|
total países/territorios: 234
|
|---|
| País/Territorio |
Respuestas |
Respuestas |
Verificado |
|
Afganistán
|
f. Voto único no transferible
|
Fuente:
Afghan Electoral Law, art. 22: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/Electoral%20Law%20Eng.pdf/view (2014);
Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 83: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015).
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Code: Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, art. 162-163.
|
2017/05/17
|
|
Alemania
|
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
Fuente:
Federal Elections Act, Section 1
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/4ff317c1-041f-4ba7-bbbf-1e5dc45097b3/bundeswahlgesetz_engl.pdf
Constitution, Art 38
https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.pdf
|
2025/03/06
|
|
Andorra
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
14 miembros del Consejo General de Andorra son elegidos por voto de representación proporcional en una sola circunscripción nacional. Los 14 miembros restantes son elegidos por mayoría de votos en distritos electorales de varios escaños (2 escaños para cada una de las 7 parroquias).
Fuente:
Constitution of the Principality of Andorra, Art.52 https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-constitution-1993-1/ ;
IFES Electoral guide Andorra: https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/4032/
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Each of the 18 provinces elect 5 members on the basis of Closed-List Proportional Representation. Another 130 seats are awarded using the entire country as a single multi-member constituency and using a PR electoral formula. Three seats are held by representatives of Angolans living abroad. There are 223 seats in total.
Fuente:
Constitution of 3 February 2010: art. 143 (2): http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017);
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 24, 25, 26, 27: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc46fa0b3-c947-4440-ae92-5f1a3a275d8a%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/28
|
|
Anguila
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Elections Act, Articles 2 and 3
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide (http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm)
|
2015/02/24
|
|
Antigua y Barbuda
|
j. Otro
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Section 28
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
|
2014/06/04
|
|
Antillas Holandesas
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide (http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm)
|
2009/11/12
|
|
Arabia Saudí
|
l. No aplicable
|
Fuente:
Shura Council Law, art. 3: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance, art. 68: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Argelia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Assembly members are elected for five year terms.
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 103: https://www.joradp.dz/trv/fcons.pdf;
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 84 (1), 85, 86, 87: http://www.parliament.am/library/norelectoral%20law/aljir.pdf (2017)
|
2019/09/25
|
|
Argentina
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Los diputados nacionales son elegidos, de forma directa y por mayoría simple, en cada provincia y la Capital Federal para un periodo de cuatro (4) años, con la posibilidad de ser reelegidos. Los electores votan por alguna de las listas de candidatos registradas, pero sin incidir en el orden de precedencia.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 45, 50: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019);
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”, art. 158–161: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016, art. 77:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e
|
2017/04/05
|
|
Aruba
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide (http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm)
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australia
|
b. Voto alternativo
|
Fuente:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, Art. 240, 274: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 26 (1)
Electoral Law, Art. 4
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6544
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Azerbaiyán
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) including amendments, article 82: https://president.az/en/pages/view/azerbaijan/constitution
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 143: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution: Art. 68 & 70.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahamas_2002?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahráin
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Elections for the Chamber of Deputies were held over two rounds for 40 single-member districts in which absolute majority(50+1) was required in the first round. The first round was on October 24 and the second on October 31, 2002.
Fuente:
The Shura and Representatives Councils Law 2002, art. 20: https://regulations-references-laws-s3-bucket.s3.me-south-1.amazonaws.com/public/_pdf-1705188185067.pdf
Constitution, art. 56: http://www.shura.bh/en/LegislativeResource/Constitution/Pages/Constitution05.aspx (2014).
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution of Bangladesh, Art. 65 (2)
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/research/bangladesh-constitution.pdf
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Barbados
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 41-42
|
2009/08/21
|
|
Belice
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
La Cámara de Representantes está compuesta por 31 integrantes.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Section 56 (1), 89 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”, Section 17 (3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-of-the-people-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benín
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Law No. 2010-35 of 21 December 2010 regulating the election of members of the National Assembly, art. 1, 4: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-legislatives-2011.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bermudas
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 52
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm
|
2012/05/31
|
|
Bielorrusia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Los miembros de la Cámara de Representantes son elegidos en distritos electorales de mandato único. Si ninguno de los candidatos obtiene más de la mitad de los votos, se realiza una segunda vuelta.
Fuente:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 87: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Bolivia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
La Cámara de Diputados está conformada por 130 escaños. En cada departamento se eligen la mitad de las diputaciones en circunscripciones uninominales (65 escaños) y la otra mitad en circunscripciones plurinominales (65 escaños).
El periodo de mandato es de cinco años con posibilidad de reelección para un mandato adicional.
Fuente:
Constitution: "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 146: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law: “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”, art. 57-61: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/09
|
|
Bosnia y Herczegovina
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The House of Representatives shall comprise 42 Members, two-thirds elected from the territory of the Federation, one-third from the territory of the Republika Srpska.
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina: art. 9.1 (2)
http://izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version_2018.pdf
|
2025/06/23
|
|
Botsuana
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
The National Assembly has 61 elected seats; 57 members are directly elected by universal adult suffrage, and 4 members are indirectly elected by the National Assembly from a list of candidates submitted by the President. The President and the Attorney General are ex officio members of the Assembly and the life of the Assembly is five years. The Speaker may be elected from outside the House.
Fuente:
Constitution of Botswana art. 58, 63: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
|
2014/10/24
|
|
Brasil
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 45, 46, 47:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 83, 84, 85:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/22
|
|
Brunéi Darussalam
|
l. No aplicable
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 23: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013);
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Election Code, art. 246
http://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=82965
|
2014/10/01
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Code as amended in 2015, art. 156: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution of Myanmar, Art. 109: http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law, art. 3, 49 (a): http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Parliamentary Elections: proportionality, multiparty elections, closed lists.
30 % of seats allocated to women; 60 % Hutu, 40 % Tutsi; 3 Twa members co-opted.
Fuente:
Electoral Code, art. 108: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Bután
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
No direct elections.
Fuente:
Constitution of Bhutan, Article 12(1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bélgica
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Seat allocations in Belgium are made to three different kinds of entity, candidates, lists and partisan cartels.
Fuente:
The Belgian Constitution, Article 62
http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf
The Belgian Constitution, Article 63
http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf
Electoral Code, Art. 165 bis, 169, 170, 171
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BE/belgium-electoral-code-2014/view
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Cabo Verde
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 115, 116, 141: http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016);
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 402, 408: http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Camboya
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Members of the National Assembly shall be elected by a general, universal, free, fair, equal, direct, and secret election by means of secret balloting. The electoral system shall be proportional representation, with provincial/municipal constituencies.
Fuente:
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly, art. 5: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791.
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Camerún
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Plurality system in single-member constituencies and absolute majority system (containing elements of a bonus system and PR) in multi-member constituencies of different size (two to seven seats). If a list wins an absolute majority in a multi-member constituency it gets all the seats. If no list wins the absolute majority, the list with a relative majority gets at least half of the seats, the rest of the seats being distributed proportionally according to Hare quota, greates remainder between all the other lists that have passed the electoral threshold of 5%.
Fuente:
Constitution, Chapter II sec 20 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-constitution-of-cameroon-2008
|
2018/11/06
|
|
Canadá
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Elections Canada: General Information: The Electoral System of Canada (http://www.elections.ca/res/ces/esoc_e.pdf)
Constitution Acts of Canada, 1867-1982, Art. 37
http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_E.pdf
Elections Canada News Releases and Media Advisories, December 19, 2011 http://elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&document=dec1911&dir=pre&lang=e
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Chad
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law N° 003/PR/2008 amended by law n° 008/PR/2009, law n° 007/PR/2010 and law n° 020/PR/2010, art. 147: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Chad_Electoral%20code_2009_fr.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
El Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones determinará las preferencias emitidas a favor de cada lista y de cada uno de los candidatos que la integran. Para ello, se aplicará el sistema electoral de coeficiente D’Hondt en el que:
a) Los votos de cada lista se dividirán por uno, dos, tres y así sucesivamente hasta la cantidad de cargos que corresponda elegir;
b) Los números que han resultado de dichas divisiones se ordenarán de forma decreciente hasta el número correspondiente a la cantidad de cargos que se eligen en cada distrito electoral o circunscripción senatorial;
c) A cada lista se le atribuirán tantos escaños como números tenga en la escala descrita anteriormente.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 47:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”, art. 109 bis:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
|
2025/03/03
|
|
China
|
j. Otro
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 59-60
Electoral Law, Art. 2
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Chipre
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
En la Cámara de Representantes, 80 miembros son electos mediante listas abiertas de representación proporcional en circunscripciones plurinominales para un periodo de 5 años. De esos miembros, 56 son electos por la comunidad greco-chipriota; y, 24 por la comunidad turco-chipriota.
Fuente:
The Election of the Members of the House of Representatives (Amendment) Law of 1985 (Law 124/85)
Parliamentary Elections, 22 May 2016 OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report p. 3
https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/cyprus/230496?download=true
Constitution, Αrt. 62:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-constitution-1960/ (2016);
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Chipre (del Norte)
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
IFES Election Guide: http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=252
Constitution, Art. 79
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Colombia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
La Cámara de Representantes está integrada por 188 escaños electos por voto de la ciudadanía mediante el principio de representación proporcional. El periodo de mandato es de cuatro años con posibilidad de reelección.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 176-178, 263: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016)
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Comoras
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
IFES Election Guide (2025- Comoran Assembly of the Union 2025 Round 1). https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/4551
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
137 members of parliement are directly elected in general election.
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 90, 92: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017);
Electoral Law of 24 November 2001, Art. 54 (1), 66: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), República Democrática del
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The members of Parliament are directly and secretly elected in general elections for 5 years term. Candidates are presented by political parties or political groups. They can also be presented as independent.
Fuente:
Constitution (2015), article 101: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/rdc-constitution-2011-english-version/view
|
2018/11/09
|
|
Corea del Norte
|
b. Voto alternativo
|
Fuente:
Constitution of DPRK, Art. 138.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Corea del Sur
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
Public Official Election Act, Article 188, 189: https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Costa Rica
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Los miembros que componen la Asamblea Legislativa son elegidos por medio de la nominación partidista y votación popular directa.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica”, art. 106: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-constitucion-politica-reformas-2015.pdf/; Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 151 & 201: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Costa de Marfil
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Code Electoral (2015), art. 68: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-code-electoral-2015/view
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Croacia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (116/99) (consolidated wording with amendments No. 109/00 and 53/03), art. 38
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7663/file/Croatia_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_2003_am2015_en.pdf
|
2020/07/02
|
|
Cuba
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Los cargos son por un periodo de 5 años.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 210: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 125, 129, 130, 204, 208: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Dinamarca
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Each elector can cast either a "personal vote" for one of the candidates or a vote for one of the party lists.
Fuente:
Electoral Law, Art. 76.
|
2019/05/23
|
|
Dominica
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
The Congress is made up of the President and a House of Assembly. The House is made up of as many Representatives as the number of constituencies established for the Electoral Boundaries Commission, five senators appointed by the President with advice from the Prime Minister and four senators appointed by the President with advice from the leader of the opposition. Members serve five-year terms.
Nowadays, the House of Assembly has 32 members; the Speaker, 1 ex-officio member, 21 members are elected by popular vote for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies, and nine members (9) appointed senators.
Fuente:
Constitution, Section 33: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
Ecuador
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 118: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 120, 160: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egipto
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Two People’s Assembly members are elected by absolute majority of the number of valid votes in each of 222 constituencies in Egypt. At least one member from each constituency should be a worker or farmer. A run off election is held when the necessary majority is not secured in the first round. Ten members of the People’s Assembly are appointed by the president.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/23
|
|
El Salvador
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 79: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”, art. 13: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Emiratos Árabes Unidos
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
IPU Parline Database: http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2333.htm (2012)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law, art. 11
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/er.html
|
2009/12/02
|
|
Eslovaquia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Closed party-list system, with proportional representation using Hagenbach-Bischoff method and greatest remainders calculation for leftover seats. Each elector can cast four preferential votes for candidates with respect to the same list. The threshold requires every party (even listed in a coalition) to win five % of the national vote to gain parliamentary representation.
Vacancies arising between general elections are filled by substitutes chosen at the same time as titular members.
Fuente:
Slovakia: On Elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic (2004), Section 1, 18, & 43: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-municipalities-election-law-1990/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Eslovenia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Eight constituencies shall be formed for the election of deputies to the National Assembly. Eleven deputies shall be elected in each constituency.
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 80
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Slovenia_2013?lang=en
|
2017/03/30
|
|
España
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution: "Constitución Española", Art. 68:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-constitucion-espanola-2011-2016/;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, arts. 162:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/01
|
|
Estados Unidos
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
b. Voto alternativo
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
U.S. Constitution, Amendment 17:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-constitution-1992/view ;
https://www.usa.gov/midterm-state-and-local-elections ;
National Conference of State Legislatures:
https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/the-rise-of-ranked-choice-voting.aspx ;
https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/ranked-choice-voting.aspx ;
|
2024/09/30
|
|
Estonia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Riigikogu Election Act as amended on 13 April 2016, § 1(4) & 29.
|
2019/02/19
|
|
Etiopía
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 54 (2);
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 25
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Filipinas
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
However, members of the House of Representatives are elected from legislative districts, with 20% elected (proportional representation) through party-list system representation.
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 5 (1, 2):
http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-vi (2016)
http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/7.html (2019)
|
2019/04/24
|
|
Finlandia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Section 25: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/02
|
|
Fiyi
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 53: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
Electoral Decree No. 11 of 2014, art. 104: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-electoral-decree-no.-11-of-2014/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/18
|
|
Francia
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Electoral code, Art. L123
https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=9B64B63FCBA694B62F4DC7D7DCC0F066.tplgfr23s_1?idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006148464&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070239&dateTexte=20200617
|
2020/06/20
|
|
Gabón
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2116_A.htm (2017)
Constitution, art 35
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_1997?lang=en
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Gambia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Elections Decree 78 of 1996, part V, section 81 (2-b): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
150 members of the Parliament of Georgia are elected through, proportional election system, while 85 are elected based on the majoritarian election system.
Fuente:
Constitution of Georgia, art.37:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Ghana
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Members of Parliament are elected every four years during the general elections.
Fuente:
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2123_B.htm
|
2016/09/19
|
|
Gibraltar
|
j. Otro
|
Fuente:
Parliament Act Number 1950-15, Part II, Article 22-22A(1).
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1950-15o.pdf
Electoral Law, art. 30, 42 & 45
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide (http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm)
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Granada
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Grenada Constitution 1973, art. 29-32
|
2011/06/28
|
|
Grecia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Law 3231/2004 as amended by Law 3636/2008 (Law for the election of MPs), published on the Official Journal of the Government, ΦΕΚ 45/Α/11.2.2004, art. 2, 3, 99 (3)
http://www.dsanet.gr/Epikairothta/Nomothesia/n3231_04.htm
|
2020/07/25
|
|
Groenlandia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html
Constitution of Denmark, Art. 28
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Guam
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3113/ ;
48 U.S. Code Ch. 8A:
https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title48/chapter8A&edition=prelim
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
El Congreso de la República está compuesto por 160 diputados, de los cuales 32 diputados son elegidos mediante lista nacional.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”, art. 157: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 203 & 205: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guernsey
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide: http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm
|
2010/03/30
|
|
Guinea
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
Constitution (2010), art. 63: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/view;
Electoral Code No. 91/012/CTRN, art. 129: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-electoral-code-2010/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea Ecuatorial
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Question not answered.
Fuente:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011, art. 56
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Equatorial_Guinea_2012?lang=en (2016)
|
2016/05/03
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Question not answered.
Fuente:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"), art. 115: http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012);
Constitution, art. 77, 78 (2): http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art 60.
|
2015/05/10
|
|
Haití
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 90 & 90-1
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Honduras
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
El Congreso Nacional está integrado por un número fijo de 128 diputados y sus respectivos suplentes para un periodo de cuatro años, elegidos por sufragio directo.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Honduras (2009)", art. 202: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 77–78, 286: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
j. Otro
|
Fuente:
Legislative Council General Election Guidelines Ch1-5,6 & 7, Ch2-21-29:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-legislative-council-general-election-4/view
|
2021/06/03
|
|
Hungría
|
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Act CCIII of 2011 on the Elections of Members of Parliament of Hungary, Sec. 3(2): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
India
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Voters elect members of the Lok Sabha from single-member constituences, the winner is the candidate with the most votes.
Fuente:
The Constitution of India, Article 81: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-constitution-as-amended-to-2007/view
|
2019/04/03
|
|
Indonesia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Law 8/2012 on General Election of the Members of House of Representatives, People’s Representatives Council and Regional House of Representatives, Article 5(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-8-2012-on-general-election-of-the/view
|
2024/01/31
|
|
Iraq
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Question not answered.
Fuente:
Electoral Law of the Iraqi Parliament, Article 12: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-electoral-law-of-the-iraqi-parliament-2013/view
|
2018/04/15
|
|
Irlanda
|
i. Voto único transferible
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 16(2.5): https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Irán
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Elections Act of Islamic Consultative Assembly article 8-9: https://www.refworld.org/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/pdf-js/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flegacy-pdf%2Fen%2F1999-11%2F4c35cba22.pdf
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, article 62: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Isla Christmas
|
k. No hay información disponible
|
|
2009/11/30
|
|
Islandia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
There is only one chamber in the Icelandic Parliament.
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 31
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iceland_2013?lang=en
|
2020/07/27
|
|
Islas Caimán
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 60: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”, Section 5(2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
International IDEA’s Electoral System Design Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/166/44
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Islas Cocos
|
b. Voto alternativo
|
Fuente:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, Art. 240, 274: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2019/07/08
|
|
Islas Cook
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 27
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Islas Feroe
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Election Resources. (http://www.electionresources.org/dk/fo/)
|
2012/07/06
|
|
Islas Malvinas
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 113(2A): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Islas Marinas del Norte
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. II, sec. 3
https://cnmilaw.org/cons.php#gsc.tab=0
|
2024/11/28
|
|
Islas Marshall
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 4 (2). https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Islas Norfolk
|
k. No hay información disponible
|
Fuente:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nf.html
|
2010/01/07
|
|
Islas Pitcairn
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm
|
2010/01/08
|
|
Islas Salomón
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution of 1978, Amended 2014: Art. 46.
Constitution (2014): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en
Amendment 2018: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-constitution-amendment-2018
National Parliament Electoral Provisions Act (2010 Consolidated Version), sec. 55: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-national-parliament-electoral-3/view
|
2019/02/28
|
|
Islas Turcas y Caicos
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: “Elections Ordinance”, Section 55(14 & 15): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-elections-ordinance-2018/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Islas Vírgenes Americanas
|
k. No hay información disponible
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Islas Vírgenes Británicas
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, Article 62(1)
http://www.bvi.gov.vg/sites/default/files/constitution.pdf
The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, Article 64
http://www.bvi.gov.vg/sites/default/files/constitution.pdf
Virgin Islands, British. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/301/44
|
2019/02/15
|
|
Israel
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
BASIC LAW: THE KNESSET (5718 - 1958) Art.4: https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawTheKnesset.pdf
|
2019/05/01
|
|
Italia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Single member majority system with a remaining proportional quota.
Fuente:
Legislative Act: Law of 21 December 2005, n. 270
Electoral Law: "Testo unico delle leggi elettorali", art. 83
https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.del.presidente.della.repubblica:1957-03-30;361!vig=
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
According to the relevant constitutional provisions, the House of Representatives shall be composed of no more than 60 and no less than 45 members. Nowadays is composed of 60 members.
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 66 & 67
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japón
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/naruhodo/naruhodo03.html
Constitution, Art. 43:
https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html;
Public Offices Election Act, Art.4:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
|
2021/09/17
|
|
Jersey
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide (http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm)
|
2009/12/07
|
|
Jordania
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The Chamber of Deputies shall consist of members elected by secret ballot in a general direct election and in accordance with the provisions of an Electoral Law.
Fuente:
The 2016 Parliament Elections Law No. 6, art. 8, 9: http://www.entikhabat.jo/sites/default/files/ElectionNo6-2016.pdf
|
2016/07/28
|
|
Kazajistán
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 1995, amended March 10, 2017 art. 50.
https://www.akorda.kz/en/constitution-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-50912
|
2024/09/30
|
|
Kenia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
"Kenya shall be divided into constituencies in accordance with section 42, and each constituency shall elect one elected member to the National Assembly in such manner, as subject to this Constitution, may be prescribed by any law."
Fuente:
The Constitution of Kenya Article. 101
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kirguizistán
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2021), art. 76: https://constsot.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/constitution-of-the-kyrgyz-republic.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Kiribati
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Article 25 and 26, Subsidiary Legislation: Elections Regulation under Elections Ordinance
http://www.paclii.org/ki/legis/consol_act/eo167/
|
2024/11/24
|
|
Kuwait
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 80 (1): http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013);
Official Website of the Kuwait Government: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/national_Assembly/aboutNationalAssembly.jsp (2013)
|
2014/08/22
|
|
Laos
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Law No. 37/PO on the Election of Members of the National Assembly, art. 34: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/16
|
|
Lesoto
|
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
The National Assembly has 120 seats. Its members are elected by direct popular vote using the mixed member proportional(MMP) system - 80 in single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post system and 40 from one national constituency using party-list proportional representation. Proportion representation seats are allocated so as to compensate parties for the discrepancy between percentage votes obtained and percentage constituency seats won
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of Lesotho, art. 56-57 & 67
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Letonia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Latvia is divided into separate electoral districts. The number of representatives to the Saeima, to be elected from each district, shall be proportional to the number of electors in each district.
Article 7 (1) Latvia shall be divided into five constituencies for the Saeima elections: Riga; Vidzeme; Latgale; Kurzeme and Zemgale.
Fuente:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia as amended on 8 April 2009, art. 6-7: http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/4777/file/Latvia_Constitution_am2009_en.pdf (2014)
|
2022/09/12
|
|
Liberia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Liberia is now contemplating on adapting the simple majoritarian system for the election of the national legislature
Fuente:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 4, Art. 4.15 (c), http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libia
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
Law No. 4 on the Election of the General National Congress, Art. 6 & 7. (Transitional National Council of Libya): (Eng) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the-e/view (Arabic) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Art. 46 (1);
https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Lituania
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
The Seimas consists of 141 representatives who are elected for a 4 year term: 71 in single-member constituencies, 70 in a multi-member constituency. The two-round system is used for the single-member seats.
Fuente:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on the Elections to the Seimas (9 July 1992, as last amended on 22 March 2016 – No XII-2265), art. 1
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/89e6d1a0f58111e5bf4ee4a6d3cdb874?jfwid=tu0odnkka
|
2020/06/05
|
|
Luxemburgo
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 51(5): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Líbano
|
c. Voto en bloque
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Voting shall be general (universal suffrage), through secret ballots and direct.
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 24 (1, 2): http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
Parliamentary Election Law No. 44 of 2017, art. 1: https://elections.gov.lb/getattachment/00bbe177-0eec-4f8a-a4df-e47c7e19b4de/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%28PDF%29.aspx%20(2017)
https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Macao
|
k. No hay información disponible
|
Fuente:
Basic Law, Annex II
|
2009/12/08
|
|
Macedonia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
In the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia 120 Members of Parliament are elected according to the proportional model, whereby the territory of the Republic of Macedonia is divided into 6 election districts determined by law, each of which shall elect 20 Members of Parliament.
Fuente:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, article. 4(2): https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Madagascar
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
The National Assembly has 127 seats elected from single member and two member constituencies by plurality. This is not specified in the constitution, which says rather that the number of seats and the manner of election be determined by a decree of the Council of Ministers.
Fuente:
Organic Law No. 2012-016 regulating legislative elections, art. 2: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/loi%20_n-2012-016_%20elect_%20legis.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/07
|
|
Malasia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 46, 116: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013);
Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments, art. 13 (1): http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Malaui
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
The National Assembly consists of 193 members representing constituencies, directly elected by universal adult suffrage. The life of the Assembly is five years.
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Malawi, art. 62
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide (http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm)
|
2025/04/14
|
|
Maldivas
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Elections to the Peoples Majlis are held according to the binomial system plurality system in two-member constituencies, the electors having one vote each. In addition to this, 8 members are appointed by the President.
Fuente:
Constitution 2008, art. 72 (b): http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/11
|
|
Malta
|
i. Voto único transferible
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 52, 56: http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Malí
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Les députés à l'Assemblée Nationale sont élus pour partieau scrutin majoritaire à 1 tour dans le ressort des cercles et des communesdu district,pour partie sur une liste nationaleau scrutin proportionnel sans panachage ni vote préférentiel.
Fuente:
Electoral Code, art. 157
|
2009/12/08
|
|
Man, Isla del
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Tynwald, the Parliament of the Isle of Man: Election to the House
http://www.tynwald.org.im/process/index.html
|
2009/12/14
|
|
Marruecos
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Voting is by proportional representation applying the rule of the highest average without vote-splitting or preferential votes.
- 295 members are elected to represent 92 multi-member electoral districts
- 30 members are elected on a national basis.
Fuente:
Organic Law No. 27.11 relating to the House of Representatives, Article 1 (2011): http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/0/lois/Loi_27-11_Fr.pdf;
Morocco's Constitution of 2011, Article 62(d): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mauricio
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
The National Assembly consist of up to 70 members, 62 of which are elected by universal adult suffrage in a secret ballot from multi-member constituencies by a plurality. Up to eight seats can be allocated by the Electoral Supervisory Commission according to a complex formula to "best losers" to ensure "a fair and adequate representation of each community, members serve five year term.
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius, art. 31, First Schedule, art. 1 & 5
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mauritania
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
Organic Law No. 2012 - 029 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 91-028 of 7 October 1991, as amended, concerning the organic law on the election of deputies to the National Assembly, art. 24, 25
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Micronesia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
A plurality system in single member constituencies is used in parliamentary elections. Article 9, Section 11 of the Constitution also provides for States to set aside one of its seats for a traditional leader, in lieu of one representative elected on the basis of population. The number of congressional districts would then be reduced and reapportioned accordingly.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Article. 9, Section 8, 10, and 11: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/article9.htm
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldavia
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Moldova 2019, article 79
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Mongolia
|
f. Voto único no transferible
|
question not answered
Fuente:
Mongolian Law on Elections, updated 2016 Article 120.2
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7739/file/Mongolia_law_elections_2015_am2016_en.pdf
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2016, art. 4.
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2020)031-e
|
2023/09/25
|
|
Montserrat
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law, art. 5 & 6
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Mozambique
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The Assembly of the Republic is the legislature and consists of 250 members elected every five years by proportional representation with a 5% entry threshold. 248 seats are elected from the 12 provinces each acting as a constituency, with the number of seats allocated to each province based on the population. Two members are elected by expatriates, one for Africa and Europe each.
Fuente:
Constitution of 21 January 2005, art. 170 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/mozambique-constitution-portuguese-version/view (2014)
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014), art. 167, 170, 171: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014)
|
2024/12/04
|
|
México
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
La Cámara de Diputados se conforma de 500 miembros, de los cuales 300 son electos bajo el principio de mayoritaria relativa, mediante el sistema de distritos electorales uninominales, mientras los otros 200 son electos por el principio de representación proporcional bajo el mecanismo de listas regionales votadas en circunscripciones plurinominales. Además, el número total de escaños de ningún partido o coalición puede superar en más de 8% el porcentaje de votación que haya recibido.
Fuente:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Mónaco
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Question not answered.
Fuente:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 20-1; https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1968/02-23-839/
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Namibia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The National Assembly consists of 72 members directly elected in a single constituency proportional representation system (with no minimum entry threshold) and up to 6 members, without voting rights, nominated by the President.
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of Namibia, art. 49
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Nauru
|
b. Voto alternativo
|
Fuente:
Electoral Act 2016, Art. 84-85. (http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d83250a1ebdc56c1701fa7aa245af5b1.pdf)
|
2019/07/01
|
|
Nepal
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Nepal is divided into 205 electoral constituencies. The adult citizens of 18 years and above are eligible voters and a candidate who scores highest number in total valid votes is elected from his/her respective constituency.
Fuente:
The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 Article 84 (1, A and B) www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
|
2018/04/03
|
|
Nicaragua
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Los miembros de la Asamblea Nacional son elegidos mediante representación proporcional para un periodo de cinco años.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 132:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art: 146-149:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 71, 77 (1): http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/02/14
|
|
Niue
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
The Assembly consists of 14 members from the villages, with 6 members being elected nationwide (common roll members).
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 16 & 69 (2).
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Noruega
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Voters vote directly for representatives for their constituency by casting a vote for one of many electoral in that constituency.
The National Assembly (Storting) nominates from among its members one fourth to constitute the Lagting.
Fuente:
Constitution (last amended May 2014), Art. 59
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Nueva Caledonia
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Electoral Code, Article L.123
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Nueva Zelandia
|
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
Fuente:
Elections New Zealand Official Website: http://www.elections.org.nz/elections/2011-general-election-and-referendum/ (2017);
Official Website for the MMP review: http://www.mmpreview.org.nz/ (2017);
Constitution Act 1986, Art. 10.2: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1986/0114/latest/whole.html#DLM94210 (2017)
Election Act of 1993- Preamble
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/NZ/new-zealand-electoral-act-2010/view (2017)
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Níger
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code, art. 116: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-ordinance-no.-2010-96-of-28-december-2010/
|
2017/02/01
|
|
Omán
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
ROYAL DECREE NO. 86/97 On the Formation of The Council of Oman, art. 21 (c): http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/83508/92277/F2092950230/OMN83508.pdf (1997)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en
|
2025/04/30
|
|
Pakistán
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
207 of 217 members are elected by FPTP in single-member constituencies. The remaining seats are allocated to 4 religious minorities elected in separate nation-wide multi-member constituencies.
"60 seats for women (in the past only ten seats were reserved for women which means six times higher reserved seats for the women in National Assembly) you had incorrectly quoted three time increase which is actually SIX time increase.
Women would come according to party lists submitted prior to elections to the Electoral Commission that too on proportion representation (PR system).
About Minorities
there are TEN reserved seats, whole of the country is single constituency and they are also selected from the party lists like women nominated by the political parties and get their share of seats again according to the seats proportion which they have already won, these nominees are from various Miniorities of the country."
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 51: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Pakistan_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Palaos
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. IX (3); Voting Rights Act of 1981 as amended, Sec. 1551 (23 PNCA §1551).
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestina
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
In the case of a tie between two or more of the candidates with the most votes, new elections between those candidates shall take place within 10 days. In any constituency where a minimum number of seats is reserved for Christians, those seats shall be allotted to the Christian candidates who obtained more votes than the rest of the Christian candidates.
Fuente:
Palestinian Basic Law, art. 48: http://www.osservatorioiraq.it/sites/default/files/Palestinian%20Basic%20Law%20with%20Amendements%20-%20english.pdf (2013);
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 4 (1), 6: http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/08
|
|
Panamá
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Votación popular directa de los miembros de la Asamblea Nacional (diputados), mediante postulación partidista o por libre postulación. Los partidos políticos presentarán sus postulaciones de candidatos principales y suplente a diputados mediante memorial firmado (más los requisitos que marca la ley). En los circuitos plurinominales, dos o más partidos podrán postular hasta un candidato común a diputado.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 147 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 451–454: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papúa Nueva Guinea
|
b. Voto alternativo
|
Limited Preferential Voting Voters can number up to three candidates in rank order from most preferred to least preferred.
Fuente:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections, Section 138, 139: http://www.pngec.gov.pg:7780/i/pngec/organic_law.pdf (2012);
Official Website of the Electoral Commission of Papua New Guinea: http://www.pngec.gov.pg/ (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Los diputados son elegidos en comicios directos por medio del sistema de representación proporcional con listas desbloqueadas.
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96), art. 247:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Países Bajos
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Preferential vote for individual candidate on party list.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Netherlands, Art. 53(1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Netherlands_2008?lang=en
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Perú
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Se utiliza un sistema de representación proporcional por listas cerradas no bloqueadas con doble voto preferencial opcional. Lo que significa que, si lo desea, el elector puede indicar en la papeleta a dos de los candidatos de la lista propuesta por el partido político de su preferencia. Una vez que se determina cuántos escaños le corresponden a cada lista de partido, se toman en cuenta los votos preferenciales para determinar a qué candidatos de la lista les corresponde ocuparlos. Para que los partidos tengan derecho a la asignación de escaños, es necesario que obtengan al menos siete (7) representantes en más de una circunscripción, que implicaría el 5% del total de los miembros que integran el Congreso, o haber alcanzado, como mínimo, el 5% de los votos válidos a nivel nacional.
Fuente:
Electoral Law: “Ley 26859, orgánica de elecciones”, art. 21: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26859-organica-elecciones-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Polinesia Francesa
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Electoral Code, Article L.123.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Polonia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The voter votes for one list and choses a name being listed.
Fuente:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 192 and 193 (1): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Closed party list system with proportional representation based on the d'Hondt method: each list must bear as many names as there are seats to be filled in the constituency. Electors may only vote for one list.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision, 2005, Articles 113(5), 149 (1), and 151 (1):
https://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/ConstituicaoRepublicaPortuguesa.aspx - Portuguese
https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/pt/pt045en.pdf - English
|
2024/10/26
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
f. Voto único no transferible
|
La Cámara de Representantes está integrada por 51 miembros, de los cuales 40 son elegidos mediante el principio de mayoría simple en distritos uninominales y los otros 11 a través del sistema de voto único no transferible.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. III (s. 3, 7): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 9.10: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
l. No aplicable
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 78: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Reino Unido
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Official Website of the UK Parliament: https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/voting-systems/
|
2025/06/12
|
|
República Centroafricana
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
No direct elections.
Fuente:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 161: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016)
Constitution, Art. 49-51: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=193706 (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
República Checa
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of the Czech Republic of December 16, 1992 (Amended by Act No. 515/2002 Coll.), art. 18.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en (2017)
Electoral Law: Act of Law 247/1995 Coll., on elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (amended by 480/2006 Coll.), art. 1.
|
2023/09/14
|
|
República Dominicana
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
La elección de diputados se hará por sufragio universal directo. Para la asignación de escaños correspondientes a los representantes electos para la Cámara de Diputados, Concejos de Regidores y Juntas de Vocales, se utilizará el sistema establecido en la Ley No.157-13, sobre Voto Preferencial. En la determinación de los candidatos y candidatas que hayan de resultar escogidos como Diputados o Diputadas Nacionales por Acumulación de Votos, se seguirá conforme al siguiente procedimiento: Los partidos políticos presentarán ante la Junta Central Electoral una lista de cinco (5) candidatos que serán postulados por una demarcación nacional, en adición de aquella que contiene los candidatos y candidatas al Congreso Nacional por cada una de las provincias y circunscripciones establecidas por las leyes y las disposiciones especiales emanadas de la Junta Central Electoral. La base para asignar escaños es que el partido haya alcanzado al menos 1% de la votación.
Fuente:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 77 y art. 81: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19, art. 267-270: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019);
Ley No. 136-11 que regula la votación desde el exterior, art. 9 - 12:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-no.-136-11-que-regula-el/ (2016)
|
2020/02/04
|
|
Ruanda
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
j. Otro
|
Fuente:
Source : Loi organique n°03/2010/OL et loi n°27/2010 relative aux élections (2010), art. 75: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Rumania
|
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Law No. 35 of 13 March 2008 for the election to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, art. 5(1). https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4224/file/ROM%20Election%20Laws_en.pdf
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Rusia
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
The Russian electoral system can be characterized as a classic example of a parallel electoral system. Both party-list Proportional Representation (PR) and First Past the Post (FPTP) voting are used for choosing deputies in the Duma, but there is no adjustment of the party-list representatives to reflect disparities in the overall seat-vote share, as there is in Germany and New Zealand. The total number of deputies is 450, with half selected by PR and half chosen in single-member plurality constituencies. The PR system operates in effect as one constituency, since the votes for political parties are tallied across the entire country. Nevertheless, parties compete regionally on closed lists, in accord with the June 1995 law adopted by the Federal Assembly. A nominee for a national party list of 12 members may also seek election from an FPTP single-member district in the region. Consequently, this can result in another seat for a political party, which wins on the PR ballot. Upon achieving the threshold of at least five percent of the PR votes, seats are distributed according to the largest remainder formula.
A 25% voter turnout is required to validate the poll.
Each voter thus casts two separate ballots.
Vacancies arising between general elections are filled either through by-elections (majority system) or by "next-in-line" candidates of the same party list (proportional representation system).
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, amended as of April 5, 2016, article 3: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiz-9bZwf6EAxVX4skDHb15AeIQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.gob.mx%2Fvota_elections%2Fpage%2Fdownload%2F16240&usg=AOvVaw3NYZOKj696lT-b9Q5THAwf&opi=89978449
|
2024/03/22
|
|
Samoa
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
First past the block
Fuente:
Samoa Constitution: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
Samoa Americana
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
American Samoa Code Annotated Title 6 Elections 6.0805.
http://www.asbar.org/Newcode/Title%2006.htm#a805
|
2017/08/18
|
|
San Cristóbal y Nieves
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
11 members are directly elected by people in single seat constituencies, 3 other -called Senators- are appointed by Governor General, one by advice of Leader of Opposition and two by advie of Prime Minister. In addition there is a Speaker of the Assembly, that could be elected from among members who are not part of the Cabinet or Paralmentary Secretaries or from among persons who are not members of the Assembly but could qualify as one of them.
Fuente:
Article 29, 30 and 32, Constitution
|
2020/04/14
|
|
San Marino
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 3 (Available on the Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm);
Electoral Law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 10 (2): http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/25
|
|
San Vicente y las Granadinas
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
The House of Assembly is composed by representatives directly elected by the FPTP system in single member constituencies (15 nowadays) and six senators (four appointed by the Governor-General, in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister; and two appointed by the Governor-General in accordance with the advice of the leader of the opposition). Besides, according to the Constitution, if a person who is not a member of the House is elected to be the Speaker he shall, by virtue of holding that office, be a member of the House, and at any time when the office of Attorney-General is a public office, the Attorney-General shall, by virtue of holding or acting in that office, be a member of the House.
Fuente:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979, art. 24 & 27
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Santa Elena
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 50 & 78
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm
|
2010/01/12
|
|
Santa Lucía
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Members of the House of Assembly are elected by the FPTP system in single member constituencies.
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 30 & 33
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm
|
2010/01/12
|
|
Santa Sede
|
l. No aplicable
|
Fuente:
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001, Art. 3: http://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html (2012);
Official Website of the Vatican City State: http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Santo Tomé y Príncipe
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006), art. 24: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ST/sao-tome-e-principe-electoral-law
|
2021/06/17
|
|
Senegal
|
c. Voto en bloque
g. Listas de representación proporcional
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
Fuente:
Inter-Parliamentary Union-National Assembly Senegal
http://archive.ipu.org/parline/reports/2277.htm
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Electoral Law: Law on the Elections of Representatives, art. 5.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
|
2022/07/05
|
|
Seychelles
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
j. Otro
|
Fuente:
- Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011), Schedule 4, Art. 78(b)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
- A guide to the National Assembly, National Assembly of Seychelles (2013)
http://www.enabletheworld.com/lib2/AguideToTheSeychellesNationalAssembly.pdf
|
2025/02/25
|
|
Sierra Leona
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Representation of the people allows every citizen of SL being 18 years of age and of sound mind shall have the right to vote and accordingly shall be entitled to be registered as a voter for the purposes of public elections and referenda. At any public elections orreferenda, voting shall be by secret ballot.
Fuente:
Constitution (2008), art. 38 & 74: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/Constitution;
The Public Elections Act (2012), art. 58: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-the-public-elections-act-2012-1/;
Inter-Parliamentary Union: http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2281.htm
|
2017/01/12
|
|
Singapur
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
j. Otro
|
Question not answered.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, Art. 39: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2010?lang=en (2017)
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 22, 27: (2013)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Siria
|
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
International IDEA: Table of Electoral Systems Worldwide http://www.idea.int/esd/world.cfm
|
2014/06/02
|
|
Somalia
|
l. No aplicable
|
j) closed list system
proportional representation for presidential elections
Fuente:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 47: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view;
"Somalia Elections 2016":https://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/somalia-somalila-elections-2016-the-way-forward;
"National Leader Forum Communique":https://aceproject.org/ero-en/misc/somalia-national-leader-forum-communique-2016
|
2016/11/25
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
It is a proportional representation system with multi-member constituencies as well as an additional national constituency. Among 225 parliamentary seats, 196 are elected in proportion to the national total votes received by each party or independent group.
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 99(2, 6-8): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/01/28
|
|
Suazilandia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
The House of Assembly consists of 60 members elected in constituencies, 10 members appointed by the King, the Attorney-General and up to four women elected by a joint sitting of Parliament from a shortlist supplied by the Election and Boundaries Commission.
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 87 & 95
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sudáfrica
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The National Assembly consists of 400 members elected in a proportional representation system (with no minimum entry threshold) and members are elected by direct universal adult franchise; 130 members are elected from national party lists, the other 270 are elected from party lists in each of the nine provinces.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Article 46: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-2010/view
Electoral Act of 1998 (as amended to 2023), Schedule 1A: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-73-of-1998-as-amended/view
|
2014/05/01
|
|
Sudán
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
The National Assembly shall comprise of 360 deputy members elected according to the following:
a) 270 deputies are elected from the constituencies.
b) 90 deputies voted by special voting and indirect voting in the following manner:
35 female deputies elected by special voting from female voters. Each deputy represents one province, except for the most inhabited three provinces where each province is represented by three deputies, and the next more inhabited three provinces where each province is represented by two deputies.
26 deputies are elected by special voting from voters from the scientific section registered in each province, where each province is represented by one deputy,
29 deputies are elected by indirect voting from the professional section registered in the province in the following manner: - 11 deputies are elected by members of the Workers Union General National Conference; - 10 deputies elected by members of the Farmers Union General National Conference; - 3 deputies elected by members of the Employers Union General National Conference; - 5 deputies elected by members of the Shepherds Union General National Conference.
Fuente:
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 31, 32: http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/31
|
|
Sudán del Sur
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Fuente:
National Elections Act 2012, art. 60, 62, 63: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Suecia
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 3, Art. 1, 7, 8: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012);
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 14, Section 3, 4, 5: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Suiza
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 149 (2): https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Surinam
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Constitution, Art. 61, 131 (1): http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Sáhara Occidental
|
k. No hay información disponible
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Tailandia
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
The House of Representatives consists of 480 members. 400 members are elected in constituency basis and the 80 remainders are elected in proportional basis from political parties’ list.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand Amendment No. 1 (2011), Sec. 83, 84, 85:
https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+KINGDOM+OF+THAILAND+(B.E.+2560+(2017)).pdf
|
2023/10/04
|
|
Tanzania
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
j. Otro
|
Most members of parliament and local councils are elected through a single district plurality system.
Fuente:
The National Elections Act 2010, art. 81: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/National_Elections_Act-Cap_343.PDF (2013);
Constitution, art. 66 (1), 77, 78: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/Tanzania_Constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2014/06/04
|
|
Tayikistán
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Question not answered.
Fuente:
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of July 26, 2014, article 28.
|
2025/02/17
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
The Constituent Assembly will be mixed. 75 members get elected by proportional representation and 13 by the First Past the Post system. (From districts) A total number of 88.
Fuente:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 65 (4): https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
Law n.º 6/2006 on the Election of the National Parliament of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 13: https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2006-06.pdf
|
2024/11/14
|
|
Togo
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Organic Law of 18/06/2012 fixing the number of members of the National Assembly, the eligibility criteria and the incompatibilities, art. 4 (1): http://archives.assemblee-nationale.tg/admin/pdf/Loi-organique-fixant-le-nombre-de-d-put-s-2-lecture-.pdf (2012)
|
2012/12/21
|
|
Tokelau
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
'Tokelau Islands Information Paper, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade': http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Pacific/Tokelau.php
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tl.html
|
2020/01/22
|
|
Tonga
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
IPU Parline Database: https://data.ipu.org/node/174/elections/electoral-system?chamber_id=13543 (2021)
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Trinidad y Tobago
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 73: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Turkmenistán
|
k. No hay información disponible
|
Fuente:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2016): Article 78 & 88: http://www.osce.org/odihr/262336?download=true.
|
2017/02/14
|
|
Turquía
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Parliamentary Elections Law, art. 2: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1310/file/bbf6e67f60e5492350474eaa9e9a.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Tuvalu
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
c. Voto en bloque
|
Fuente:
Hassall, Graham (2006): The Tuvalu General Election 2006, Democracy and Elections Project (Governance Program), University of the South Pacific, Fiji. (http://www.governance.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/thematic/elections/docs/Hassall_-_Election_Observation_Report_Tuvalu_2006.pdf)
|
2012/06/19
|
|
Túnez
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Mixed system: 148 Deputies are chosen by party-list simple majority system. 34 remaining seats are allotted proportionately to parties that didn't secure an absolute majority on the basis of percentage of votes won at the national level and the highest average formula. Last amendment 1998.
Fuente:
The Constitution of 26 January 2014, art. 55, 56: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-constitution-of-26-january-2014/view (2014);
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda, art. 107 , 108: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Ucrania
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
List PR with a nationwide electoral district.
Fuente:
The Law on Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine (last amended in 2019), art. 1:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/4061-17
|
2019/03/11
|
|
Uganda
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 77 (3), 78: http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2016);
Parliamentary Elections Act as amended in 2010, art. 58
|
2016/02/05
|
|
Uruguay
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Elección por voto de la ciudadanía mediante el sistema de representación proporcional de lista de partidos.
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, arts. 88, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
Uzbekistán
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 2, Article 9, Chapter 13, Article 67: https://lex.uz/docs/4458857#4461414
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Vanuatu
|
f. Voto único no transferible
|
Fuente:
Constitution, art. 17: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
http://www.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/Institutes/piasdg/Electoral_Systems_2004/es2004_vanTrease.pdf
|
2016/01/26
|
|
Venezuela
|
e. Paralelo (segmentado) (listas de representación proporcional y distritos uninominales)
|
Según una base poblacional de 1.1% del total de la del país, además cada entidad federal elige tres diputadas o diputados.
Fuente:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, art. 186: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”, art. 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Vietnam
|
g. Listas de representación proporcional
|
Fuente:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No: 63/2010/QH12, art. 70, 71, 72: http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2021/04/07
|
|
Wallis y Futuna
|
d. Sistema de doble vuelta
|
Fuente:
Electoral Code, Article L.123.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Yemen
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 53, 105 (b): http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm
Constitution, art. 63: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,,YEM,3fc4c1e94,0.html (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Yibuti
|
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
Fuente:
Organic Law No. 1/AN/92 regulating Elections as amended by Law n°16/AN/12, art. 33: http://www.presidence.dj/PresidenceOld/jo/2012/loiorg16an12.php (2018)
“Djibouti’s Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2010.” Constitute Project, 27 Apr. 2022, www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en.
|
2023/07/11
|
|
Zambia
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
The National Assembly is composed of 150 members who are elected from constituencies in first-past-the-post elections, eight members nominated by the President and a Speaker elected from outside the Assembly by the Assembly
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of Zambia, art. 68 (2)
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/amendment_act/Constitution%20of%20Zambia%20%20(Amendment),%202016-Act%20No.%202_0.pdf
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
h. Representación proporcional personalizada
|
Fuente:
The Constitution of Zanzibar, art. 64, 65, 67
Electoral Act No. 11 of 1984 as amended, art. 88 (a)
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf(2016)
http://www.temco.udsm.ac.tz/images/stories/Electral_Laws/ZANZIBAR-ELECTION-ACT-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabue
|
a. Pluralidad (mayoría simple)
|
Fuente:
Constitution: Constitution of Zimbabwe (2013) Part 4, Section 124
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013
|
2023/09/25
|
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