Info
Electoral Systems
ES001
Head of State
Question: How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):
a . Head of State is the Head of Government b . Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
Comments: The President is elected for 6 years with the majority of votes in direct elections.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 80 & 81: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES002
Head of Government
Question: How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:
a . Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
Comments: The president of the Republic is both the Head of State and of Government.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 81: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES003
President
Question: Does the country have a president?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 80–83: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES004
Number of Chambers
Question: The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:
b . Two chambers
Comments: The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members, elected for a three-year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-member constituencies by plurality vote, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in five 40-seat constituencies. The Chamber of Senators has 128 members, elected for a six-year term, 96 of them in three-seat constituencies (corresponding to the nation's 32 states) and 32 by proportional representation on a nationwide basis. In the state constituencies, two seats are awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first runner-up.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 50–53 & 56: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 13 & 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES005
Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
e . Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies)
Comments: The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members, elected for a three-year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-member constituencies by plurality, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in five 40-seat constituencies.
Under no circumstance, a party or electoral coalition can hold more than 300 seats, regardless of the voting percentage cast in its favour.
As a general rule, no party or electoral coalition can obtain a total of seats that exceeds by more than 8 points the percentage of votes cast in its favour. For example, if a party gets 40% of the total voting, it may not have more than 48% of all the seats, that is to say, 240 out of the 500.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
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Additional, but potentially outdated material is available here.
