Electoral Systems

Afghanistan

ES001

Question:	How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):	a. Head of State is the Head of Government c. Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments:	Article 20: (1) The President shall be elected by obtaining more than 50 percent of the votes cast by voters through free, universal, secret and direct polling. Elections for the new President shall be held within thirty to sixty days prior to the end of the presidential term. If in the first round none of the candidates gets more than fifty percent of the votes, elections for the second round shall be held within two weeks from the date election results are proclaimed, and, in this round, only two candidates who have received the highest number of votes in the first round shall participate.
Source:	Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 61: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2014); Afghan Electoral Law, art. 20(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/Electoral%20Law%20Eng.pdf/view (2014).
Verified:	2019/09/24

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ES002

Question:	How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:	b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments:	Article 61(2): "If in the first round none of the candidates gets more than fifty percent of the votes, elections for the second round shall be held within two weeks from the date election results are proclaimed, and, in this round, only two candidates who have received the highest number of votes in the first round shall participate."
Source:	Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 61: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015); Afghan Electoral Law, art. 20: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/Electoral%20Law%20Eng.pdf/view (2014).
Verified:	2019/09/24

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ES003

Question:	Does the country have a president?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	The President shall be the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, executing his authorities in the executive, legislative and judiciary fields in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
Source:	Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 60: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015).
Verified:	2019/09/24

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ES004

Question:	The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:	b. Two chambers
Comments:	Article 82: "The National Assembly consists of two houses: House of People [Wolesi Jirga] and House of Elders [Mesherano Jirga]."
Source:	Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 82: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015).
Verified:	2019/09/24

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ES005

Question:	What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):	f. Single Non-Transferable Vote
Comments:	Wolesi Jirga has 249 seats out of which 239 seats are allocated to the provinces in proportion to their population and the remaining 10 seats are allocated to Kuchis. The members of the Wolesi Jirga are elected through non-transferable votes.
Source:	Afghan Electoral Law, art. 22: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/Electoral%20Law%20Eng.pdf/view (2014); Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 83: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015).
Verified:	2019/09/24

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