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Systèmes électoraux

Mexique

ES001

Chef de l’État

Question	Comment est sélectionné le chef de l’État?
Réponses	a. Le chef de l’État est le chef du gouvernement b. Directement élu dans le cadre d’élections générales (majorité simple)
Réponses
Source	Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 80 & 81: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ; Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Vérifié	2024/04/12

ES002

Chef du gouvernement

Question	Comment est choisi le chef du gouvernement?
Answer:	a. Directement élu dans le cadre d’élections générales (majorité simple)
Réponses	The presidential period lasts for 6 years. Under no circumstances is reelection permitted.
Source	Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 81: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ; Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Vérifié	2024/04/12

ES003

Président

Question	Le pays a-t-il un président?
Answer:	a. Oui
Réponses	President Felipe Calderón (since December 1st, 2006).
Source	Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 80–83: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/
Vérifié	2024/04/12

ES004

Nombre de chambres

Question	Le corps législatif national est composé de (une/deux chambres):
Answer:	b. Deux chambres
Réponses	The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members, elected for a three year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-seat constituencies by plurality, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in 5 multi-state, 40-seat constituencies. The Chamber of Senators has 128 members, elected for a six-year term, 96 of them in three-seat constituencies (corresponding to the nation's 31 states and one Federal District) and 32 by proportional representation on a nationwide basis. In the state constituencies, two seats are awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first runner-up.
Source	Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 50–53 & 56: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ; Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 13 & 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Vérifié	2024/04/12

ES005

Système électoral (chambre 1)

Question	Quel système électoral est utilisé pour la chambre 1 du corps législatif national?
Réponses	e. Parallèle (segmenté)(listes RP et circonscriptions majoritaires)
Réponses	The Federal Chamber of Deputies has 500 members, elected for a three year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-seat constituencies by plurality, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in 5 multi-state, 40-seat constituencies. Immediate re-election is not permitted, however, deputies can be re-elected after one electoral period has passed. Out of the 500 members, 300 are elected through the principle of plurality (relative majority) in identical number of single member districts. The other 200 seats are assigned through a PR system based on party lists in five multimember constituencies (40 seats in each) It is very important to mention two constitutional provisions regarding the integration of the Chamber of Deputies: 1. Under no circumstance, a party or electoral coalition can hold more than 300 seats, regardless of the voting percentage cast in its favor. 2. As a general rule, no party or electoral coalition can obtain a total of seats that exceeds by more than 8 points the percentage of votes cast in its favor. For example, if a party gets 40% of the total voting, it may not have more than 48% of all the seats, that is to say, 240 out of the 500. On the basis that there is some relation between the seats obtained by the plurality system and those assigned by PR, some scholars use to classify this systems as mixed member proportional(MMP). The case can be discussed, but we would simply say that the Mexican systems falls somewhere between a pure segmented system like the Russian and a pure MMP system like the German.
Source	Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ; Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Vérifié	2024/04/12

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