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Boundary Delimitation
BD001
Delimitation of constituencies
Question: Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: "Election districts shall be formed so that every election district elects an equal number of deputies or a number of deputies as close as possible".
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
BD002
Question: The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
Answer(s):
c . The Electoral Management Body
Comments: Procedures related to election shall be executed by election boards.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 9: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
BD003
Criteria for drawing boundaries
Question: On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):
a . "Equality" of population d . Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries g . Other
Comments: The following rules shall be observed for the determination of the election districts of the provinces:
a) Election districts shall be formed so that every election district elects an equal number of deputies or a number of deputies as close as possible.
b) The scope of each election district shall be the same as the administrative scope of the concerned county to the extent possible
c) The numbers of inhabitants and means of transportation shall be taken into account when several counties are gathered into one election district...
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
BD004
Question: If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
Answer:
b . Citizen population
Comments: The number of inhabitants of Turkey, as determined at the last census, shall be divided by the remaining number of deputyships.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
BD005
Body responsible for drawing boundaries
Question: The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):
e . Electoral Management Body (EMB)
Comments: Procedures related to election shall be executed by election boards.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 9: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
BD006
Question: What statistical or other reasons trigger the redrawing of electoral constituency boundaries?
Answer(s):
g . Changes in administrative boundaries k . Boundaries redrawn every____period of years
Comments: Boundaries are redrawn every elections (every 5 years). However, if early elections take place, boundaries are redrawn at the time of the election.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2002/09/09
Electoral Systems
ES001
Head of State
Question: How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):
c . Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments: The Turkish Constitution was amended in 2007 to allow Presidential elections by the people.
The President of the Republic shall be elected directly by the public from among Turkish citizens who are eligible to be deputies, who are over forty years of age and who have completed higher education. The President of the Republic’s term of office shall be five years. A person may be elected as President of the Republic for two terms at most.
Political party groups, political parties which have received more than five percent of the valid votes in sum alone or jointly in the latest parliamentary elections, or a hundred thousand electorates may nominate a candidate for Presidency.
If a deputy is elected as President, his/her membership of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey shall cease.
In presidential elections conducted by universal suffrage, the candidate who receives the absolute majority of the valid votes shall be elected President of the Republic. If this majority cannot be obtained in the first ballot, the second ballot shall be held on the second Sunday following this ballot. The first two top rated candidates in first ballot shall run for the second, and the candidate who receives the majority of valid votes shall be elected President of the Republic.
If one of the candidates who is entitled to run for the second ballot is unable to participate in the election for any reason whatsoever, the second ballot shall be conducted by substituting the vacant candidacy in conformity with the ordering constituted in the first ballot. where only one candidate remains for the second ballot, this ballot shall be conducted as a referendum. Should the candidate receive the majority of the valid votes, he/she shall be elected the President of the Republic. If that candidate cannot receive the majority of the valid votes in election, only presidential election is renewed.
The term of office of the incumbent President of the Republic shall continue until the President-elect takes the office.
Other procedures and principles concerning presidential elections shall be regulated by law
In presidential elections conducted by universal suffrage, the candidate who receives the absolute majority of the valid votes shall be elected President of the Republic. If this majority cannot be obtained in the first ballot, the second ballot shall be held on the second Sunday following this ballot. The two candidates who receive the greatest number of votes in first ballot run for the second ballot, and the candidate who receives majority of valid votes shall be elected President of the Republic.
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 101: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES002
Head of Government
Question: How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:
b . Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments: The Turkish Constitution was amended in 2017 that fused the role of the head of government and the head of the state in one person: the president. The amendment removed the post of Prime Minister.
If the simple majority is not obtained in the first round of Presidential elections, a second round of voting is held according to procedure stated in Article 101.
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 77: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Verified: 2018/06/07
ES003
President
Question: Does the country have a president?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: Executive power and function shall be exercised and carried out by the President of the Republic in conformity with the Constitution and laws.
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 8: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES004
Number of Chambers
Question: The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:
a . One chamber
Comments: The Grand National Assembly of Turkey shall be composed of six hundred deputies elected by universal suffrage.
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 75: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES005
Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
g . List Proportional Representation
Comments: The method of proportional representation with general, equal and secret ballot shall be used.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 2: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES006
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
k . The national legislature consists of one chamber only
Comments: Legislative power is vested in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on behalf of Turkish Nation. This power shall not be delegated.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES007
Question: If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
Answer:
a . d'Hondt Formula
Comments: Constituency seats are apportioned according to the largest average method of proportional representation (PR), conceived by the Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt in 1899.
Source: http://electionresources.org/tr/
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES008
Question: What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
Answer(s):
a . National level
Comments: First of all, out of the total number of deputies (...) one deputyship shall be allocated to each province. (*)
(Amended 2. Paragraph: 4138 - 23.11.95) The number of inhabitants of Turkey, as determined at the last census, shall be divided by the remaining number of deputyships. The number of inhabitants of each province shall be divided by the number so calculated to find the number of deputies to be elected by that province on top the one deputyship allocated at the beginning.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2015/06/01
ES009
Question: What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES010
Question: Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 4: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES012
Question: Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
Answer:
c . The national legislature consists of one chamber only
Comments:
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Verified: 2015/06/01
ES014
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
Answer:
b . Specify the percentage:
Comments: No candidates of a political party which has not obtained more than 10% of all of the valid votes in Turkey as a whole or, in the case of mid-term elections, in all of the mid-term election districts shall enter the parliament.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 33: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES015
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES016
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
Answer:
b . Specify the percentage:
Comments: The election of an independent candidate who has stood for elections in the list of candidates of a political party shall also depend on that political party’s surpassing this 10% barrier.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 33: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES017
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES018
Question: Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
Answer(s):
a . At fixed intervals (specify length) b . Elections can be called at any time (specify by whom) c . On a fixed day of the week (specify day, specify if holiday)
Comments: Elections for the Grand National Assembly of Turkey shall be held once every five years.
The beginning date of the elections shall be July 3rd of the last meeting year of each elections period and votes shall be cast on the second Sunday of October.
In the event it is not possible to hold elections due to war, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey shall be entitled to postpone the elections for one year.
If the reason for the postponement persists, this procedure may be repeated in accordance with the procedure determined in the initial decision of postponement.
Mid-term elections shall be held if seats become vacant in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
If the Grand National Assembly of Turkey or the President of the Republic decides that elections should be renewed before the expiration of the elections period, the Cabinet shall announce such decision within 48 hours.
(Amended: paragraph 2: 3403 - 10.9.1987) If the renewal decision has been taken by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, then the Assembly shall also determine the date of the elections. If the renewal decision has been taken by the President of the Republic, then votes shall be cast on the first Sunday following the ninetieth day after the decision.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 6-8: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES019
Question: Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments: The parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES020
Question: Regarding Chamber 1 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):
Answer:
a . Voting takes place on one day
Comments: The casting of votes shall take place on the same day all over Turkey under the administration and supervision of judicial authorities.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 2: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
ES021
Question: Regarding Chamber 2 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
Legislative Framework
LF001
Status of Electoral Law
Question: What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Part of Constitution b . Separate legislation
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey;
Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers;
Parliamentary Elections Law
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF002
Question: What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
Answer:
a . January 2000 or later
Comments: 2013 Local Government Reform
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF003
Electoral Law covers
Question: The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):
a . National elections c . Local elections d . Referendums
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey;
Parliamentary Elections Law;
Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF004
Compulsory/voluntary voting
Question: Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):
b . Voting is compulsory and regulated in the electoral law
Comments: Those people who abstain from casting their votes, although they are registered as voters and eligible for casting their vote, without justified excuse in parliamentary general or mid-term elections shall be punished with a fine of ten thousand Turkish liras. This provision is definitive.
Source: Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 63: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF005
Question: Are there provisions in the law which permit or require regional and/ or local election (s) to be held on the same day as national elections?
Answer:
a . National elections are not held on the same day as regional or local elections
Comments: Date of last national election: Nov 1, 2015
Date of last regional election: March 30 2014
Date of last local election: March 30, 2014
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF006
Question: Are there provisions in the law which permit or require presidential election (s) to be held on the same day as national legislative elections?
Answer(s):
c . Not applicable
Comments: No provisions
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF007
Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)
Question: What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
b . EMB
Comments: The Supreme Board of Election shall execute all the functions to ensure the fair and orderly conduct of elections from the beginning to the end, carry out investigations and take final decisions, during and after the elections, on all irregularities, complaints and objections concerning the electoral matters, and receive the electoral records of the members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and presidential election. No appeal shall be made to any authority against the decisions of the Supreme Board of Election.
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 79: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF008
Question: If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
Answer(s):
c . Judiciary
Comments: Supreme Board of Elections shall consists of seven principal and four alternate members. Six of the members shall be appointed by the Supreme Court of Appeals and five members by the Supreme Council of State by ballot amongst their own members, with absolute majority of the full number of members.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 11: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF009
Question: Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
Answer(s):
a . Candidates b . Parties c . Voters
Comments: The following may lodge objections against non definitive decisions of the boards or of the board chairmen mentioned in the present law: citizens who are eligible for standing for elections, political parties or the leaders of different sections of their organisation according to their internal regulations or their attorneys, witnesses, candidates and members of the Senate of the Republic and deputies.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 110: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
LF010
Question: What body(ies) is the final appellate authority for formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
a . Electoral Management Body
Comments: The Supreme Board of Election shall execute all the functions to ensure the fair and orderly conduct of elections from the beginning to the end, carry out investigations and take final decisions, during and after the elections, on all irregularities, complaints and objections concerning the electoral matters, and receive the electoral records of the members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and presidential election. No appeal shall be made to any authority against the decisions of the Supreme Board of Election.
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 79: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
Electoral Management
EM002
Responsibility of national EMB
Question: Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):
a . National level c . Local level
Comments: Among other responsibilities, the Supreme Board of Elections has an overseeing function over provincial and county election boards.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 14: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM003
Question: The national electoral management body reports to:
Answer(s):
f . Other
Comments: It is independent, it does not report to any state organ.
No appeal shall be made to any authority against the decisions of the Supreme Board of Election.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 79: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM004
EMB budget determined by
Question: The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):
c . The legislature d . A national government department
Comments: The expenses of the Supreme Board of Elections and of the General Directorate of Voters' Registers and all other election expenses shall be covered from the general budget. The necessary funds shall be shown in a special program in the budget of the Ministry of Justice.
The daily fees to be paid to chairmen and members of election boards and to other persons to be employed for the elections... shall be determined by the Supreme Court of Elections, provided that the daily fee does not exceed the amount to be found by multiplying 600 by civil servants' monthly pay coefficient. No tax shall be imposed on those fees.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 181-182: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM005
EMB expenditures controlled by
Question: The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: The chief authority to issue orders of payment out of the designated funds is the Chairman of the Supreme Board of Elections, who may delegate his/her powers to the General Directorate of Voters' Registers.
The daily fees to be paid to chairmen and members of election boards and to other persons to be employed for the elections... shall be determined by the Supreme Court of Elections...
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 181-182: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM006
Term of EMB members
Question: The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:
b . For a specified number of years
Comments: The members of the Supreme Board of Elections are elected for a term of 6 years.
(The term for provincial and county boards is two years).
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 11, 15 & 18: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM007
Question: The national electoral management body chairperson, or equivalent, is chosen in the following way:
Answer(s):
a . Elected (specify by whom)
Comments: The members elect a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman from amongst themselves, by absolute majority and secret ballot.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 79: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM012
Electoral Management model
Question: What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:
b . Independent
Comments:
Source: Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM013
Number of EMB members
Question: The EMB is composed of:
Answer:
a . 1 - 10 members (specify)
Comments: The EMB is composed of: 7 members.
Source: Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM014
Membership based on
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:
b . Expertise
Comments:
Source: Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Verified: 2016/01/21
EM015
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):
f . Judiciary
Comments:
Source: Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Verified: 2016/01/21
Voter Education
VE001
Information campaigns performed by
Question: Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):
a . National Electoral Management Body c . Local/County Electoral Management Bodies h . Political parties/ candidates i . Media k . Other
Comments:
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 14: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VE002
Frequency of voter education programs
Question: At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:
b . Election time only
Comments:
Source: OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report. 30 March – 1 April 2011. Parliamentary elections in the Republic of Turkey. 12 June 2011. Warsaw 13 April 2011: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/76837
Verified: 2016/01/21
VE003
National civic education
Question: Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):
m . No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
VE004
Question: What types of voter education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Poster/ Billboard campaigns b . Media advertisement c . Simulation exercises d . Music and theater e . Public meetings g . Internet
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
VE005
Question: What types of civic education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
VE006
Question: Special voter education programs were developed at the most recent national elections for:
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments: No special voter education programs were developed.
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
Voter Registration
VR001
Voting age
Question: What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:
c . 18
Comments: All Turkish citizens over eighteen years of age shall have the right to vote in elections and to take part in referenda.
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 67: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VR002
Other voting requirements
Question: Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Citizenship
Comments: Every Turkish citizen over 18 years of age has the right to vote in elections and to take part in referenda.
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 67: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VR003
Question: What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
Answer(s):
a . Criminal Incarceration e . Military Service
Comments: Privates and corporals at arms, cadets, and convicts in penal execution institutions excluding those convicted of negligent offences shall not vote.
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 67: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VR004
Authority responsible for voter registration
Question: Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:
d . Election Management Body (specify)
Comments: The Supreme Board of Elections is responsible for designating the principles of establishment and operation of Voter Registers General Directorate, publishing respective regulations, issue and audit programs. Voter Registers General Directorate is managed by a general manager appointed by the Supreme Board of Elections. In addition to the Voter Registers General Directorate, 'Voter Registers Office' is set up in each county, managed by the charimen of the county election boards.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 14 & 28: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VR005
Question: What is the registration method for national elections?
Answer:
b . Voters register
Comments: Voter registration is managed by the SBE through a central voter registration system.
Source: OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2014 Presidential Elections: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/turkey/119439?download=true
Verified: 2016/01/21
VR006
Question: How frequently is the voters register updated?
Answer:
c . Periodically (or before each election)
Comments: Voter Registers shall be edited once every four years and updated by continuous fathering of data and general auditing once every two years.
The rules, methods and techniques of editing, continuous updating and general auditing as well as data processing procedures of Voter Registers General Directorate shall be designated by a communiqué to be issued by the Supreme Board of Elections.
Voter Registers shall be created and updated based on data gathered in writing and auditing, court decrees defining modifications in voter data such as modification in name, surname, age, sex, deprivation or reinstatement of voter capacity (restriction, prohibition from public services), data showing expelled or reinstated citizenship, as well as data on deceased citizens, change of domicile within or outside of the election district and other documents to be gathered in accordance with rules and methods to be established by the Supreme Board of Elections.
During an election period, the SBE extracts voter information, compiles voter lists, and forwards them to DEBs for posting and public review.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 33: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2014 Presidential Elections: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/turkey/119439?download=true
Verified: 2016/01/21
VR007
Question: What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
Answer(s):
g . Data matching with other agencies information j . Other
Comments: The SBE manages voter registration through a central voter registration system, which is linked to an online civil registry. This registry is operated by the Ministry of Interior. The registry identifies citizens through a personal identification number, which is linked to their place of permanent residence, and only permits registration at one location. Citizens are required to inform authorities of a change in address within 20 days. Their data is also automatically updated through information gathered by the utility companies associated with a new address. Local and district authorities are responsible for updating other personal information such as births, deaths, and marital status.
Source: OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2014 Presidential Elections: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/turkey/119439?download=true
Verified: 2016/01/21
VR008
Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Question: Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: A voter not contained in the ballot-box voter list shall not be entitled to cast votes.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 34: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
Parties and Candidates
PC001
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
c . Regional distribution requirement e . Minimum number of candidates f . Other
Comments: Parties have to establish their organizations in at least half of the provinces, which means the establishment of an organization in at least one third of the counties within that province including the central county; and they have to convene their main congress no later than within six months or have a group in the Grand National Assembly
Political parties have to present a full number of candidates in at least half of the total number of provinces and present candidates in one or more of the election districts of these provinces.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 14: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 13-14: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC002
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 2)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
g . No information available
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC003
Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Age b . Citizenship h . Minimum level of education j . Other
Comments: The constitution was amended for the 19th time in April of 27, 2017.
The amendment lowered the age level qualification from twenty-five to eighteen to be eligible for the chamber. Furthermore, whereas under the previous constitution mandatory military service was a requirement to running for the deputy post,the new amendment required no relation with the military to be eligible to run for the chamber.
Every Turk over the age of 18 is eligible to be a deputy.
Persons who have not completed primary education, who have been
deprived of legal capacity, who are in relation with their
military services, who are banned from public service, who
have been sentenced to a prison term totalling one year or
more excluding involuntary offences, or to a heavy
imprisonment; those who have been convicted of
dishonourable offences such as embezzlement, corruption,
bribery, theft, fraud, forgery, breach of trust, fraudulent
bankruptcy; and persons convicted of smuggling, conspiracy
in official bidding or purchasing, of offences related to the
disclosure of state secrets, of involvement in acts of terrorism,
or incitement and encouragement of such activities, shall not
be elected as a deputy, even if they have been granted
amnesty.
Judges and prosecutors, members of the higher judicial
organs, lecturers at institutions of higher education, members
of the Council of Higher Education, employees of public
institutions and agencies who have the status of civil
servants, other public employees not regarded as labourers
on account of the duties they perform, and members of the
armed forces shall not stand for election or be eligible to be a
deputy unless they resign from office
Law: art. 21: Applicants for independent candidature shall also deposit an amount equal to the gross salary of a civil servant of the highest rank to the responsible sub-division of the treasury and add the receipt thereof to the documents of their application for candidature. They are reimbursed if they receive a sufficient number of votes to be elected (or withdraw candidature within the legal time limit or whose candidature is declined or in case of death - the money is reimbursed to their legal successors.)
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 76: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 10-11 & 21: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2018/06/08
PC004
Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 2)
Question: What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
k . No information available
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC005
Question: What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
a . Age b . Citizenship h . Minimum level of education j . Other
Comments: The Turkish Constitution was amended in April, 2017 to pave way for presidential-system of governance. As under the previous constitution, the president would be directly elected. However, to be legally available to run for the office, the candidates must have the support of political parties, political groups, or 100,000 electorates.
The President of the Republic shall be elected directly by the
public from among Turkish citizens who are eligible to be
deputies, who are over forty years of age and who have
completed higher education.
The President of the Republic’s term of office shall be five
years. A person may be elected as President of the Republic for two terms at most.
Political party groups, political parties which have recieved
more than five percent of the valid votes in sum alone or
jointly in the latest parliamentary elections, or a hundred
thousand electorates may nominate a candidate for
Presidency.
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 101: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Verified: 2018/06/08
PC006
Question: What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
Answer(s):
a . Current criminal incarceration c . Criminal record f . Holding of military office g . Holding of government office h . Bankruptcy or Insolvency k . Mental health problems n . Holding of other public offices (police etc.) o . Other
Comments: Persons who have not completed primary education, who have been
deprived of legal capacity, who are in relation with their
military services, who are banned from public service, who
have been sentenced to a prison term totalling one year or
more excluding involuntary offences, or to a heavy
imprisonment; those who have been convicted of
dishonourable offences such as embezzlement, corruption,
bribery, theft, fraud, forgery, breach of trust, fraudulent
bankruptcy; and persons convicted of smuggling, conspiracy
in official bidding or purchasing, of offences related to the
disclosure of state secrets, of involvement in acts of terrorism,
or incitement and encouragement of such activities, shall not
be elected as a deputy, even if they have been granted
amnesty.
Judges and prosecutors, members of the higher judicial
organs, lecturers at institutions of higher education, members
of the Council of Higher Education, employees of public
institutions and agencies who have the status of civil
servants, other public employees not regarded as labourers
on account of the duties they perform, and members of the
armed forces shall not stand for election or be eligible to be a
deputy unless they resign from office.
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 76: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC007
Question: What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
a . Current criminal incarceration c . Criminal record f . Holding of military office g . Holding of government office h . Bankruptcy or insolvency k . Mental health problems n . Holding of other public offices (police etc.) p . Other
Comments: The new amended constitution (as of April, 2017) does not explicitly mention criteria that can disqualify a presidential candidate but it opens the possibility that a deputy can be a president. The constitution does mention criteria that can disqualify a deputy candidate. By that account, the following implicit criteria can disqualify a presidential candidate from running for the office.
Persons who have not completed primary education, who have been
deprived of legal capacity, who are in relation with their
military services, who are banned from public service, who
have been sentenced to a prison term totalling one year or
more excluding involuntary offences, or to a heavy
imprisonment; those who have been convicted of
dishonourable offences such as embezzlement, corruption,
bribery, theft, fraud, forgery, breach of trust, fraudulent
bankruptcy; and persons convicted of smuggling, conspiracy
in official bidding or purchasing, of offences related to the
disclosure of state secrets, of involvement in acts of terrorism,
or incitement and encouragement of such activities, shall not
be elected as a deputy, even if they have been granted
amnesty.
Judges and prosecutors, members of the higher judicial
organs, lecturers at institutions of higher education, members
of the Council of Higher Education, employees of public
institutions and agencies who have the status of civil
servants, other public employees not regarded as labourers
on account of the duties they perform, and members of the
armed forces shall not stand for election or be eligible to be a
deputy unless they resign from office.
Source: Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 76 and 101: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC008
Independent candidates
Question: Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):
e . In both presidential and legislative elections
Comments: The President of the Republic is elected for a term of office of seven years by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey from among its own members who are over 40 years of age and who have completed their higher education or from among Turkish citizens who fulfill these requirements and are eligible to be deputies.
The nomination of a candidate for the Presidency of the Republic from outside the Grand National Assembly of Turkey requires a written proposal by at least one-fifth of the total number of members of the Assembly.
Law: art. 12: Every Turkish citizen eligible for candidature can stand for parliamentary elections - there is no obligation of being a political party member for candidature.
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 101: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 12: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC009
Question: If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
b . Deposit requirement (specify)
Comments: Non-reimbursable monetary deposit equivalent to US$ 30.000.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
PC010
Question: If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC011
Question: If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
d . Other
Comments: The candidates have to be deputies in the Parliament.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 101: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC012
Public funding of parties
Question: Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):
b . Direct c . Indirect
Comments: The state shall provide the political parties with adequate financial means in an equitable manner. The financial assistance to be extended to political parties, as well as procedures related to collection of membership dues and donations are regulated by law.
Source: The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 68: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
IDEA database:
http://www.idea.int/political-finance/country.cfm?id=223#Public%20funding
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC013
Question: If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
Answer(s):
c . As related to the election period and between elections
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
PC014
Question: If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
Answer(s):
b . Tax credits
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2002/08/27
PC015
Question: What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):
b . Based on result of previous election
Comments: Report: "According to the Constitutional Court, a significant share of party funding in Turkey comes from the state budget. Political parties that pass the 10 per cent threshold in parliamentary elections qualify for the allocation of state funds, while more limited funding is also available to parties that received over 7 per cent of votes".
Source: OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report. 30 March – 1 April 2011. Parliamentary elections in the Republic of Turkey. 12 June 2011. Warsaw 13 April 2011: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/76837
IDEA database:
http://www.idea.int/political-finance/country.cfm?id=223#Public%20funding
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC016
Question: If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
Answer(s):
a . General party administration b . Election campaign activities
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2002/08/27
PC017
Question: Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: There are no provisions in the legislature banning private funding. The Constitution only states that the revenues and expenditures of political parties must be in conformity with their objectives. However, political parties may not engage in commercial activities and those political parties that receive material assistance from foreign States, international organizations and real persons and legal entities that are not of Turkish nationality are dissolved permenantly.
Report: "A recent change in the legislation allowed professional and business associations, as well as trade unions to support political parties by various means, including financial donations."
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 69: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report. 30 March – 1 April 2011. Parliamentary elections in the Republic of Turkey. 12 June 2011. Warsaw 13 April 2011: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/76837
Verified: 2016/01/21
PC018
Question: If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
Answer(s):
c . As related to the election period and between elections
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
PC019
Question: Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?
Answer(s):
a . Public disclosure of party contributions received b . Public disclosure of party expenditure h . Publication or public access to contribution and / or expenditure reports
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
PC020
Question: Which of the following candidate financing provisions are applicable?
Answer(s):
j . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
PC021
Question: Who is responsible for administering and enforcing party income/funding regulations at national level?
Answer(s):
d . Other
Comments: Constitutional Court.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
Vote Counting
VC001
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Single ballot (all registered parties listed) f . Same ballot papers used nationwide i . Party symbols in black and white n . Random listing (lottery)
Comments: Ballot papers for each independent candidate, bearing the name and surname only of
that independent candidate
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 68: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC002
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
s . Not applicable
Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, art. 7: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC003
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
a . Single ballot (all registered parties/candidates listed) f . Same ballot papers used nation-wide i . Party symbols in black or white n . Random listing (lottery)
Comments: Ballot papers for each independent candidate, bearing the name and surname only of
that independent candidate
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 68: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC004
Votes are sorted/counted at
Question: Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:
a . The polling stations
Comments: The ballot boxes are opened before all attendants at the voting place and the total number of envelopes removed from the box is counted and recorded. The vote counting is firstly performed by the ballox box committee.
Each county board of elections shall combine the results of the ballot boxes and record the number of votes received by the political parties and independent candidates. Each provincial board of elections shall then combine the results from the counties as recorded by county boards of elections. Upon drawing up the votes counting combination report, the provincial boards of elections send the results by cable to the Supreme Board of Elections, informing it also by phone and radio. The Supreme Board of Elections sums up all the valid votes all over Turkey and calculates the percentage of the valid votes for each political party in the total number of valid votes, and notifies those parties that have surpassed the barrier.
Source: Basic Electoral Provisions, art. 98: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 31-33: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC005
Question: What procedures are used in the initial count?
Answer(s):
a . Separate ballots for different elections b . Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box d . Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters e . Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused) f . Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud l . Counted by hand p . Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count r . Observers and party agents are permitted to take their own copies of the results s . Copies of results are provided to party agents
Comments:
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 96-103: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC006
Question: Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
Answer(s):
c . District level
Comments: Ballot papers considered valid, minutes issued by the ballot-box committee, undersigned vote counting schedules used in counting and listing, invalid, unconsidered and objected ballot papers, uncounted envelopes, the minutes book shall be placed, in separate packages signed sealed by the committee, in a bag sealed by the committee and signed by the chairman and members an shall be delivered to county election board to which the ballot- box committee is affiliated to by the chairman of the ballot-box committee and at least two members designated by the chairman by drawing names.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 107: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC007
Question: At what levels are seats allocated?
Answer(s):
d . National level
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC008
Question: How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
Answer(s):
b . By telephone c . By fax
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC009
Question: If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments: Polling results are not physically transported.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC010
Question: If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
Answer(s):
k . Not applicable
Comments: Polling results are not physically transported.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC011
When are ballots recounted?
Question: Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):
d . By request
Comments: The persons eligible for lodging objections under Article 110 may lodge objections in written form directly with the Supreme Board of ElectionS
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 131: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC012
Question: If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
Answer:
e . Not applicable
Comments: Ballots are not automatically recounted.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC013
Question: If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
Answer(s):
a . Political parties b . An individual candidate
Comments: Citizens who are eligible for standing for elections, political parties or the leaders of different sections of their organisation according to their internal regulations or their attorneys, witnesses, candidates and members of the Senate of the Republic and deputies.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 101: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VC014
Question: If recounted, who conducts the recount?
Answer(s):
a . National Election Management body c . Local Election Management body
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC015
Question: Are preliminary results announced?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC017
Question: Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
VC018
Question: How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)
Answer:
b . days:
Comments: There is no legal criterion, the Higher Council of Elections declare the results as soon as possible
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2015/06/01
Media and Elections
ME001
Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
Name and Title: Attila Vincze
Job Title: reserchear
Organisation: ACEEEO
Contact Address: Budapest, V. Alkotmany street 25. Hungary Postal Address: Budapest, P.O. BOX: 81. 1450 Hungary
Telephone: + 36 1 354 02 65
Facsimile: + 36 1 354 02 64
Email: [email protected]
Source
No Source
Verified
2009/09/16
ME002
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations are present at a national level in your country?
Answer(s):
a . Publicly owned c . Privately owned
Comments:
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach Das politische System der Türkei, In. Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 874 et seq.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME003
Question: Which of the following types of television stations are present at a national level in your country?
Answer(s):
a . Publicly owned c . Privately owned
Comments:
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach Das politische System der Türkei, In. Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 874 et seq.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME004
Question: Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers are present at a national level in your country?
Answer(s):
c . Privately owned
Comments:
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach Das politische System der Türkei, In. Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 874 et seq.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME005
Question: Which of the following do you believe best describes the print media situation at the national level in your country?
Answer:
b . A single private newspaper holds a monopoly
Comments: there are many newspapers in the hand of a single monopolisitc agency.
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach op. cit. p. 875
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME006
Question: What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of private radio stations?
Answer:
a . Over 60%
Comments:
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach op. cit
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME008
Question: What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of private television stations?
Answer:
a . Over 60%
Comments:
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach op. cit.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME009
Question: In your opinion, which of the following types of media in your country have a public reputation for being independent?
Answer(s):
a . Public radio b . Private radio c . Public television d . Private television e . Print media
Comments: The political influence on media is an existent problem in Turkey, self censoring because of fear of sanctions also a problem, the influence sometimes overlaps the frontiers of a democratic society
Source: Rumpf/steinbach, op. cit.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME014
Question: What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of the public television stations?
Answer:
a . Over 60%
Comments:
Source: Rumpf/steinbach op. cit
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME015
Question: What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of the national level programming of the public radio stations?
Answer:
a . Over 60 %
Comments:
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach, op. cit.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME016
Question: In your opinion, upon which types of media at national level in your country do citizens most rely as a source of information? Mark the most important source with 1, and the second most important source with 2:
Answer(s):
a . Public radio c . Private radio d . Public television f . Private television g . Print media
Comments: Each media has an attitude of heavy self-censoring
Source: Rumpf/steinbach op. cit.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME017
Question: In your opinion, which of the following types of media in your country have a public reputation for being independent?
Answer(s):
a . Public radio b . Private radio c . Public television d . Private television e . Print media
Comments: The political influence on media is an existent problem in Turkey, self censoring because of fear of sanctions also a problem, the influence sometimes overlaps the frontiers of a democratic society
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach, op. cit.
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME020
Question: Who grants licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
Answer:
b . Independent regulator
Comments: RADIO AND TELEVISION SUPREME COUNCIL
Source: Art 16, Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME021
Question: Who is allowed to hold broadcasting licenses?
Answer(s):
b . Private companies
Comments:
Source: Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts
Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME024
Question: What legal instruments are used to regulate media coverage of elections?
Answer(s):
a . Law
Comments:
Source: LAW NO: 298 ..LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS (Electoral Code)
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME025
Question: Which of the following bodies or agencies has a responsibility in the regulation of media coverage of elections?
Answer(s):
a . Statutory regulator (e.g. broadcasting licensing body) g . EMB by law or regulations
Comments:
Source: Art 49 et seq. electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME026
Question: What form does the responsibility, if any, of the EMB to regulate media coverage of elections take?
Answer(s):
b . Requiring balance in media news coverage of an election
Comments:
Source: Art 52 et seq. electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME027
Question: Does the EMB monitor media coverage of elections?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Art 54, 55 electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME028
Question: What form does the authority, if any, of the EMB to enforce remedies or sanctions against the media in case of breach of the rules on media coverage of elections take?
Answer(s):
b . Administrative penalty c . Other (specify)
Comments: ARTICLE 134 (Amended: 2234 17.5.1979) Those who do not obey during the elections the decisions and measures taken by a board mentioned in the present law or by the chairman of such a board in order to ensure the proper conduct of the elections despite warning shall be punishable by prison terms from ten days to one month and by fines from 500 TL to 2,500 TL.
Those who hinder the implementation of such decisions and measures in any manner whatsoever or cause such decisions and measures to be ineffective shall be punishable by terms of prison from one month to six months and by fines from 1,000 TL to 5,000 TL.
If the offences mentioned above are committed by people in charge, the offenders shall be punishable by prison terms from three months to six months for the cases described in the first paragraph above and from six months to one year for the cases described in the second paragraph above, if such offences do not constitute more serious offences according to the Turkish Penal Code. The offenders shall also be punishable by a corresponding ban from public services.
Source: Art 134 Electoral Code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME029
Question: Do political parties or candidates have a right to have their replies to inaccurate or misleading media coverage published promptly and free of charge?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME030
Question: What is the legal liability of the media if they report unlawful statements by candidates during election campaigns (e.g. defamatory or inflammatory speeches)?
Answer(s):
a . Criminal prosecution b . Administrative sanction
Comments:
Source: Art 155, 158, 159 Penal Code, Art 134 electoral Code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME031
Question: Have the media or journalists' organisations adopted a code of ethics specific to elections? Please send us a copy.
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME032
Question: If so, how well do you perceive this code of ethics to be respected?
Answer(s):
b . Usually respected
Comments:
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME033
Question: Which body, if any, is responsible for regulating free or paid access of political parties or candidates to the media during election campaigns.
Answer:
a . EMB
Comments:
Source: Art 54, 55 electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME034
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations provide political parties with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
a . Publicly owned
Comments:
Source: art 52 et seq. Electoral Code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME035
Question: Which of the following types of television stations provide political parties with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
a . Publicly owned
Comments:
Source: art 52 et seq. Electoral Code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME036
Question: Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide political parties with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: art 52 et seq. Electoral Code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME037
Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
Question: What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):
d . Based on mixture of principles (specify)
Comments: Political parties which take part in the election may conduct electioneering activities on radio and television after the 7th day in advance of the election day until 18:00 hours on the day before the election day, provided that the provisions in private laws are reserved.
Political parties shall be given the following electioneering rights: a) two speeches not more than 10 minutes on the first 10 days and the last day to explain their programs and projects, b) an additional 10 minute for political parties having a group in the Grand National Assembly, c) an additional electioneering time of 20 minutes for the party having the political power or the larger one of the parties sharing the power and additional 15 minutes for other parties holding the power
Political parties may also conduct visualised electioneering activities provided that the time used for such activities does not exceed half of electioneering times. Visualised electioneering shall be prepared by producers other than TRT (Turkish Radio & Television Institution). Visualised electioneering is for explaining the activities which have been and will be performed by political parties. Such electioneering shall not include any image to constitute an offence. Such electioneering of political parties shall not be less than two minutes at a time nor shall its total time within a day be more than ten minutes. Political parties may exercise their visualised electioneering rights in more than one channel of TRT. The Supreme Board of Elections shall determine the period of time in which the images shall be delivered to TRT and the times of broadcast of such electioneering by TRT depending on the availability of TRT. If such images contain a matter constituting an offence, the Supreme Board of Elections shall not allow the images be broadcast.
Political parties shall, in their first speeches through the radio and television make their election declarations. Speeches shall be broadcast simultaneously through all radio and television stations in Turkey. The day and time of electioneering speeches through radio and television and the parties to deliver speech shall be announced in advance through news programs by Turkish Radio and Television.
The Supreme Board of Elections and Turkish Radio and Television shall provide that electioneering through radio and television shall be made equitably and impartially.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 52
Verified: 2014/08/04
ME039
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: art 52 et seq. electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME040
Question: Which of the following types of television stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: art 52 et seq. electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME041
Question: Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspaper provide individual candidates (legislative) with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: art 52 electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME042
Question: What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to individual candidates (legislative)?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: art 52 electoral code
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME043
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with paid broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments: There are no paid advertisments
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME044
Question: Which of the following types of television stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with paid broadcast time and/or paid printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments: There are no paid advertisments
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME045
Question: Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide individual candidates (legislative) with printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME046
Question: What are the criteria for allocating paid broadcast time and/or paid printed advertisement space to individual candidates (legislative)?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments: there are no paid advertisements
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME047
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations provide presidential candidates with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments: The president is elected by the members of the Grand National Assembly.
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME048
Question: Which of the following types of television stations provide presidential candidates with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME049
Question: Which of the following daily and weekly newspapers provide presidential candidates with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME050
Question: What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to presidential candidates?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME051
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations provide presidential candidates with paid broadcast time for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME052
Question: Which of the following types of television stations provide presidential candidates with paid broadcast for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME053
Question: Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide presidential candidates with paid printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME054
Question: What are the criteria for allocating paid broadcast time and/or paid printed advertisement space to presidential candidates?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Verified: 2005/03/30
ME059
Television debates
Question: Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):
d . No information available
Comments: Constitution, art. 102 provides that President is elected by the members of Turkish Grand National Assembly. No information is available on the question whether there are debates conducted during legislative elections.
Source:
Verified: 2014/08/04
ME061
Question: Which of the following information in reporting the results of opinion polls are required to be disclosed by law?
Answer(s):
g . None
Comments: Neither the electoral code nor Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994 prescribes
Source: Electoral code, Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME062
Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.
Question: What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:
d . 6-7 days
Comments: Within seven days before the voting date, no broadcasts for or against a specific political party or candidate nor any broadcasts that may influence the citizen's vote through any kind of programmes such as news and interviews or through advertising or public opinion surveys, questionnaires, forecasts, and via information communication telephone lines under labels such as mini-referendums shall be allowed. Those not complying with these restrictions are deemed to have violated the broadcasting standards.
Source: Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts, art.32
Verified: 2014/08/04
ME063
Question: Where, if at all, may exit polls be carried out?
Answer(s):
c . Not permitted
Comments: Not permitted
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME064
Question: If exit polls are permitted, when can the results be disseminated via the media?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments: not permitted
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME065
Question: When are the media, by law, allowed to report preliminary election results?
Answer:
b . After all polls close, before official results are available
Comments: Radios and all broadcasting organisations shall be prohibited from providing news or elections and from making estimations and commenting on the results of election until 18 hours on the day of voting.
Between 18:00 and 21:00 hours, only radios can broadcast news and declarations supplied by the Supreme Board of Elections.
All broadcasting shall be free after 21:00 hours.
Source: Art 80 electoral code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME066
Question: Are the media allowed to project/predict winners before the final results are available?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: Radios and all broadcasting organisations shall be prohibited from providing news or elections and from making estimations and commenting on the results of election until 18 hours on the day of voting.
Between 18:00 and 21:00 hours, only radios can broadcast news and declarations supplied by the Supreme Board of Elections.
All broadcasting shall be free after 21:00 hours.
Source: article 80 electoral code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME067
Question: What resources does the EMB have for its work with the media?
Answer(s):
e . Other (specify)
Comments: N.A.
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME068
Question: Have staff responsible for media relations received training for this work?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: N.A.
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME069
Question: Which of the following has the EMB produced or organised?
Answer(s):
a . Media packs/press kits b . Press releases d . Pre-recorded radio or TV slots e . Web site g . Other (specify)
Comments: posters, bilboards
Source: Sabri Coskun, former deputy Head of Higher Council of elections
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME070
Question: Has the EMB provided or facilitated training for journalists in how the electoral process works?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: N.A.
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME071
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations, provide free broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):
a . Publicly owned
Comments:
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME072
Question: Which of the following television stations provide free broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):
a . Publicly owned
Comments:
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME073
Question: Which of the following daily and weekly newspapers provide free print space to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME074
Question: Which of the following types of radio stations provide paid broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME075
Question: Which of the following types of television stations provide paid broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME076
Question: Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide paid broadcast time or print space to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME077
Question: What steps does the EMB take to make sure that it is communicating its message to the media?
Answer(s):
d . It monitors the media coverage of its own activities. f . Other
Comments: It is obligatory to broadcast the messages via the broadcasters
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME078
Question: Which of the following do you judge to be significant barriers to the EMB in communicating its message to the media?
Answer(s):
d . Other
Comments: The EMB is quite effective
Source: OSCE/ODIHR Assessment Report
Parliamentary Elections, 3 November 2002
Republic of Turkey
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME079
Question: Overall, how effective do you judge the EMB's ability to communicate through the media during election campaigns to be?
Answer:
b . Quite effective
Comments:
Source: OSCE/ODIHR Assessment Report Parliamentary Elections, 3 November 2002 Republic of Turkey
Verified: 2015/06/01
ME080
Question: Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:
c . No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2014/08/04
Direct Democracy
DD002
Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: If a law on the amendment to the Constitution is adopted by a three-fifths or less than two-thirds majority of the total number of members of the Assembly and is not sent back by the President of the Republic to the Assembly for reconsideration, it shall be published in the Official Gazette and be submitted to referendum.
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 175: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD003
Mandatory referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 175: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD004
Optional referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 175: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD005
Citizens' Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: Constitution provides only for mandatory and optional referenda
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD006
Agenda Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: Constitution provides only for mandatory and optional referenda
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD007
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD008
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional
Comments:
Source: Constitution Art 79: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD009
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional
Comments:
Source: Constitution Art. 79: https://global.tbmm.gov.tr/docs/constitution_en.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD010
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD100
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD101
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a recall?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD102
Question: What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a referendum?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD103
Question: What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD104
Question: What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a recall?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD105
Question: Who is responsible for checking the signatures?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD106
Question: Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
Answer(s):
a . Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms
Comments: Higher Council of Elections
Source: Article 1 and ADDITIONAL ARTICLE 1 Electoral Code
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD107
Question: Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in an initiative?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD108
Question: Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a recall?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is permitted
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD109
Question: What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
Answer(s):
c . Radio broadcasts d . TV broadcasts e . Press advertisements g . Other(specify)
Comments: poster, public meetings
Source: Sabri Coskun former Deputy president of Higher Council of Elections
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD011
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD110
Question: What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for an initiative?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD111
Question: What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a recall?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD112
Question: Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
Answer(s):
a . Compulsory registration of campaigners and campaign groups e . Disclosure requirements
Comments: the election campaigning rules are analogous applicable
Source: Additional Article 5, Art 53 electoral Code
Sabri Coskun, former Deputy president of Higher Council of Elections
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD113
Question: Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD114
Question: Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a recall?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD115
Question: What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
Answer:
a . Fixed time period (specify)
Comments: Electioneering activities shall commence on the morning of the tenth day in advance of the election day and terminate at 18:00 hours on the day before the date of election.
Source: Art 49 Electoral Code
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD116
Question: What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD117
Question: What is the period during which these controls apply for a recall?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD118
Question: Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a referendum? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
c . All campaign organisations
Comments:
Source: Art 49 et seq. electoral code
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD119
Question: Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for an initiative? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD012
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD120
Question: Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a recall? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD121
Question: Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a referendum? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
b . Free media access
Comments: the parliamentary election campaignig rules are analogous applicable
Source: additional Art 5, 49 et seq. electoral Code
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD122
Question: Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for an initiative? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD123
Question: Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a recall? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source: IDEA Global Database on Elections and Democracy, Turkey: http://www.idea.int/db/countryview.cfm?id=223
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD125
Question: Is the government permitted to campaign either in favour of or against any specific outcome to a referendum, initiatives or recall vote?
Answer(s):
a . Yes
Comments: During the campaign period, the Prime Minister and Ministers are bound by the provisions of the electoral code in their activities and speeches related to elections. This does not exclude the campaigning, however the limitations and prohibitions are to apply.
Source: Additional Art 5 Art 65 electoral code
Verified: 2016/01/21
DD127
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign for a recall?
Answer:
e . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is permitted
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD015
Question: Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
Answer(s):
b . Independent electoral commission
Comments: Higher Council of Elections
Source: Art 79 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD016
Question: Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Art 79 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD017
Question: Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 104 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD018
Question: Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 104 Constitution
Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit, p. 871.
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD019
Question: Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD020
Question: Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD021
Question: Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is possible
Source: Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD022
Question: Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD023
Question: Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach op. cit
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD024
Question: Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach op. cit
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD025
Question: Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach, HAKAN ALTINTAS - NALAN GUREL - ALI GUREL: DEVOLUTION AND DECENTRALIZATION PATTERNS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN TURKEY
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD026
Question: Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is possible.
Source: Constituiton
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD027
Question: What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments
Comments: Only Constitutional amnedments can be subject of a referndum.
ARTICLE 175. (As amended on May 17, 1987)
The constitutional amendment shall be proposed in writing by at least one-third of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Proposals to amend the Constitution shall be debated twice in the Plenary Session. The adoption of a proposal for an amendment shall require a three-fifths majority of the total number of members of the Assembly by secret ballot.
The consideration and adopting of proposals for the amendment of the Constitution shall be subject to the provisions governing the consideration and adoption of legislation, with the exception of the conditions set forth in this article.
The President of the Republic may refer the laws related to the Constitutional amendments for further consideration. If the Assembly adopts the draft law referred by the President by a two-thirds majority, the President may submit the law to referendum.
If a law is adopted by a three-fifths or less than two-thirds majority of the total number of votes of the Assembly and is not referred by the President for further consideration, it shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall be submitted to referendum.
A law on the Constitutional amendment adopted by a two- thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly directly or if referred back by the President for further consideration, or its articles as considered necessary may be submitted to a referendum by the President. Laws or related articles of the Constitutional amendment not submitted to referendum shall be published in the Official Gazette.
Laws related to Constitutional amendment which are submitted to referendum, shall require the approval of more than half of the valid votes cast.
The Turkish Grand National Assembly, in adopting the laws related to the Constitutional amendment, shall also decide on which provisions shall be submitted to referendum together and which shall be submitted individually.
Source: Art 175 constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD028
Question: What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments
Comments: Only Amandments of the Constituion can be subject of a referendum.
ARTICLE 175. (As amended on May 17, 1987)
The constitutional amendment shall be proposed in writing by at least one-third of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Proposals to amend the Constitution shall be debated twice in the Plenary Session. The adoption of a proposal for an amendment shall require a three-fifths majority of the total number of members of the Assembly by secret ballot.
The consideration and adopting of proposals for the amendment of the Constitution shall be subject to the provisions governing the consideration and adoption of legislation, with the exception of the conditions set forth in this article.
The President of the Republic may refer the laws related to the Constitutional amendments for further consideration. If the Assembly adopts the draft law referred by the President by a two-thirds majority, the President may submit the law to referendum.
If a law is adopted by a three-fifths or less than two-thirds majority of the total number of votes of the Assembly and is not referred by the President for further consideration, it shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall be submitted to referendum.
A law on the Constitutional amendment adopted by a two- thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly directly or if referred back by the President for further consideration, or its articles as considered necessary may be submitted to a referendum by the President. Laws or related articles of the Constitutional amendment not submitted to referendum shall be published in the Official Gazette.
Laws related to Constitutional amendment which are submitted to referendum, shall require the approval of more than half of the valid votes cast.
The Turkish Grand National Assembly, in adopting the laws related to the Constitutional amendment, shall also decide on which provisions shall be submitted to referendum together and which shall be submitted individually.
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD029
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
Answer(s):
b . Adoption of international treaties c . Transfer of authority to international bodies d . National sovereignty, national self-determination e . Conflict between constitutional organs f . Devolution g . Civil service h . Taxes and public expenditure commitments i . Other public policy issues j . Other (specify)
Comments: Only Amendments of the Constitution can be subjects of a referendum.
Source: Art 175 constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD030
Question: Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD031
Question: Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
Answer(s):
c . President
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD032
Question: Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
Answer(s):
c . President d . Legislature
Comments: Drafting of the question is practically the constitution amending law.
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD033
Question: Who is responsible for drafting the optional referendum question?
Answer(s):
c . President d . Legislature
Comments: The constitutional amendment shall be proposed in writing by at least one-third of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Proposals to amend the Constitution shall be debated twice in the Plenary Session. The adoption of a proposal for an amendment shall require a three-fifths majority of the total number of members of the Assembly by secret ballot.
The consideration and adopting of proposals for the amendment of the Constitution shall be subject to the provisions governing the consideration and adoption of legislation, with the exception of the conditions set forth in this article.
The President of the Republic may refer the laws related to the Constitutional amendments for further consideration. If the Assembly adopts the draft law referred by the President by a two-thirds majority, the President may submit the law to referendum.
If a law is adopted by a three-fifths or less than two-thirds majority of the total number of votes of the Assembly and is not referred by the President for further consideration, it shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall be submitted to referendum.
A law on the Constitutional amendment adopted by a two- thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly directly or if referred back by the President for further consideration, or its articles as considered necessary may be submitted to a referendum by the President. Laws or related articles of the Constitutional amendment not submitted to referendum shall be published in the Official Gazette.
Laws related to Constitutional amendment which are submitted to referendum, shall require the approval of more than half of the valid votes cast.
The Turkish Grand National Assembly, in adopting the laws related to the Constitutional amendment, shall also decide on which provisions shall be submitted to referendum together and which shall be submitted individually.
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD034
Question: Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
Answer(s):
a . The title of the proposal b . The numbers of the articles or paragraphs of the legal instruments to which changes are proposed d . The full text of the proposal
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD035
Question: Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the optional referendum question?
Answer(s):
a . The title of the proposal b . The numbers of the articles or paragraphs of the legal instruments to which changes are proposed d . The full text of the proposal
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD036
Question: Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
Answer(s):
c . President
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD037
Question: Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
Answer(s):
c . President
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD040
Question: What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
Answer(s):
a . Simple majority (>50%)
Comments:
Source: Electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD041
Question: What are the requirements for optional referendums to pass?
Answer(s):
a . Simple majority (>50%)
Comments:
Source: Electoral Code
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD042
Question: In which areas, if any, do regulatory provisions differ between a referendum and a national election? Tick all that apply and specify below in the comments section.
Answer(s):
f . Other
Comments: No difference
Source: Art 67 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD043
Question: When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
Answer:
a . Always
Comments:
Source: Art 175 constitution, electoral code
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD044
Question: When is the outcome of an optional referendum binding?
Answer:
a . Always
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD045
Question: Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit.
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD046
Question: Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD047
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of a citizens' initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments b . Adoption of international treaties c . Transfer of authority d . National sovereignty, national self-determination e . Conflict between constitutional organs f . Devolution g . Civil service h . Taxes and public expenditure commitments i . Other public policy issues j . Other (specify)
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD048
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of an agenda initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments b . Adoption of international treaties c . Transfer of authority d . National sovereignty, national self-determination e . Conflict between constitutional organs f . Devolution g . Civil service h . Taxes and public expenditure commitments i . Other public policy issues j . Other (specify)
Comments:
Source: art 88 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbahc, op. cit
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD049
Question: Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative? Please specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD050
Question: Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative? Please specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD051
Question: What material is necessary to accompany an application for registration?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD052
Question: Who determines the title of a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD053
Question: Who determines the title of an agenda initiative?
Answer:
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD054
Question: Which, if any, of the following disqualify a proposed title of an initiative?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD055
Question: Which services are provided by the agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms before an initiative can be published?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD056
Question: Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD057
Question: If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, who is responsible for undertaking it?
Answer(s):
f . Other (specify)
Comments: Not applicable
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD058
Question: If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD059
Question: Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD060
Question: At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
Answer(s):
d . Not at all
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD061
Question: What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
Answer:
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD062
Question: When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD063
Question: Who decides the final ballot text?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD064
Question: Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD065
Question: Which of the following individuals/positions may be subject to the recall mechanism?
Answer(s):
k . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is permitted.
Source: Constitution, Electoral code
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD066
Question: What are the grounds upon which a recall may be launched?
Answer(s):
e . None
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source: Constituion
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD068
Question: If a recall qualifies for the ballot, when is it put to the vote?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD069
Question: When does the election to replace an individual who has been recalled take place?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments: see d.1.1.
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD071
Question: Can an individual who is the subject of a recall stand on the ballot for his/her own replacement?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments: see D.1.1.
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD076
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional) has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD077
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a rejective referendum (optional) has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD078
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a citizens' initiative has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Consitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD079
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an agenda initiative has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD080
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD081
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD082
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD083
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD085
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for recall has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is pwermitted
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD087
Question: Where can proposals for an abrogative referendum (optional) be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD088
Question: Where can proposals for a rejective referendum (optional) be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD089
Question: Where can proposals for a citizens' initiative be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD090
Question: Where can proposals for an agenda initiative be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 88 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD091
Question: Where can proposals for a recall be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is poossible
Source:
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD092
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Cosntitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD093
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD094
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD095
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD096
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a recall?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments: No recall is permitted
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD097
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD098
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD099
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD129
Question: Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:
a . Always binding
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook, 2008: http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD130
Question: Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:
a . Constitutional changes only
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 79 (6)
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook, 2008: http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2015/06/01
DD131
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook, 2008: http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Verified: 2015/06/01
Voting Operations
VO001
Question: Approximately what percentage (on the basis of cost) of election day supplies and equipment are obtained or produced within the country?
Answer:
a . 91-100%
Comments: 100 %
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO002
Question: Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 22: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO003
Electors vote at
Question: Where can electors vote?
Answer(s):
a . At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Comments:
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 2, 74, 75 & 90: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO004
Voting outside the country is permitted for
Question: Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s):
b . Citizens residing outside the country
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, art. 67
Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 94: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO005
Locations for voting outside of the country
Question: If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s):
c . Special polling stations
Comments: Polling station located at customs gates.
Source: Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 94: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO006
Question: Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
Answer:
b . Yes
Comments:
Source: Council of Europe, Observation of the parliamentary elections in Turkey (7 June 2015): http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=21834&lang=en
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO007
Question: If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
Answer(s):
a . At special advance polling centers
Comments: At customs gates.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO008
Question: If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
Answer(s):
f . Other
Comments: Citizens who will be outside the country.
Source: Council of Europe, Observation of the parliamentary elections in Turkey (7 June 2015): http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=21834&lang=en
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO009
Question: Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO011
Voting method
Question: How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s):
a . Manually marking of ballots
Comments:
Source: Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 28: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/21
VO012
How many staff are assigned to each polling station?
The smallest polling station: 7
The largest polling station: 7
Average per polling station:
Source
Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections,
arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Verified
2009/07/05
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