Info
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Users should be aware that data may be inaccurate. If you find inaccuracies please
contact the ACE facilitators .
Boundary Delimitation
BD001
Delimitation of constituencies
Question: Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The Electoral Commission shall divide the constituencies into such number of polling districts as it shall consider fit
17 multi-member electoral constituencies.
Source: Representation of the People, part 3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Inter-Parliamentary Union (http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2345_B.htm)
Verified: 2016/01/25
BD002
Question: The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
Answer(s):
c . The Electoral Management Body
Comments: The Electoral Commission shall divide the constituencies into such number of polling districts as it shall consider fit
Source: Representation of the People, part 3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/25
BD003
Criteria for drawing boundaries
Question: On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: The six provinces and two municipalities of the country are delimited into six single-member
and 11 multi-member electoral districts, containing altogether over 309 polling stations. There are severe disparities between the electoral districts in terms of size of population, resources and geographical features
Source: Vanuatu: Limitations to the Independence of the EMB: https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
Verified: 2016/01/25
BD004
Question: If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
Answer:
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/25
BD005
Body responsible for drawing boundaries
Question: The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: The President acting on the advice of the Electoral Commission.
"“constituency” means one of the constituencies into which Vanuatu is divided by Order made by the President acting on the advice of the Electoral Commission..."
"The parliamentary seats and constituencies established by the Representative Assembly (Constituencies and Membership) Regulation No. 22 of 1979 shall remain the parliamentary seats and constituencies of Vanuatu until changed or replaced by an Order made by the President acting on the advice of the Electoral Commission."
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 1 & 70 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/25
Electoral Systems
ES001
Head of State
Question: How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):
e . Elected by electoral college or committee
Comments: The President of the Republic shall be elected, in accordance with Schedule 1, by secret ballot by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the chairmen of Local Government Councils
Source: Constitution, art. 34 & schedule 1: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES002
Head of Government
Question: How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:
c . Indirectly elected by legislature/chosen by parliament
Comments: The Prime Minister is elected by the absolute majority of the members of parliament by secret ballot.
Source: Constitution, art. 41 & schedule 2: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES003
President
Question: Does the country have a president?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution, art. 33: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES004
Number of Chambers
Question: The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:
a . One chamber
Comments: The legislature consists of a single chamber known as Parliament.
Source: Constitution, art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES005
Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
f . Single Non-Transferable Vote
Comments: The Constitution states, "Parliament shall consist of members elected on the basis of universal franchise through an electoral system which includes an element of proportional representation so as to ensure fair representation of different political groups and opinions."
The Republic of Vanuatu is the only democracy today that employs what is known as the Single Non-Transferable Vote
Multiple members may be elected in some electoral constituencies, but choose only one candidate, regardless. The candidates with the most votes in each district, equal to the number of seats allotted to that constituency, shall be elected.
Source: Constitution, art. 17: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
http://www.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/Institutes/piasdg/Electoral_Systems_2004/es2004_vanTrease.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES006
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
k . The national legislature consists of one chamber only
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the republic of Vanuatu, art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES007
Question: If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
Answer:
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES008
Question: What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
Answer(s):
b . Specially delimited constituencies
Comments: There are 17 Constituencies, district magnititure ranges from 1 to 7.
Source: Van Trease, H. University of Hawaii at Hilo (10 July 2004) Operation of the single non transferable vote in Vanuatu, paper delivered at the Political Culture, Representation and Electoral Systems in the Pacific conference Vanuatu. Available online at http://www.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/Institutes/piasdg/Electoral_Systems_2004/es2004_vanTrease.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES009
Question: What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the republic of Vanuatu, art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES010
Question: Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES012
Question: Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
Answer:
c . The national legislature consists of one chamber only
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the republic of Vanuatu, art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES014
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
Answer:
b . Specify the percentage:
Comments: 1/(n+1) fraction of the vote, where n=the number of seats being contested
Source: Van Trease, H. University of Hawaii at Hilo (10 July 2004) Operation of the single non transferable vote in Vanuatu, paper delivered at the Political Culture, Representation and Electoral Systems in the Pacific conference Vanuatu. Available online at http://www.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/Institutes/piasdg/Electoral_Systems_2004/es2004_vanTrease.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES015
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES016
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
Answer:
b . Specify the percentage:
Comments: 1/(n+1) fraction of the vote, where n=the number of seats being contested
Source: Van Trease, H. University of Hawaii at Hilo (10 July 2004) Operation of the single non transferable vote in Vanuatu, paper delivered at the Political Culture, Representation and Electoral Systems in the Pacific conference Vanuatu. Available online at http://www.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/Institutes/piasdg/Electoral_Systems_2004/es2004_vanTrease.pdf
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES017
Question: What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES018
Question: Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
Answer(s):
a . At fixed intervals (specify length) b . Elections can be called at any time (specify by whom)
Comments: (1) Parliament, unless sooner dissolved under paragraph (2) or (3), shall continue for 4 years from the date of its election
(2) Parliament may at any time decide, by resolution supported by the votes of an absolute majority of the members at a special sitting when at least three-fourths of the members are present, to dissolve Parliament. At least 1 week's notice of such a motion shall be given to the Speaker before the debate and the vote on it.
(3) The President of the Republic may, on the advice of the Council of Ministers, dissolve Parliament.
(4) General elections shall be held not earlier than 30 days and not later than 60 days after any dissolution.
(5) There shall be no dissolution of Parliament within 12 months of the general elections following a dissolution under subarticle (2) or (3).
Source: Constitution of the republic of Vanuatu Article 28 (1-5): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES019
Question: Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu article 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES020
Question: Regarding Chamber 1 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):
Answer:
a . Voting takes place on one day
Comments: Subject to article 28(4) of the Constitution polling day shall be a day fixed for an election or the commencement of an election by the President acting on the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Electoral Commission and the Principal Electoral Officer
Source: Representation of the People Act (Cap 146) article 21: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
ES021
Question: Regarding Chamber 2 elections (excluding advance voting, postal voting, etc):
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu article 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
Legislative Framework
LF001
Status of Electoral Law
Question: What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Part of Constitution b . Separate legislation c . Decree
Comments: There are provisions in the Constitution on elections. The main electoral law is the Representation of the People Act. In addition, the President in consultation with the Electoral Commission determines the electoral constituencies and the number of seats per constituency.
Source: Constitution, art. 17-20: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Representation of the People Act, as amended: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/03/19
LF002
Question: What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
Answer:
a . January 2000 or later
Comments: Representation of the People Act was brought into law in 1981, was last amended 2006
Source: Representation of the People Amendment Act as amended 2006: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
LF003
Electoral Law covers
Question: The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):
a . National elections
Comments:
Source: Representation of the People Act: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
LF004
Compulsory/voluntary voting
Question: Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):
a . Voting is voluntary
Comments: "Most importantly, registration and voting is not compulsory in Vanuatu"
Source: http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/294617/lack-of-vanuatu-voter-awareness-irks-commission
Verified: 2025/03/19
LF007
Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)
Question: What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
a . Judiciary
Comments: Every election petition shall be heard by the Supreme Court
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 54 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/03/19
LF008
Question: If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
LF009
Question: Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
Answer(s):
a . Candidates c . Voters
Comments: An election petition may be presented by one or more of the following –
a person who is registered to vote at the election to which the petition relates;
(b) a person claiming himself to have been a candidate at such election.
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap (146) Article 55 (a) and (b): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
LF010
Question: What body(ies) is the final appellate authority for formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
c . Superior Court
Comments: Every election petition shall be heard by the Supreme Court
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap (146) Article 54 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
LF011
Question: Which body(ies) proposes electoral reforms?
Answer(s):
a . Election Management Body
Comments: The Electoral Commission shall not more than 3 months after receiving the report of the Principal Electoral Officer make a report to Parliament concerning the conduct of the election which shall include a statement on the overall cost thereof, information on difficulties encountered and how they were dealt with and recommendations for improvements and changes in procedure for future elections
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap (146) Article 39 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
Electoral Management
EM002
Responsibility of national EMB
Question: Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):
a . National level b . Regional level c . Local level d . Other kinds of elections (church, union, etc.) Please specify.
Comments: The Electoral Commission shall have general responsibility for and shall supervise the registration of electors and the conduct of elections to Parliament, the National Council of Chiefs, local government and municipal councils
Source: Constitution, art. 20 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM003
Question: The national electoral management body reports to:
Answer(s):
d . A national government department
Comments: The Electoral Commission shall not more than 3 months after receiving the report of the Principal Electoral Officer make a report to Parliament concerning the conduct of the election which shall include a statement on the overall cost thereof, information on difficulties encountered and how they were dealt with and recommendations for improvements and changes in procedure for future elections
Source: Representation of the People Act CAP 146 article 39 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM004
EMB budget determined by
Question: The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):
c . The legislature f . Donors
Comments: The Commission and its Electoral Office are financed through an annual appropriation from
Parliament
There is also a tradition of donor funding of certain aspects of the election process
Source: Bolenga, Jeannette (2006): Vanuatu: Limitations to the
Independence of the EMB. Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook. (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_CS_Vanuatu.pdf)
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM005
EMB expenditures controlled by
Question: The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: The Principal Electoral Officer shall in particular be responsible for –
(a) control of electoral expenditure
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 3 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM006
Term of EMB members
Question: The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:
b . For a specified number of years
Comments: A chairman or a member of the Commission shall vacate his office – (a) at the expiration of 5 years from the date of his appointment
Source: Constitution, art. 18 (3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM007
Question: The national electoral management body chairperson, or equivalent, is chosen in the following way:
Answer(s):
d . Presidential/ Prime Minister appointment
Comments: The Electoral Commission has a chair and two other members who are appointed by the president for a term of five years on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission
Source: https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM012
Electoral Management model
Question: What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:
b . Independent
Comments: The Electoral Commission is an appointed independent body, but the Principal Electoral Officer is a public servant. The role of supervising and executing elections procedures is divides between the two, with most of the technical responsibilities given to the Principal Electoral Officer.
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 2.: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Constitution, art. 18-20.: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM013
Number of EMB members
Question: The EMB is composed of:
Answer:
a . 1 - 10 members (specify)
Comments: The Electoral Commission is composed of: 3 members.
The Principal Electoral Officer is a single public servant.
Source: Constitution, art. 18-19: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM014
Membership based on
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:
e . No Information Available
Comments: The members of the Electoral Commission are appointed by the President. The Principal Electoral Officer is a designated public servant.
Source: Constitution, art. 18-20: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
EM015
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):
a . Head of State i . Other
Comments: The Electoral Commission members are selected by the President in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission.
The Principal Electoral Officer is a public servant.
Source: Constitution, art. 18-19: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
Voter Education
VE001
Information campaigns performed by
Question: Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):
a . National Electoral Management Body g . NGOs/ Civic Organizations i . Media k . Other
Comments:
Source: Representation of the People Act, art. 3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/03/25
VE002
Frequency of voter education programs
Question: At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:
d . No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2025/03/25
VE003
National civic education
Question: Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):
b . Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
Comments: John Taleo says the commission will step up awareness campaigns get people to register as sooner ahead of the next election
Source: http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/294617/lack-of-vanuatu-voter-awareness-irks-commission
Verified: 2025/03/25
VE004
Question: What types of voter education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Poster/ Billboard campaigns b . Media advertisement
Comments: "The [Commonwealth Observer] Group commended the media for the positive role it played in creating awareness of the election issues and the campaign"
Source: http://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/vanuatu-general-election-interim-statement#sthash.iQtnOpPA.dpuf
Verified: 2016/01/26
VE006
Question: Special voter education programs were developed at the most recent national elections for:
Answer(s):
a . Disabled c . Women
Comments: Polling officials were given instructions as how to best assist disabled people. Workshops were conducted for potential female candidates, designed by Women’s groups. None by the EMB.
Source: Election Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/26
Voter Registration
VR001
Voting age
Question: What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:
c . 18
Comments: A person shall be eligible for registration in the electoral list for the polling district in which he is a resident at the time of the preparation of the electoral list if he –
(a) is a citizen; and
(b) will have attained 18 years on or before the qualifying date
Source: Representation of the People Act, art. 9(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
VR002
Other voting requirements
Question: Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Citizenship
Comments: A person shall be eligible for registration in the electoral list for the polling district in which he is a resident at the time of the preparation of the electoral list if he –
(a) is a citizen; and
(b) will have attained 18 years on or before the qualifying date
Source: Representation of the People Act, art. 9(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
VR003
Question: What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/26
VR004
Authority responsible for voter registration
Question: Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:
d . Election Management Body (specify)
Comments: The Principal Electoral Officer shall have such powers and functions relating to such registration and elections as may be prescribed by Parliament
Source: Constitution, art. 20(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
VR005
Question: What is the registration method for national elections?
Answer:
b . Voters register
Comments: The Principal Electoral Officer shall appoint a registration officer for each constituency. Registration officers shall each year draw up electoral lists for the purpose of compiling electoral rolls
Source: Representation of the People Act CAP 146 articles 6 (1) and (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
VR006
Question: How frequently is the voters register updated?
Answer:
b . Annually
Comments: Registration officers shall each year draw up electoral lists for the purpose of compiling electoral rolls
Source: Representation of the People Act CAP 146 art. 6(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
VR007
Question: What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
Answer(s):
e . Appearance by voter at registration office
Comments: Each voter is required to produce two witnesses to confirm their eligibility in the polling district of their residence to the ROs
Source: https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
Verified: 2016/01/26
VR008
Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Question: Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: Eligibility to vote and registration are not automatic
Source: https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
Verified: 2016/01/26
Parties and Candidates
PC001
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
d . No registration required
Comments: The Constitution allows political parties to form freely. There is no legal provision for the registration of political parties, though the Electoral Office maintains a registry.
Source: Bolenga, Jeannette (2006): Vanuatu: Limitations to the
Independence of the EMB. Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook. (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_CS_Vanuatu.pdf); Constitution art. 4 (3).
Verified: 2025/03/27
PC002
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 2)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
g . No information available h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the republic of Vanuatu, article 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC003
Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Age b . Citizenship
Comments: Subject to section 23 a person shall be eligible to stand as a candidate for election to Parliament if he –
(a) is not disqualified from voting;
has not received a sentence including a suspended sentence of a term or terms of imprisonment which has not ended;
is not an undischarged bankrupt;
has attained 25 years of age; and
is a citizen
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 24(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/03/27
PC004
Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 2)
Question: What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
k . No information available l . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu, art. 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC005
Question: What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
a . Age b . Citizenship c . Country of birth
Comments: Any indigenous Vanuatu citizen qualified to be elected to Parliament shall be eligible for election as President of the Republic
Source: Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu Article 35: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Representation of the People Act CAP 146 Article 24: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC006
Question: What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
Answer(s):
a . Current criminal incarceration g . Holding of government office h . Bankruptcy or Insolvency n . Holding of other public offices (police etc.) o . Other
Comments: The following persons shall not be qualified as candidates for election to Parliament –
the President of the Republic;
(b) judges and magistrates;
(c) members of the police force;
(d) members of the National Council of Chiefs, any member of the District Council of Chiefs, Island Council of Chiefs and Area Council of Chiefs, who holds the position of chairman, vice-chairman, secretary or treasurer of these councils;
(e) public servants;
members of the teaching service; and
(g) members of the Citizenship Commission
Subject to section 23 a person shall be eligible to stand as a candidate for election to Parliament if he –
(a) is not disqualified from voting;
has not received a sentence including a suspended sentence of a term or terms of imprisonment which has not ended;
is not an undischarged bankrupt;
has attained 25 years of age; and
is a citizen
Source: Representation of the People Act CAP 146 Article 24 (a), (b), and (C) and Article 23 (a-g): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC007
Question: What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
a . Current criminal incarceration d . Naturalization g . Holding of government office h . Bankruptcy or insolvency n . Holding of other public offices (police etc.) p . Other
Comments: Any indigenous Vanuatu citizen qualified to be elected to Parliament shall be eligible for election as President of the Republic
Source: Representation of the People Act CAP 146 Article 24 (a), (b), and (C) and Article 23 (a-g).
Source for D. Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu article 35.
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC008
Independent candidates
Question: Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):
e . In both presidential and legislative elections
Comments: There are no provisions requiring affiliation with a political party to be a presidential or parliamentary candidate. Candidates are elected as individuals, irrespective of their political party affiliation.
Source: Constitution; Representation of the People Act, as amended: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
Verified: 2025/03/27
PC009
Question: If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
c . No registration requirement
Comments: Registration is not mandatory and there is no legal provision for the registration of political
parties, although the PEO maintains a register
Source: https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC010
Question: If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC011
Question: If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
Answer(s):
c . No registration requirement
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC012
Public funding of parties
Question: Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):
a . No
Comments: No provisions for public financing of political parties.
Source: Constitution; Representation of the People Act, as amended.
Verified: 2025/03/27
PC013
Question: If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
Answer(s):
d . Not Applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC014
Question: If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
Answer(s):
e . Not Applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC015
Question: What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments: There is no public funding of political parties.
Source: Constitution; Representation of the People Act, as amended.
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC016
Question: If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
Answer(s):
e . Not Applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
PC017
Question: Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: Political Parties are established as private organizations. There is no regulation of their funding
Some political parties choose to register under the Charitable Organizations (Incorporation) Act
"Candidates of the Vanuatu Presidential Party are funded externally,” [the VPIEF] added saying “some of them (candidates) who have business back up pay their own fees while fees for some others are paid for by sources outside of VPIEF.” "
Source: Constitution; Representation of the People Act, as amended.
https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/em/electoral-management-case-studies/vanuatu-limitations-to-the-independence-of-the-emb
http://dailypost.vu/news/vanuatu-presidential-party-is-not-financed-by-vpief/article_07516aca-c8c7-5190-82a2-c27b6260df59.html?mode=jqm
Verified: 2025/03/27
PC018
Question: If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
Answer(s):
c . As related to the election period and between elections
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
Vote Counting
VC001
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
b . Multi-ballot (each party has own ballot, voter picks one ballot and places in envelope) e . Ability to vote for candidates within parties (personal vote)
Comments: Immediately on receipt of the ballot papers and envelope a voter shall –
(a) enter a polling booth;
(b) record his vote by placing the ballot paper bearing the name and symbol of his chosen candidate in the envelope;
(c) leave all other ballot papers in the booth
Source: Representation of the People Act, Schedule 5 (10)(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC002
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
Answer(s):
s . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC003
Question: What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
Answer(s):
r . Other
Comments: r. Chief Justice Decides
Source: Election of the President (1998) Article 9: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-election-of-the-president-2006/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC004
Votes are sorted/counted at
Question: Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:
a . The polling stations
Comments: Counting is done immediately after the poling stations close.
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, Schedule 5 (16): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC005
Question: What procedures are used in the initial count?
Answer(s):
b . Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box d . Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters e . Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused) f . Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud h . Double tallying as voters are being called out i . Tallying by party representative and/or observers as votes are being called out j . Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate l . Counted by hand s . Copies of results are provided to party agents
Comments: Immediately a poll is closed the returning officer shall administer the counting of the votes which shall be done by –
(a) opening the ballot box or boxes;
(b) the returning officer removing all envelopes from each box;
(c) the returning officer taking the ballot papers from the envelopes;
(d) the returning officer reading out the name on each ballot paper;
(e) the polling clerks recording the number of votes cast for each candidate on 2 tally sheets provided for that purpose.
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146 Section 37. Schedule 5 number 16: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC006
Question: Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
Answer(s):
e . National level
Comments: The report and the sealed packets referred to in subrule (6) shall be delivered to the registration officer responsible for the constituency in which the poll was taken by the returning officer or by a person instructed by him
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146 Section 37. Schedule 5 number 19 (8): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC007
Question: At what levels are seats allocated?
Answer(s):
c . Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
Comments: C. Constituency
Source: . Representation of the People (Parliamentary Electoral constituencies and seats) regulations.
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC008
Question: How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
Answer(s):
a . Physically transported
Comments: The police are responsible for distributing the ballot boxes to and from the polling places to a centralised counting centre.
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146 Section 37. Schedule 5 number 19 (8): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC009
Question: If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
Answer(s):
a . Ballots b . Unused and spoiled ballots f . Certificate of result h . Other
Comments: After it has been signed the report shall be placed in a sealed envelope.
(6) The returning officer shall also seal in separate packets the counted and void ballot papers and endorse on each packet –
a description of its contents;
(b) the date of polling; and
(c) the name and number of the polling station.
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146 Section 37. Schedule 5 number 19 (2-7): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC010
Question: If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
Answer(s):
c . Signatures on sealed envelopes h . Accompanied by police or other security personnel
Comments:
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146 Section 37. Schedule 5 number 19 (7): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC011
When are ballots recounted?
Question: Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):
d . By request e . Court order
Comments: A return observer representing a particular candidate's campaign may request as many recounts as the returning officer finds reasonable for a particular polling station. The Supreme Court may order an investigation of the vote count as part of an investigation raised by an election petition.
Source: Representation of the People Act, Art. 62 & Schedule 5 (18): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC012
Question: If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
Answer:
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146, article 62.
Verified: 2009/11/04
VC013
Question: If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
Answer(s):
b . An individual candidate f . Other
Comments: An election petition may be presented by one or more of the following –
a person who is registered to vote at the election to which the petition relates;
(b) a person claiming himself to have been a candidate at such election
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146, article 55 (A) and (B): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC014
Question: If recounted, who conducts the recount?
Answer(s):
h . Courts
Comments: The Electoral Commission performs recounts in Court
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146, article 62: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC017
Question: Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146 Section 37. Schedule 5 number 21 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
VC018
Question: How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)
Answer:
b . days:
Comments: 7-14 days
Source: Representation of the People Act Cap 146 Section 37. Schedule 5 number 21 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
Media and Elections
ME037
Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
Question: What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments: There are no provisions for either free broadcast time or free printed advertisement space to be allocated to political parties.
Source: Constitution; Representation of the People Act, as amended.
Verified: 2025/04/03
ME059
Television debates
Question: Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):
d . No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2025/04/03
ME062
Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.
Question: What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:
g . No information available
Comments: There are no references to any blackout period in the Electoral Law.
Source:
Verified: 2025/04/03
ME080
Question: Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: There are no provisions regulating the expenditures and financing of political parties.
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended.
Verified: 2025/04/03
Direct Democracy
DD002
Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: A bill for an amendment of a provision of the Constitution regarding the status of Bislama, English and French, the electoral system, or the parliamentary system, passed by Parliament under Article 85, shall not come into effect unless it has been supported in a national referendum.
Source: Constitution, art. 86: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD003
Mandatory referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: A bill for an amendment of a provision of the Constitution regarding the status of Bislama, English and French, the electoral system, or the parliamentary system, passed by Parliament under Article 85, shall not come into effect unless it has been supported in a national referendum.
Source: Constitution, art. 86: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD004
Optional referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: No provisions for optional referenda in the Constitution.
Source: Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD005
Citizens' Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: No provisions for citizen's initiatives at the national level.
Source: Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD006
Agenda Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: No.
Source: Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD007
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments: No.
Source: Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD009
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD010
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD100
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD101
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a recall?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD102
Question: What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a referendum?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD103
Question: What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD104
Question: What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a recall?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD105
Question: Who is responsible for checking the signatures?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD106
Question: Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD107
Question: Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in an initiative?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD108
Question: Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a recall?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD109
Question: What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD011
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD110
Question: What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for an initiative?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD111
Question: What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a recall?
Answer(s):
i . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD112
Question: Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD113
Question: Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD114
Question: Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a recall?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD115
Question: What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD116
Question: What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD117
Question: What is the period during which these controls apply for a recall?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD118
Question: Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a referendum? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD119
Question: Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for an initiative? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD012
Question: What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD120
Question: Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a recall? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD121
Question: Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a referendum? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD122
Question: Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for an initiative? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD123
Question: Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a recall? Specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD127
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign for a recall?
Answer:
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD016
Question: Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2009/08/18
DD017
Question: Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
a . Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD018
Question: Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD019
Question: Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD020
Question: Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD021
Question: Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD022
Question: Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
c . No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD023
Question: Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD024
Question: Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD025
Question: Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD026
Question: Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD027
Question: What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Constitutional amendments i . Other public policy issues j . Other (specify)
Comments: A bill for an amendment of a provision of the Constitution regarding the status of Bislama, English and French, the electoral system, or the parliamentary system, passed by Parliament under Article 85, shall not come into effect unless it has been supported in a national referendum
Source: Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD028
Question: What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
Answer(s):
l . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD030
Question: Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD031
Question: Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
Answer(s):
a . Government c . President d . Legislative majority e . Registered electors
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD040
Question: What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
Answer(s):
b . Qualified majority (specify % below)
Comments: 2/3 majority
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD042
Question: In which areas, if any, do regulatory provisions differ between a referendum and a national election? Tick all that apply and specify below in the comments section.
Answer(s):
c . Postal voting
Comments: no postal vote in referendums.
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD045
Question: Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD046
Question: Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD047
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of a citizens' initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):
l . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD048
Question: Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of an agenda initiative at the national level?
Answer(s):
l . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD049
Question: Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative? Please specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD050
Question: Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative? Please specify in the "Comments" section below.
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD051
Question: What material is necessary to accompany an application for registration?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD052
Question: Who determines the title of a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD054
Question: Which, if any, of the following disqualify a proposed title of an initiative?
Answer(s):
h . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD055
Question: Which services are provided by the agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms before an initiative can be published?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD056
Question: Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
Answer(s):
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD058
Question: If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD059
Question: Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD060
Question: At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD061
Question: What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
Answer:
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD062
Question: When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD063
Question: Who decides the final ballot text?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD064
Question: Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD065
Question: Which of the following individuals/positions may be subject to the recall mechanism?
Answer(s):
k . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD066
Question: What are the grounds upon which a recall may be launched?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD068
Question: If a recall qualifies for the ballot, when is it put to the vote?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD071
Question: Can an individual who is the subject of a recall stand on the ballot for his/her own replacement?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD076
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional) has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD077
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a rejective referendum (optional) has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD078
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a citizens' initiative has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD079
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an agenda initiative has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD080
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD081
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD082
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD083
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD085
Question: What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for recall has been published?
Answer:
c . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD086
Question: What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a recall?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD087
Question: Where can proposals for an abrogative referendum (optional) be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD088
Question: Where can proposals for a rejective referendum (optional) be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD089
Question: Where can proposals for a citizens' initiative be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD090
Question: Where can proposals for an agenda initiative be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD091
Question: Where can proposals for a recall be signed?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD092
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD093
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2007/01/09
DD094
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD095
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an agenda initiative?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD096
Question: What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a recall?
Answer(s):
e . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD097
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD098
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD099
Question: What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a citizens' initiative?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source: Electoral Commission of Vanuatu
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD129
Question: Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:
a . Always binding
Comments: Referenda on Constitutional Amendments regarding the status of Bislama, English and French, the electoral system, or the parliamentary system, passed by Parliament under Article 85, are always binding.
Source: Constitution, art. 86: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD130
Question: Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:
a . Constitutional changes only
Comments:
Source: Constitution, art. 86: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD131
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:
c . No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD132
Year of introducing Direct Democracy
Question: What year were the first Direct Democracy mechanisms introduced to the legal framework?
Answer:
e . 1961-1980
Comments: 1980
Source: Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
Verified: 2016/01/27
DD133
Question: What year was the first referendum/initiative held?
Answer:
h . No information available
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2009/08/18
Voting Operations
VO002
Question: Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: In the form of Instructions to Polling Officials
Source: Representation of the People Act, art.3(2)(j): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2016/01/26
VO003
Electors vote at
Question: Where can electors vote?
Answer(s):
a . At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections h . By proxy
Comments: a) At a specific polling station in the locality where they are registered on the electoral roll in their polling district.
h) Proxy application must be provided at least 72 hours before election time.
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 31 & art. 34: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/04/10
VO004
Voting outside the country is permitted for
Question: Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s):
b . Citizens residing outside the country c . Citizens outside the country (including those on vacation)
Comments:
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 11(1) & 34 (schedule 4, part. 1(1)): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/04/10
VO005
Locations for voting outside of the country
Question: If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s):
c . Special polling stations d . By proxy
Comments: c) Special polling stations (specified in electoral roll) by proxy, plus one overseas polling station in Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Source: Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 5 & 34 (schedule 4, part.1(1)): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/04/10
VO006
Question: Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
Answer:
a . No
Comments: No, they can't, but by proxy voting via proxy card if unable to attend.
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
VO007
Question: If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
Answer(s):
f . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
VO008
Question: If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
VO009
Question: Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source:
Verified: 2016/01/26
VO011
Voting method
Question: How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: by manually picking and inserting a simple ballot into a ballot envelope before depositing into the ballot box.
Source: Representation of the People Act, art. 37 (schedule 5(10)(2)): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
Verified: 2025/04/10
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