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Electoral Systems

Japan Japan

ES001

Head of State
Question:How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s): g. Inherited monarchy
Comments: The Emperor shall be the symbol of the State and the unity of the people, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power. The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet.
Source: Constitution, Art. 1-2: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
Verified: 2021/09/17
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES002

Head of Government
Question:How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer: c. Indirectly elected by legislature/chosen by parliament
Comments: The Prime Minister shall be designated from among the members of the Diet by a resolution of the Diet.
Source: Constitution, Art. 67: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
Verified: 2021/09/17
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES003

President
Question:Does the country have a president?
Answer: b. No
Comments:
Source: Constitution, Art. 1-2: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
Verified: 2019/07/09
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES004

Number of Chambers
Question:The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer: b. Two chambers
Comments: The Diet shall consist of two Houses, namely the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. Both Houses shall consist of elected members, representative of all the people.
Source: Constitution, Art. 42: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
Verified: 2021/09/17
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
ES005

Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question:What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s): e. Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies)
Comments: The electoral system is the combination of FPTP and PR. 289 out of 465 seats are elected through FPTP system while the other 176 are decided by PR with closed party lists. For PR system there are 11 districts and the magnitude of the districts varies from 6 to 28 according to the population size.
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/naruhodo/naruhodo03.html Constitution, Art. 43: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html; Public Offices Election Act, Art.4: https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
Verified: 2021/09/17
(Found a mistake? Please let us know.)
The data on this page is continuously updated. Additional, but potentially outdated material is available here.