .
Verified: 2012/02/24
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PC002

Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 2)


Question:What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s): g. No information available
Comments: Political parties are banned in Swaziland.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2007/10/15
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PC003

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)


Question:What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s): a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
j. Other
Comments: j. If the person has paid all taxes or made arrangements satisfactory to the Commissioner of taxes.
Source: Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 96.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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PC004

Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 2)


Question:What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s): a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
j. Other
Comments: j. If the person has paid all taxes or made arrangements satisfactory to the Commissioner of taxes.
Source: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland 2005, Article 96.
Verified: 2007/10/15
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PC008

Independent candidates


Question:Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s): c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
Comments: Only independents may stand, political parties are banned.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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PC012

Public funding of parties


Question:Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s): a. No
Comments: Political parties were banned in Swaziland.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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PC015


Question:What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s): f. No information available
Comments: Political parties were banned.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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PC017


Question:Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer: b. No
Comments: Political parties are banned in Swaziland.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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Vote Counting

VC004

Votes are sorted/counted at


Question:Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer: c. Special counting centres
Comments: After the close of the poll the presiding officer seals all the documentation and ballot boxes and forwards them to the returning officer. The returning officer gives notice to the candidates or their agents informing them of when and where the count is to take place.
Source: Electoral Law: Elections Order 1992, 40-45.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VC011

When are ballots recounted?


Question:Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s): d. By request
e. Court order
Comments: d. Candidates or their agents may request a recount, but the returning officer may refuse if the request seems unreasonable. e. The Elections and Boundaries Commission (EBC) is not tasked with hearing disputes, nor is there any specific legislation governing dispute resolution, so election petitions are heard by the High Court.
Source: Elections Order 1992, 48(4). Electoral Law: KARUME, S 2003b "Post-mortem of the Swaziland General Election of 2003" IN EISA Election Update: Swaziland 2003 No 2.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VC016
If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?
hours: 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2012/02/24
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Media and Elections

ME001
Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
Name and Title: 	
Job Title: 	
Organisation: 	
Contact Address: 	
Telephone:  	
Facsimile: 	
Email: 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2012/02/24
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ME037

Criteria for allocating free broadcast time


Question:What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s): h. No information available
i. Not applicable
Comments: Political parties are banned in Swaziland.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ME038
What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Amount (Euros) 	
The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising 	
Source
Political parties are banned in Swaziland.
Verified
2012/02/24
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ME056
What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
....... 	
There are no laws in this regard 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2012/02/24
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ME057
What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
......... 	
The law does not specify any limits 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2012/02/24
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ME059

Television debates


Question:Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s): d. No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ME062

Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.


Question:What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer: g. No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2012/02/24
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ME080


Question:Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer: d. Not applicable
Comments: Parties are banned in Swaziland.
Source: Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
Verified: 2012/02/24
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Direct Democracy

DD001
Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
Name and Title: 	Maureen Nthabiseng Moloi
Job Title: 	Intern
Organisation: 	EISA
Contact Address. 	14 Park Road, Richmond, Johannesburg, South Africa
Telephone: 	0027-11-4825495
Facsimile: 	0027-11-4826163
Email: 	[email protected]
Source
No Source
Verified
2009/10/27
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DD002

Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)


Question:Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer: a. Yes
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD003

Mandatory referendums (national level)


Question:Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer: a. Yes
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD004

Optional referendums (national level)


Question:Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer: a. Yes
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD005

Citizens' Initiatives (national level)


Question:Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer: b. No
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD006

Agenda Initiatives (national level)


Question:Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer: b. No
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD007


Question:Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer: b. No
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD013
When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level? Date (yyyy)
Mandatory referendum 	1992
Optional referendum 	
Citizens' initiative 	
Agenda initiative 	
Recall 	
Not applicable 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2009/10/27
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DD016


Question:Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
Answer: a. Yes
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD017


Question:Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD018


Question:Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD019


Question:Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD020


Question:Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD021


Question:Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD022


Question:Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD023


Question:Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD024


Question:Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD025


Question:Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD026


Question:Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer: c. No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD027


Question:What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
Answer(s): a. Constitutional amendments
h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments
i. Other public policy issues
j. Other (specify)
Comments: j) Monarchy, Protection and Promotion of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, The Executive, The Legislature, The Judicature, Director of Public Prosecutions and the Commission on Human Rights, Land and Minerals section, Traditional Institutions and Miscellaneous.
Source: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, Chapter XVII, No. 246(2)
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD028


Question:What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
Answer(s): k. None
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD029


Question:Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
Answer(s): k. None
Comments: Not specified.
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD030


Question:Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
Answer(s): e. None
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD036


Question:Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
Answer(s): e. Other (specify who)
Comments: The King of Swaziland.
Source: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland
Verified: 2006/10/16
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DD129


Question:Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer: b. Sometimes binding
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD130


Question:Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer: c. Both constitutional and other issues
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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DD131


Question:Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer: b. No
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2012/06/12
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Voting Operations

VO003

Electors vote at


Question:Where can electors vote?
Answer(s): a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: Election Order, sec. 22(1).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VO004

Voting outside the country is permitted for


Question:Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s): b. Citizens residing outside the country
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: Election Order, sec. 11(5).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VO005

Locations for voting outside of the country


Question:If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s): a. Embassies
b. Consulates
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: Election Order, sec. 11(5).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VO010
Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
Yes, the maximum capacity is: 	
No 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2009/07/05
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VO011

Voting method


Question:How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s): a. Manually marking of ballots
g. Other
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: Election Order, sec. 33(1).
Verified: 2012/02/24
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VO012
How many staff are assigned to each polling station?
The smallest polling station: 	
The largest polling station: 	
Average per polling station: 	
Source
No Source
Verified
2009/07/05
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