|
total countries/territories: 225
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The Electoral Code, Article 12
2 Any Albanian citizen with the right to vote may be appointed a member of the CEC provided that the candidate fulfils the following criteria, ect.
IDEA Handbook: Multiparty EMBs comprise a mixture of political party nominees. In Albania, the party-affiliated members represent the distribution of seats in the legislature.(page 110)
Source:
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, Art.12.
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/electoral-management-design-2014.pdf) (page 110, link last accessed May 2017)
|
2017/05/17
|
|
Algeria
|
e. No Information Available
|
The national election management authority is composed of public servants of the Ministry of Interior selected by the president.
Source:
EU EOM Final Report on the Algerian Legislative Elections of 12 May 2012, p. 12-14: http://www.eueom.eu/files/pressreleases/english/rapport_final_05_08_2012_FR.pdf (2013);
NDI Final Report on Algeria's Legislative Elections of 10 May 2012, p. 16-18: http://www.ndi.org/files/Algeria-Report-Leg-Elections-ENG.pdf (2013);
Official Website of the Ministry of Interior: http://www.interieur.gov.dz/Dynamics/frmItem.aspx?html=10&s=24 (2013);
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 168-187: http://www.parliament.am/library/norelectoral%20law/aljir.pdf (2017)
|
2019/09/25
|
|
American Samoa
|
b. Expertise
|
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Andorra
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum", art. 27 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/
|
2023/06/09
|
|
Angola
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the National Electoral Commission are appointed on the basis of the criteria of civic responsibility and moral integrity, technical competence and can not belong to senior management at any level, any political party or coalition. The president of the Commission is a judge chosen on the basis of merit.
Source:
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 143 (1-a, 2): http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc46fa0b3-c947-4440-ae92-5f1a3a275d8a%7D.pdf (2017);
Law n.º 12/12 of 13 April 2012 regulating the organisation and functioning of the National Electoral Commission, art. 7 (1-a, 2): http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc749c249-1c14-43bb-a49d-db985d718de6%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/28
|
|
Anguilla
|
b. Expertise
|
The Supervisor of Elections shall...
"exercise general direction and supervision over the administrative conduct of elections and enforce on the part of all election officers fairness, impartiality and compliance with this Act and the regulations;"
Source:
Elections Act, Art. 6.
|
2015/02/24
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Representation of the People Act, art 3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/antigua-and-barbuda-amendment-to-the-1/view
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Argentina
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Decree-Law 1285/58: “Decreto-Ley 1285/58 — sobre la organización de la Justicia Nacional” art. 3: http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/35000-39999/37915/texact.htm
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
b. Expertise
|
3. Everyone, meeting the requirements for Deputies, shall be eligible for being elected as
member of the Central Electoral Commission provided that he or she has:
(1) higher legal education and at least 3 years of professional work record within the last 5
years;
- 31 - CDL-REF(2016)042
(2) scientific degree in law and at least 2 years of professional work record within the last 5
years;
(3) higher education and at least 5 years of work record of public service in state bodies
within the last 10 years; or
(4) higher education and at least 3 years of professional experience in a standing electoral
commission within the last 5 years or at least 3 years of work record in the staff of the
commission.
Source:
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016, art. 42 (3):
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e
|
2015/12/01
|
|
Aruba
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australia
|
b. Expertise
|
(3) The Chairperson and the non-judicial appointee shall be appointed
by the Governor-General and shall hold office on a part-time basis.
(4) The person appointed as Chairperson shall be a person whose name
is included in a list of the names of 3 eligible Judges submitted to
the Governor-General for the purposes of this section by the Chief
Justice of the Federal Court of Australia.(5) A person shall not be appointed as the non-judicial appointee
unless the person is the holder of:
(a) an office of Agency Head (within the meaning of the Public
Service Act 1999); or
(b) an office established by or under an Act and having, in the
opinion of the Governor-General, a status equivalent to that
of an office referred to in paragraph (a).
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019) Section 6 (3),(4),(5): https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/10/29
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Six members of the Central Election Commission shall be nominated by and represent the political party of which the deputies constitute the majority in the Milli Majlis; six members of the Central Election Commission shall be nominated by and represent the nonpartisan (independent) deputies; and six members shall be nominated by and represent the political parties of which the
deputies constitute the minority in the Milli Majlis.
Members of the Central Election Commission must have obtained higher education.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 24.3 and 24.4: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art 12
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BS/bahamas-parliamentary-elections-act-2012/view (2017)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahrain
|
b. Expertise
|
The Supreme Committee comprises a large number of judges and legal consultants appointed by the Minister of Justice and Islamic Affairs. The Minister of Justice and Islamic Affairs is the head of the Supreme Committee.
Source:
Decree No. 14 of 2002 on Exercising Political Rights, art. 18: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-law-by-decree-on-exercising-political/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Barbados
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2012/01/31
|
|
Belarus
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The Central Commission is formed with 12 persons from the citizens of the Republic of Belarus, having, as a rule, higher juridical education and experience in organizing and holding elections and referenda.
Source:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
d. Not Applicable
|
The members of the Directorate for Elections are civil servant of the Ministry of Interior.
Source:
Official Website of the Ministry of Interior, Directorate for Elections:
http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/index.php?id=33&L=0 (2012)
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Belize
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The chairman and two other members of the Elections and Boundaries Commission shall be appointed by the Governor-General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition, and the remaining two members shall be appointed by the Governor-General acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given with the concurrence of the Leader of the Opposition.
Source:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Section 88: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benin
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the National Autonomous Electoral Commission are chosen from among citizens of recognized competence, probity, impartiality, morality and patriotism.
Source:
Law n ° 2010-33 of 7 January 2011 setting general rules for the elections in the Republic of Benin, art. 13 (2): http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-electorale-generale-pour-2011.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bermuda
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 6
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Bhutan
|
b. Expertise
|
A person shall be eligible for appointment or to serve as the Chief Election Commissioner or the Election
Commissioner, if he/she is:
(a) A natural born citizen of Bhutan;
(b) Not married to a person who is not a citizen of
Bhutan;
(c) Not convicted of any criminal offence; and
(d) Not in arrears of taxes or other dues to the
Government
The Druk Gyalpo shall, by warrant under His hand and seal, appoint the Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners from a list of names recommended jointly by the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of Bhutan, the Speaker, the Chairperson of the National Council and the Leader of the Opposition Party
Source:
Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008, Chapter 3, Article 21,22: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivia
|
b. Expertise
|
In order to be appointed member of the Supreme Electoral Court, it is required: academic qualification with at least five years of professional experience; be at least 30 years old at the time of appointment; have Bolivian citizenship; have fulfilled any military service obligations; be registered in the electoral roll; speak at least two of the official languages of Bolivia; and, not be affiliated to any political party.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 206 (IV), 207, 234: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
EMB Law: "Ley del Órgano Electoral Plurinacional — Ley 018-2010", art. 13 (3), 14: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-018-2010-organo-electoral-plurinacional-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/09
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
b. Expertise
|
The nominees for the Central Election Commission of BiH shall be jointly nominated by the members of the Commission for Selection and Nomination. The Central Election Commission of BiH nominees shall be legal experts with experience in the administration of elections and/or electoral experts and may not hold any office in the bodies of a political party, association or foundations organizationally or financially related to the political party, and may not be involved in any political party activity.
Source:
Electoral Law: Election law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, art. 2.5 (2)
http://izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version_2018.pdf
|
2025/06/23
|
|
Botswana
|
b. Expertise
|
There shall be an Independent Electoral Commission which shall consist of a Chairman who shall be a judge of the High Court appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a legal practitioner appointed by the Judicial Service Commission and five other persons who are fit, proper and impartial, appointed by the Judicial Service Commission from a list of persons recommended by the All Party Conference (a meeting of all registered political parties convened from time to time by the Minister).
Source:
Constitution of Botswana, art. 65A (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
|
2014/10/27
|
|
Brazil
|
b. Expertise
|
Article 119:
The Superior Electoral Court shall be composed of at least seven members, chosen:
I – by election, through secret ballot:
a) three judges from among the ministers of the Federal Supreme Court;
b) two judges from among the ministers of the Superior Court of Justice;
II – by appointment of the President of the Republic, two judges from among six lawyers of notable legal knowledge and moral integrity, indicated by the Federal Supreme Court.
Sole Paragraph. The Superior Electoral Court shall elect its president and vice president from among the ministers of the Federal Supreme Court, and the electoral Corregidor from among the ministers of the Superior Court of Justice.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 119:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 16:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/23
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 23: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013);
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. Partisanship
|
In appointing the members of the Central Election Commission, other than (President, Vice-Presidents and Secretary) , the ratio remains among parliamentary parties and coalitions, as parties and coalitions that have selected their candidate lists MEPs but are not represented in Parliament are entitled to one of its members to the Central Election Commission. Representatives of one party or coalition can not have a majority on the committee.
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Code, art. 46:7, 46:8
http://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=82965 (2014)
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Independent National Electoral Commission must be of moral integrity and in full possession of their civil rights. In addition, they must be at least 35 and maximum 70 years old and they must not be affiliated to any political party.
Source:
Electoral Code as amended in 2015, art. 5, 11: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
b. Expertise
|
The Chairman and members of Election Commission shall be persons:
a. who have attained 50 years of age;
b. whom the State Peace and Development Council deems to have a good reputation among the people;
c. who has dignity and integrity and is well-experienced;
d. who is loyal to the State and its citizens;
e. who is not a member of any political party;
f. who draw no salary, allowances, supplements and do not hold any office.
Source:
The Union Election Commission Law, art. 4: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Union%20Election%20Commission%20Law.pdf (2013);
Constitution of Myanmar, art. 398 (b):http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Decree No. 100/76 of 12 March 2012 regulating the organization and functioning of the Independent National Electoral Commission, art. 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BI/burundi-decree-no-100-76-of-12-march-2012-on-the/view
Constitution, art. 90: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
b. Expertise
|
Members of the National Election Committee shall be selected among Cambodian dignitaries of both sexes with the following qualifications:
- Must be Cambodian nationality by birth and hold only one citizenship while performing duties at the National Election Committee
- Aged at least 35 (thirty five) years old on the day of appointment - Eligible to vote
- Holding a degree in higher education
- At least 10 (ten) year experience
- Not a spouse or a relative by blood or relative by marriage through the third generation of the President or Vice-president of a political party competing in the elections.
Source:
Law on the Organization and Functioning of the National Election Committee, art. 5: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-NEC-Law_Eng-337982827.pdf
|
2018/08/15
|
|
Cameroon
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Electoral Council are chosen from among persons of Cameroonian nationality, recognized for their competence, moral integrity, intellectual honesty, their sense of patriotism, their neutrality and impartiality.
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter I section 12 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/05
|
|
Canada
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_inlay_final.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
b. Expertise
|
The President of the National Electoral Assembly must be a citizen of reputed merit, hold a degree in law, be in full possession of his/her civil and political rights and have at least seven years of professional experience. The remaining members of the National Electoral Assembly must be qualified citizens of recognised merit.
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 12: http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
d. Not Applicable
|
The Supervisor of Elections is appointed by the Governor of the Cayman Islands from among senior officers in the public service. The normal role of the Supervisor of Elections is as Chief Officer in the Ministry of Employment and Border Control.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”, Section 3 & 4: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
Electoral Observation Report: “Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Election Expert Mission, Final Report”, page 7: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-cpa-bimr-electoral-observation-report-2021/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Independent Electoral Commission are appointed on the basis of competency, moral integrity and good citizenship.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 15, 12 (2): http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The Independent National Electoral Commission membership is based on a combination of party and expert membership. The President of the Commission is selected amongst personalities recognised for their competences, experience, moral integrity and strong vision. 15 members are selected from political parties having the majority and 15 members from the opposition.
Source:
Law No. 020/PR/2010 establishing a National Independent Electoral Commission amended by Law No. 022/PR/2010, art. 4 (1) : http://www.iss.co.za/uploads/CHADCENI.PDF (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
b. Expertise
|
Members of the Directive Council of the Electoral Service, must be Chilean citizens with the right to vote; hold a university degree (in a career of a length of at least eight-semesters); professional experience of no less than five years; and not have been in any directive position at a national or local level for a political party during the last five years prior to the appointment.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Sistema de Inscripciones Electorales y Servicio Electoral (2016)”, art. 63:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-el-sistema-de-inscripciones/
|
2025/03/04
|
|
China
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
b. Expertise
|
6. (3) The Chairperson and the non-judicial appointee shall be appointed by the Governor-General and shall hold office on a part-time basis.
(4) The person appointed as Chairperson shall be a person whose name is included in a list of the names of 3 eligible Judges submitted to the Governor-General for the purposes of this section by the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia.
(5) A person shall not be appointed as the non-judicial appointee unless the person is the holder of:
(a) an office of Agency Head (within the meaning of the Public Service Act 1999); or
(b) an office established by or under an Act and having, in the opinion of the Governor-General, a status equivalent to that of an office referred to in paragraph (a).
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, section 6: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2019/07/08
|
|
Colombia
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 264, 266: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016).
|
2024/12/12
|
|
Comoros
|
b. Expertise
|
The Independent National Electoral Commission is composed of thirteen (13) members distributed as follows:
three (3) lawyers, mainly specialized in public law, including at least one woman;
two (2) representatives of public administrations, including at least one woman;
two (2) representatives of civil society, including at least one woman;
six (6) independent personalities of great professional reputation, including at least one woman, a computer scientist and a statistician.
Source:
Law No 10-018/AU Amending certain provisions of the Electoral Act No. 07-001/AU of 14 January 2007, art. 45
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
New Organe. CENI (2023). https://cenivotecomores.com/organe/new#:~:text=un%20Secr%C3%A9taire.,7)%20jours%20de%20sa%20convocation.&text=La%20CECI%20est%20compos%C3%A9e%20de,repr%C3%A9sentant%20de%20la%20soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20civile
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The Independent National Electoral Commission is composed of state officials, members of political parties and of the civil society.
Source:
Electoral Law of 24 November 2001, Art. 18: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
Electoral Law of 24 November 2001, Amended 2016, Art. 20: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-amendments-2016/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
b. Expertise
|
The members the Independent National Electoral Commission are chosen among independent personalities recognized for their competences, moral and intellectual integrity.
Source:
LAW N ° 13/012 OF APRIL 19, 2013 on the organisation, duties and functions of the Independent Electoral Commission, Article 12. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/republique-democratique-du-congo-avril-2013-loi/view
|
2018/11/08
|
|
Cook Islands
|
e. No Information Available
|
The only requirement: Except for Scrutineers, no election official shall hold any official position in connection with any political organization.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, Art. 5(6)
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Costa Rica
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica”, art. 159: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-constitucion-politica-reformas-2015.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
b. Expertise
|
Article 5: Two Chairpersons are elected by the general session of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia from among the ranks of the judges of that court, on the proposal of the President of the Supreme Court.
Article 8: The Vice-Chairpersons who are not from the ranks of judges and members of the Commission must be citizens of the Republic of Croatia residing in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, with the general right to election, who are law graduates with 10 years of work experience in the field of law, knowledge of the political and electoral systems and who are not members of any political party.
Source:
Act on the State Electoral Commission of the Republic of Croatia (2006) (with the Act of Amendments to the Act on the State Electoral Commission of the Republic of Croatia), art. 5 & 8.
http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/2264/file/Croatia_Act_State_Electoral_Commission_2006.pdf
|
2020/07/06
|
|
Cuba
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 211: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 23: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/ ;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=oEAx0qfKMaw
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
d. Not Applicable
|
from OSCE: When election date is announced, the Minister of Interior appoints the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry as the General Returning Officer responsible for the administration of elections and supported by the Central Electoral Office of the MoI that functions on a permanent basis.
The District Officers of six administrative divisions of the country are appointed as District Returning Officers and are responsible for the organization of the elections at the district level. District Returning Officers appoint presiding officers and up to six assistants for each polling station
Source:
Parliamentary Elections, 22 May 2016 OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report p. 5
https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/cyprus/230496?download=true
Official website of the Central Electoral Service:
http://moi.gov.cy (2016).
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
d. Not Applicable
|
The EMB members are composed of each ministry of the government.
Article 8
(1) Every voter may become a member of an election board unless the said voter has been denied the right to vote. No candidate for a seat in the Parliament of the Czech Republic shall be a member of an election board.
Article 12 The Central Election Board
(1) Each Political Party and/or each coalition that submits for registration a list of its candidates for the elections to the Chamber of Delegates shall have the right to be represented on the Central Election Board. Up to two party/coalition representatives and two stand-ins may be proposed to the Minister of the Interior no later than sixty days prior to the first election day to the Chamber of Delegates.
(2) If the delegated representatives (Paragraph 1 of this Article) meet the requirements stipulated by the provisions of the above Article 8, Paragraph 1 herein, the Minister of the Interior shall appoint them members of the Central Election Board, and shall grant them a membership card.
Article 12:
Source:
Electoral Law: ZÁKON o volbách do zastupitelstev krajů a o změně některých zákonů, art. 7-8, 12
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-act-no.-247-on-elections-to-the/view
(2017)
|
2023/09/14
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Law no. 2004-642 of Dec.14, 2004, amending law no. 2001-634 of Oct. 9, 2001, on the composition, organization, powers, and functioning of the Independent Electoral Commission, art. 5: http://cndj.ci/CEI.htm (2012)
|
2012/12/14
|
|
Denmark
|
b. Expertise
|
4.-(2)The chairman must be a High Court or Supreme Court judge, and either of the other members must be an expert on constitutional law. The extra member of the Board in cases specified in subsection (1)(ii) and (iii) must be an expert on name and trade mark rights. A deputy chairman and a substitute for both of the two other members must be appointed by the same rules.
Source:
Folketing (Parliamentary) Elections Act, Consolidated Act No. 369 of 10 April 2014. Part 4 Electoral Registers and Poll Cards. Election Board, pg. 5-6. https://valg.oim.dk/media/16286/consolidated-act-parliament-elections-incl-chapt2-2014.pdf
|
2019/05/27
|
|
Djibouti
|
b. Expertise
|
The CENI has autonomy in managing the budget allocated for each election. The members of the CENI are chosen among the personalities recognized for their competence, their probity, their impartiality, their morality and their patriotic sense.
Source:
Decree 2005-0024/PR/MID on the composition and functioning of the Independent National Electoral Commission, art. 2: http://www.ceni.dj/images/ceni2016/img/TEXTESJURIDIQUES.pdf (2016)
|
2018/03/30
|
|
Dominica
|
e. No Information Available
|
The selection criteria are not specified in the law. The Constitution only states that a person shall not be qualified to be appointed as a member of a Commission if he is a member of the house of Assembly or a public officer.
Source:
Constitution of Dominica (1978), Section 56 (4): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
b. Expertise
|
All members of the Central Electoral Board must be Dominicans by birth or origin, be more than 35 years old and in full possession of their civil and political rights. In addition, all members, including alternates, must have a Law degree or a PhD and at least 12 years of experience. Finally, they should reside or move to the city of Santo Domingo, where the headquarters of the Central Electoral Board are.
Source:
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19 art. 12 y 13: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
b. Expertise
|
To become a member of the National Electoral Council, it is required to be an Ecuadorian citizen and be in full possession of their political rights.
In order to become member of the Electoral Contentious Tribunal, it is required to be an Ecuadorian citizen, be in full possession of their political rights, to hold a university degree in law (legally recognized in the country) and to have served with proven integrity the professions of lawyer, judge or academic professor of law for a minimum of ten years.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 20: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
b. Expertise
|
They shall be selected by the Supreme Judicial Council and special councils of the aforementioned judicial bodies and organizations, as the case may be, provided that they are not members thereof. They shall be appointed by virtue of a decree by the President of the Republic.
Source:
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 209: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/23
|
|
El Salvador
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
For the three members nominated by political parties or coalitions who obtained the most votes in the last presidential election, it is required to be Salvadoran, over 30 years old, not belonging to a religious order, be honest and notorious and have been in full possession of his/her political rights in the five years preceding his/her election.
The two remaining members nominated by the Supreme Court shall be eligible to be judges of the courts of second instance and have no party affiliation.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 208: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”, art. 43–45: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
Presidential decree No. 40/ 2013 of 28 March 2013: http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2013/DecretoNum.40_2013%281%29.pdf (2016);
Law No. 7/2012 of 16 November 2012 regulating elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, municipal elections and referenda
|
2016/05/03
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Partisanship
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Estonia
|
b. Expertise
|
§ 11: (1) A person who has the right to vote according to subsections 4 (1)-(3) of this Act and whose authority of a member of an electoral committee has not been terminated in the course of the last five years by a resolution of the National Electoral Committee may be a member of an electoral committee. A member of an electoral committee shall be proficient in Estonian.
§ 11: (5) The authority of a member of an electoral committee shall be suspended if he or she:
1) becomes an authorised representative of a political party;
2) becomes an authorised representative of an independent candidate;
3) is nominated as a candidate for election to the Riigikogu;
4) by a Resolution of a county electoral committee or the National Electoral Committee.
Source:
Electoral Law: Riigikogu Election Act as amended on 13 April 2016, §4(1)-(3), §11(1) &(5)1.
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2019/02/19
|
|
Ethiopia
|
b. Expertise
|
The composition of Board members shall take into consideration national contribution, and gender representation, and at least one member of the Board shall be a lawyer. The members shall:
a) be loyal to the Constitution;
b) be non-partisans;
c) have professional competence;
d) be known for their good conduct
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 6 (3) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
e. No Information Available
|
The requirements for appointing the registration officer(s) are not listed in the law.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 7(1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
b. Expertise
|
A person is not qualified for appointment as a member of the Electoral Commission if s/he is a member of Parliament, the holder of a public office (other than that of Judge), a member of a local authority, or a candidate for election to Parliament.
The Chairperson of the Electoral Commission must be qualified to be a Judge.
Source:
Constitution, sec. 75 (6, 8): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/18
|
|
Finland
|
e. No Information Available
|
"Guidelines on the mechanisms for nominating electoral committee members could be considered to promote consistency and minimize bias. "
There is nothing in the legal framework on this. The above is from an OSCE observation report
Source:
REPUBLIC OF FINLAND PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 17 April 2011
OSCE/ODIHR Election Assessment Mission Report p. 8
http://aceproject.org/regions-en/countries-and-territories/FI/default?set_language=en
|
2018/03/16
|
|
France
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Official Website of the Constitutional Court: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/le-conseil-constitutionnel/presentation-generale/presentation-generale.206.html (2017);
Constitution, Art. 56
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
|
2020/06/21
|
|
Gabon
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The vice presidents and two reports are selected in part due to their political party affiliation.
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments, art. 12
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view
(2017)
|
2025/05/13
|
|
Gambia
|
b. Expertise
|
A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Commission if
(a) he or she is a member of the National assembly;
(b) he or she is, or has at any time during the two years immediately preceding his or her appointment, been nominated as a candidate for election as a member of the National Assembly;
(c) he or she is, or has at any time during such period of two years been, the holder of any office in any organization that sponsors or otherwise supports or has at an time sponsored or otherwise supported, a candidate for election as a member of the National Assembly or of any local government authority or if he or she has actively identified himself or herself
with any such organization;
(d) if he or she holds an office in the public service other than as a members of the Commission or the staff of the Commission; or
(e) if he or she has been convicted in any country of any offense involving dishonesty or moral turpitude.
Source:
Constitution, Chapter V, part II, section 42 (5): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
b. Expertise
|
Candidate for CEC membership should be a capable citizen of Georgia, have attained the age of 25, be non-partisan, have higher education, be fluent in the official language of Georgia, hold a working experience of not less than 3 years and hold certificate of the election administration official.
The following shall not be elected/appointed as a member of the CEC:
a) a person who does not hold a certificate of election administration official;
b) a person who has been dismissed from a position at the election administration by the
election commission or the court, due to a breach of the election legislation of Georgia;
c) a person whose violation of the election legislation of Georgia was confirmed by the
court;
d) a person who has been convicted of a crime and whose previous convictions has not been
expunged;
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art. 10:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
Federal Elections Act, Section 9 (1)
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/4ff317c1-041f-4ba7-bbbf-1e5dc45097b3/bundeswahlgesetz_engl.pdf
|
2025/03/12
|
|
Ghana
|
b. Expertise
|
A person is not qualified to be appointed a member of the Electoral Commission unless he is qualified to be elected as a member of Parliament.
Source:
- Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, art. 44 (1):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/view
- The Electoral Commission Act, 1993 (Act 451), art. 5: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-provisions-on-the-establishment-of-the/view
|
2016/09/21
|
|
Gibraltar
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Parliament Act Number 1950-15
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1950-15o.pdf
|
2009/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
P.D. 49/1988 as amended, published on the Official Journal of the Government ΦΕΚ 18 - 29.01.1988, art. 9:1
|
2012/11/13
|
|
Greenland
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution, art 35
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Guam
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The Governor appoints six members based on the recommendation of the recognized political parties of Guam. The seventh member is appointed by the other six members, the appointment must be ratified by four of the six appointed members.
Source:
Guam Code Annotated, Title 3, Ch.2, Art. 2101(a):
https://law.justia.com/codes/guam/2019/title-3/chapter-2/
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal should meet the same requirements established for judges of the Supreme Court.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”, art. 207: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 124: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guernsey
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/04
|
|
Guinea
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the CENI must be Guinean nationals recognised for their competence and integrity, be at least 25 years old and in full possession of their civil and political rights.
Source:
Organic Law L/2012/016/CNT of 19 September 2012 on the composition, organization and functions of the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI), art. 4, 5: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-organic-law-l-2012-016-cnt-of-19-september/view
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
b. Expertise
|
Candidates for the positions of President and Executive Director of the National Electoral Commission must be nationals with recognized capacity and preferably Judges of Appeal.
Source:
Law of 12 December 2009 on the National Electoral Commission, art. 2 (1, 3), 3 (2): http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_da_cne.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Partisanship
|
Source:
"Constitution of Guyana", art 161, sec 3
(http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GY/guyana-constitution-1996/view)
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2015/05/10
|
|
Haiti
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
d. Not Applicable
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de 1982", art. 52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 9, 31: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
b. Expertise
|
The person appointed as Chairman under subsection (2)(a) must be a Judge of the High Court and he must be so appointed in consultation with the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal.
Subject to subsection (5), only a person who has the right to vote under Article 26 of the Basic Law may be
appointed or hold office as a member of the Commission.
Source:
Electoral Affairs Commission Ordinance, Sec.3 (3); http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-electoral-affairs-commission-ordinance/view
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Sec.17(1)
d) National Electoral Commission members must be voters in the central register.
Sec.18
...the following persons may not serve on election commissions:
a) members of political parties;
b) members of nominating organisations that put forward a candidate in the constituency in question;
c) relatives of candidates standing in the constituency in question;
d) persons in Government service, public employee or service relationship or other work-related relationship with central administration bodies as defined in the Act on Central Administration Authorities, and on the Legal Status of Members of the Government and State Secretaries or other administrative bodies with powers in the election commission's areas of competence, and state leaders.
Source:
Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (last modified by Act CCVII of 2013), Section 17 & 18: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=159995.32946.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Parliamentary Election Act, Art. 12
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3897/file/Iceland_Act_Parliamentary_Elections_to_Althing_2000_en.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
The Constitution of India, Article 324: https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf
|
2024/06/19
|
|
Indonesia
|
b. Expertise
|
The requirements to become candidates for members of KPU, Provincial KPU, or Regency/Municipality KPU are: citizen of the Republic of Indonesia; on the day of registration shall be of the age of no less than 35 (thirty five) years old for the candidates for KPU members and of the age of no less than 30 (thirty) years for the candidates for Provincial KPU members or Regency/Municipality KPU members; faithful to Pancasila as the state foundation and the Constitution of 1945 and the aspirations of the Independence Proclamation of August 17, 1945; having integrity, strong personality, honesty, and fairness; having knowledge and skill related to the implementation of Election; having educational background of no less than Bachelor Degree (S-1) for candidates for KPU members and Provincial KPU members and at least, high school graduate or equivalent for candidates for members of Regency/Municipality KPU; having a domicile in the area of the Republic of Indonesia for members of KPU, in the relevant provincial area for Provincial KPU members, or in the relevant Regency/Municipality for members of Regency/Municipality KPU as proven by their national identity card; physically and mentally competent; having resigned from political party membership, political position, position in government and State/Regional government owned Company at the time of enrolment as a candidate; has never been sentenced or imprisoned based on a final and legally binding verdict for a criminal act punishable by imprisonment of 5 (five) years or more; willing to work full time; willing not to serve in any political position, position in the government and a state/regional government owned company during the membership term if elected; not in the status of marriage with other Election Implementers.
Source:
Law 15/2011 on the General Election Implementers, art. 11: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-of-the-republic-of-indonesia-15-2011
|
2014/04/02
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
b. Expertise
|
The Elections Office is a permanent structure in the Ministry of Interior. It is located in the Bureau of Political Affairs, and is staffed with permanent officers including, a director, two deputy directors, and 25 senior experts in the areas of statistics, elections, legal affairs, logistics, and budgets.
During Presidential elections, a Central Supervisory Committee is created which is composed of two members of the Guardian council and five "reputable" Muslims.
Source:
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
b. Expertise
|
Candidates for the membership of the Board of Commissioners must fulfill the following:
1. Must be an Iraqi citizen residing permanently in Iraq
2. Must have at least a first university degree
3. Must not be less than thirty five years old.
4. Must be of good behaviour
5. Must be competent and experienced in the field of administrative work.
6. Must be politically independent
7. Must not be covered by the De-Ba'thification law, and must not have enriched himself on the account of public money or committed a crime against the Iraqi people or be affiliated to a repressive apparatus.
8. Must not have been convicted of a dishonorable crime.
Source:
Law of the Independent High Electoral Commission, Section 3(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-law-of-the-independent-high-electoral/view
|
2018/04/15
|
|
Ireland
|
d. Not Applicable
|
d) Civil Servants of the Ministry of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government
Source:
Official Website of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government: http://www.environ.ie/en/LocalGovernment/Voting/
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
a. Partisanship
|
The members of the committee are representatives of the parliamentary groups in the Knesset: For each parliamentary group having four or more members, there is one member in the Central Elections Committee per four members of Knesset. Any parliamentary group with fewer than four members has at least one representative on the Committee.
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/electoral-management-design-2014.pdf)
Central Elections Committee, Overview of the Central Elections Committee : http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections17/eng/cec/CecAboutGeneral_eng.htm
|
2019/05/02
|
|
Italy
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The membership in the Electoral Commission is based on a combination of party and expert membership, while the Director of Elections is an expert-based position.
Source:
The Electoral Commission (Interim) Act 2006
|
2012/02/20
|
|
Japan
|
b. Expertise
|
The members are appointed by the prime minister as designated by the Diet. They shall not be a member of the Diet. Also, there can not be more than three people who have the same political affiliation.
Source:
Public Offices Election Act, Art.5-2(2)(3);
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
|
2019/07/09
|
|
Jersey
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/04
|
|
Jordan
|
b. Expertise
|
The Commissioner or Secretary General shall fulfil the following conditions:
1. Must hold the Jordanian nationality for at least 10 years and enjoy full civil
eligibility.
2. Must hold at least the first university degree
3. Must not be a member of the parliament.
4. Must not be below 40 years of age.
5. Must be competent and experienced.
6. Must have a good reputation and conduct and known for integrity.
7. Must not be convicted of any crime or punitive sentence related to misconduct of
morality or public order, honour, honesty, or any other offense, even if subject
person was rehabilitated or included in a general pardon.
8. Must not be a member of any political party.
B. The Commissioner and the Secretary General shall work full-time for the Commission and its activities. He shall not be an employee in the public or private sectors, a merchant, a member of the management board or the board of directors of any company, or a chairman or member of the board of any private or public institution, and he shall not perform any paid work for any entity regardless of its nature.
C. The Commissioner shall undertake the following oath before the King upon the appointment and prior to commencing work:
I swear by Almighty God to be loyal to the King and to the country, and to preserve the constitution, to respect the laws, and to perform the duties entrusted to me with complete honesty, integrity, and impartiality.
D. The Secretary General shall undertake the oath stated in paragraph (C) of this Article before the board.
Source:
Law No. 46 of 2015: Law to Amend the Law on the Independent Election Commission, art. 9: http://iec.jo/sites/default/files/4%20Consolidated%20Law%20on%20the%20Independent%20Election%20Commission%202015%20EN%20%281%29_0.pdf (2016)
|
2016/08/02
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
e. No Information Available
|
The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall appoint the Chairperson and two members of the Central Election Commission,(art. 44).
Each of the Parliament Chambers shall independently, without participation from the other Chamber appoint two members of the Constitutional Council; and appoint two members of the Central Election Commission for a five-year term;(art. 57).
The Chairpersons of Parliament's Chambers shall nominate the members of the Constitutional Council, the Central Election Commission, and the Accounts Committee for Control over Implementation of the Republican Budget; (art. 58).
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan as amended on March 10, 2017, art. 44, 57, 58: https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-constitution-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/10/18
|
|
Kenya
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Independent Electoral and Boundaries Act 2011 Article 6(2)and the Constitution of Kenya Chapter 6
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Beretitenti, acting in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet. A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Commission if he is a member of the Maneaba, and no person shall be qualified for appointment as Chief Electoral Commissioner unless he is a judge or magistrate in Kiribati.
Source:
Article 62(4), Constitution of Kiribati
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
b. Expertise
|
The National Election Commission shall be composed of three members appointed by the President, three members selected by the National Assembly, and three members designated by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The Chairperson of the Commission shall be elected from among the members.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Korea, Article 114-115: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?lang=ENG&hseq=1
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Law No. 35 of 1962 on the election of members of Parliament with its amendments, art. 6, 18: http://www.gcc-legal.org/mojportalpublic/LawAsPDF.aspx?opt&country=1&LawID=2687#Section_3508 (2013)
|
2013/01/31
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
b. Expertise
|
The Central Election Commission member shall be a citizen of the Kyrgyz Republic, who reached the age of 21 years old and possess electoral right. The Central Election Commission members cannot be:
1) Jogorku Kenesh Deputy, local council deputy;
2) Official of state authority or local self-government;
3) Judge, military man, law enforcement or fiscal authority officer;
4) Candidate, representative of candidate or political party;
5) Member of another election commission;
6) Person whose previous convictions were not dropped or redeemed.
Source:
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”, art. 17: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The election committee at each level shall include representatives of the party committee, the local administrative authority, and mass organisations at such level. The national, provincial, municipal, and special zone election committees shall include representatives of the National Assembly
Source:
Law No. 37/PO on the Election of Members of the National Assembly, art. 20: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/17
|
|
Latvia
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Article 2: The Saeima shall elect the Chairperson of the Central Election Commission and seven Commission members, and the Supreme Court, at its plenum, shall elect one Commission member from among the judges.
Source:
Law: Law on the Central Election Commission as amended on 6 May 2010, art. 1: http://cvk.lv/pub/public/28127.html (2014)
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Parliamentary Election Law, art. 10: https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
https://elections.gov.lb/getattachment/00bbe177-0eec-4f8a-a4df-e47c7e19b4de/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%28PDF%29.aspx%20(2017)
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
b. Expertise
|
“There shall be an Independent Electoral Commission…which shall consist of the following members, being persons of high moral character and proven integrity, appointed by the King acting in accordance with the advice of the Council of State -
a. Chairman, being a person who holds, has held or qualifies to hold high judicial office; and
b. two other members, each of whom possesses any of the qualifications referred to in paragraph (a) or who possesses considerable experience and demonstrated competence in administration or in the conduct of public affairs. [Constitution, Article 66(1)]
Source:
Constitution of Lesotho, art. 66 (1-6).
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The Commissioners shall be Liberian citizens and shall not be
less than thirty-five (35) years of age. They shall be of good
moral character, and no two (2) Commissioners shall be from
the same county.
No Commissioner, election officer or any employee of the
Commission shall be a member, or an affiliate of any political
party, or of an association or organization; nor shall any
Commissioner, election officer or any employee of the
Commission canvass for any elective public office directly or
indirectly.
Source:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 2, Art. 2.3 & 2.5, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
b. Expertise
|
e HNEC Council shall be composed of seventeen (17) full-time members nominated by a decision of the interim NTC as follows:
Chairman and two deputies thereof, to be nominated by the committee established by Decision No. (180) of 2011 of the interim NTC, and appointed by the interim NTC.
Three judges acting as appellate court counsellors
Two attorneys-at-law
Two university and higher institute professors
Four members: two male and two female from civil society organizations
Administrative affairs expert
Member of the youth population
Member of the Libyan diaspora abroad
Candidates of items 2 to 8 of this Article shall be nominated by their respective entities. If the relevant entities do not nominate candidates, the committee established by Decision No. (180) of 2011 of the interim NTC shall nominate others at its own discretion in accordance with standards of patriotism and integrity approved by the interim NTC.
Source:
Law No. 3 on the Establishment of the High National Electoral Commission, Art. 8 (National Transitional Council of Libya): https://security-legislation.ly/latest-laws/law-no-3-of-2012-on-the-establishment-of-the-high-national-commission-for-elections/
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
a. Partisanship
|
Members of election commissions are nominated by political entities in proportion to their representation in the parliament.
Source:
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Principality of Liechtenstein, Parliamentary Elections 7 February 2021, Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2020 (6)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/a/f/473469.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Lithuania
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Article 7: 3. The Central Electoral Committee shall be composed of:
1) the Commission Chairman;
2) two persons with the university law degree who are nominated by the Minister of Justice and appointed by the Seimas by secret ballot;
3) two persons with the university law degree who are nominated by the Lithuanian Bar Association and appointed by the Seimas by secret ballot;
4) two persons with the university law degree who are nominated by the President of the Republic and appointed by the Seimas by secret ballot;
5) the persons nominated by the parties which have received mandates of the Seimas members in the multi-member constituency, where such persons have the university law degree and the experience of working in electoral committees
Source:
Republic of Lithuania Law on the Central Electoral Commission (20 June 2002 No. IX-985, As last amended on 18 November 2014 – No XII-1339) art. 7 (3)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/ea463d10f30311e3a8c1a1dee39661ca?jfwid=rivwzvpvg
The Central Electoral Commission of the Republic of Lithuania - About CEC
https://www.vrk.lt/en/vrk-apie
|
2020/06/07
|
|
Luxembourg
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/2009/02/12/n5/jo
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
b. Expertise
|
A person may be elected a President, Vice President or member of the State Election
Commission if he/she fulfils the following requirements:
− is a citizen of Republic of Macedonia and has a permanent residence in the Republic
of Macedonia;
− has completed higher education, with at least eight years of work experience;
− is not a member of a body of a political party.
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, article 27 (1): https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Madagascar
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Law n° 2012-004 establishing the Independent National Electoral Commission for the Transition, art. 20, 21, 22: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/Loi_2012-004_CENIT.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/08
|
|
Malawi
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Malawi, art. 75(1), (4).
Electoral Law: Electoral Commission Act, art. 4(1).
https://mec.org.mw/malawi-electoral-laws-2/
|
2025/05/26
|
|
Malaysia
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 114 (2, 4): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
b. Expertise
|
Constitution (2008)
169. To be qualified for appointment to the Elections Commission, a person shall possess the educational qualifications, experience and recognized competence necessary to discharge the functions of the Elections Commission. Members of the Elections Commission shall not engage in any other employment.
Elections Commission Act (2008)
5. A person elected as a member of the Elections Commission shall have the following qualifications:
(a) be a Muslim;
(b) be a citizen of the Maldives;
(c) be twenty five years of age;
(d) not have been convicted of an offence, during the past five years, for which a hadd is prescribed in Islam;
(e) not be a person holding an elective office or political position under the Constitution or laws of the Republic of Maldives;
(f) not hold any other office or employment, in government or private sector;
(g) not have been convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to a term of more than twelve months, unless a period of five years has elapsed since his release, or pardon for the offence for which he was sentenced;
(h) not be a member of any political party or engage in any of its activity.
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 169 (a): http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
Elections Commission Act (2008). art.5: https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Elections%20Commission%20Act.pdf
|
2019/02/12
|
|
Mali
|
a. Partisanship
|
The membership in the Independent National Electoral Commission is party based. The membership in the Constitutional Court is expert based.
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/05
|
|
Malta
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 60 (2): http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Man, Isle of
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/05
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
b. Expertise
|
Members of the Boards of Elections are appointed as permanent public servants by the Chief Electoral Officer, who is also a permanent public servant.
Source:
Elections and Referenda Act, as amended, sec. 112 & 115. https://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1980/1980-0020/ElectionsandReferendaAct1980_5.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Mauritania
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Steering Committee of the Independent National Electoral Commission are of Mauritanian nationality. They are at least forty years old at the day of their appointment and are recognized for their competence, moral integrity, intellectual honesty, impartiality and experience.
Source:
Organic Law No. 2012 - 027 on the establishment of the Independent National Electoral Commission, art. 6 (4)
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Commission Act, art. 4.
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
b. Expertise
|
All Councillors must meet certain requirements to guarantee their independence and impartiality, as well as the suitability in the performance of their positions, among these are: not having been registered as a candidate for any elective post nor having performed any directive position at a national or local level for a political party during the last four years prior to the designation; be 30 years or older, hold a bachelor’s degree at least five years
before the designation and be knowledgeable in electoral and political matter.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado A (a)]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 36 & 38 (d): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
1 member is appointed by the President of Republic of Moldova, the rest 8 members are appointed by the Parliament, by observing the proportional representation of the majority and of the opposition. The nominal composition of the Commission is approved by the Decision of Parliament with the vote of the majority of elected MPs.
In composition of the CEC shall be nominated the persons who have citizenship of the Republic of Moldova and place of residence in the country, exceptionally high reputation for personal integrity and professional competence to carry out electoral activities.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 16:2, 19:1
|
2021/03/30
|
|
Monaco
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 6
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Mongolia
|
b. Expertise
|
Five members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Parliament at the suggestion of the Standing Committee on State Structure, two by the President of Mongolia and other two at the suggestion of the Supreme Court from genuine civil servants.
Source:
The Law on the Central Election Body, Art. 4 (2): https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7740/file/Mongolia_law_central_election_body_2006_en.pdf
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Art. 30. The State Election Commission shall be composed of: the chairperson and ten permanent members and one empowered representative of each candidate list submitting entity.
The State Election Commission chairperson shall be appointed by the Parliament, at the proposal of Parliamentary working body in charge of elections and appointments, after a previously conducted open competition. Four members of the permanent State Election Commission composition shall be appointed at the proposal of the parliamentary majority. Four members of the permanent State Election Commission composition, one of whom shall perform the office of a secretary, shall be appointed at the proposal of parliamentary opposition. One representative of a political party or candidate list submitting entity for authentic representation of members of national minorities or minority ethnic communities which received the highest number of votes in previous elections shall also be appointed member of the permanent State Election Commission, while his deputy should be a member of another national minority or minority ethnic community. One member of the permanent State Election Commission composition who is familiar with electoral legislation shall be appointed by the Parliament from among the representatives of civil society, non-governmental sector and university, at the proposal of the Parliamentary working body competent for appointments and elections, after a previously conducted open competition.
Please refer to the rest of Article 30 for more details.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2016, art. 30.
http://www.legislationline.org/search/runSearch/1/key/electoral+law/country/57/rows/10/type/1
|
2021/12/21
|
|
Montserrat
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 78
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Morocco
|
d. Not Applicable
|
24. The Ministry of the Interior, supported by the Ministry of Justice, establishes a few months prior to the elections a Central Governmental Commission, constituted of the Minister of the Interior and the President of the Public Prosecutor's Office (i.e. Attorney General). 25. For the 8 September 2021 elections, the Central Commission was appointed by the Ministry of the Interior on 15 June 2021. At the same time, provincial commissions were established in each province, prefecture or district. Regional commissions were established for regional and parliamentary elections. These provincial and regional commissions are constituted of the General Prosecutor and the wali (regional governor) or provincial governor. They ensure the smooth running of the election. 26. At least 48 hours before the vote, the wali or the governor (provincial level) appoints a president, three assistants and substitutes for each polling station. Members can be civil servants employed by a public administration or non-candidate voters who can read and write and are known for their neutrality.
Source:
Council of Europe, Information Report on municipal and regional elections in the Kingdom of Morocco 8 September 2021 (2022): https://search.coe.int/congress/pages/result_details.aspx?objectid=0900001680a5ae69
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The members of the National Electoral Commission must be Mozambican citizens more than 25 years old, with recognised moral and professional merit and proven integrity, independence, impartiality, expertise and dedication.
The National Electoral Commission shall comprise 5 members representing FRELIMO (the ruling party), 4 members representing RENAMO (the main opposition party), 1 from the MDM (opposition party) and 7 members representing civil society organizations.
Source:
Law No. 6/2013 of 22 February 2013 regulating the functioning, composition and organisation of the National Electoral Commission (as amended by Law No. 9/2014), art. 5 (2), 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/mozambique-law-no.-9-2014-of-12-march-2014/view (2014).
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Namibia
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, art. 3-12.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Nauru
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
(14) The Electoral Commissioner is appointed by the President, acting on the advice of the Cabinet, and exercises the responsibilities, functions, duties and powers conferred on him or her by this Act. A person is qualified for appointment as the Electoral Commissioner if he or she:
(a) is a person qualified to be a Judge of the Supreme Court of Nauru and who possesses knowledge and experience relevant to
electoral laws, policy and systems and the conduct or administration of national elections; or
(b) has held senior leadership and management positions in Nauru or elsewhere and who is competent and has a proven record in the positions that he or she has held or has extensive knowledge of electoral laws, policy and systems, and relevant experience in the management, conduct or administration of national elections.
(24) There must be two Deputy Electoral Commissioners appointed by the President, acting on the advice of Cabinet. The Deputy Electoral Commissioners must be persons who have held senior management and administration positions and have knowledge and experience in electoral laws, policy and systems and the management, conduct or administration of national elections.
Source:
Electoral Act 2016, Art. 14-24. (http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d83250a1ebdc56c1701fa7aa245af5b1.pdf).
|
2019/07/02
|
|
Nepal
|
b. Expertise
|
A person shall be eligible to be appointed as the Chief Election Commissioner or an Election Commissioner if he or she possesses the following qualification:
(a) holding a Bachelor's degree from a recognized university,
(b) not being a member of any political party at the time of appointment,
(c) having attained the age of forty-five years, and
(d) being of high moral character.
Source:
Article The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 Article 245 (6) www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
b. Expertise
|
"Appointments are made on the basis of expertise in the area of electoral law and elections and on related or relevant areas of policy. Social knowledge and experience also play a role in the appointment of members."
Source:
Annual Report Electoral Council 2020 (7): https://english.kiesraad.nl/publications/annual-reports/2021/03/16/index
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Netherlands Antilles
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/06
|
|
New Zealand
|
b. Expertise
|
Members of an independent Crown entity such as the Electoral Commission are appointed by the Governor-General on the recommendation of the responsible Minister.
The responsible Minister "may only appoint or recommend a person who, in the responsible Minister’s opinion, has the appropriate knowledge, skills, and experience to assist the statutory entity to achieve its objectives and perform its functions." The Minister must also take into consideration subsection (1), which emphasizes the desirability of promoting diversity in the membership of Crown entities.
Source:
Crown Entities Act Section 28, 29:
https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2004/0115/latest/DLM329955.html#:~:text=A%20responsible%20Minister%E2%80%94%20%28a%29%20may%20only%20appoint%20or,achieve%20its%20objectives%20and%20perform%20its%20functions%3B%20and
|
2024/07/09
|
|
Nicaragua
|
b. Expertise
|
The qualifications to be member of the Supreme Electoral Council are: 1) Nicaraguan citizenship. 2) Have full exercise of their civil and political rights. 3) Be at least 30 and no more than 75 years old the day of the election. 4) Have resided in the country continuously for the four years prior to their election, unless during that period they were on diplomatic missions, working with international organizations or studying abroad.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 171:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 7, 138 (8):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code, art. 11: http://www.electionpassport.com/files/Niger-Electoral-Code-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/03
|
|
Nigeria
|
b. Expertise
|
The Chairman and the members of the Independent National Electoral Commission shall be persons of unquestionably integrity and not less than fifty years and forty years of age, respectively.
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), 3rd Schedule, art. 14 (1): http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
b. Expertise
|
The Chief Electoral Officer as well as his subordinates are all chosen by the Public Service Commission.
Source:
Niue Assembly Act 1966, as amended, Art. 3-4.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Pursuant to 1 CMC §6102 and §6103, the Commission shall consist of nine (9) members appointed by the Governor subject to the advice and consent of the Senate
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Ministry for Local Government and Regional Development: http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/krd/information-campaigns/election_portal.html?id=456491 (2012)
|
2012/11/13
|
|
Oman
|
d. Not Applicable
|
In Oman, the members of the Supreme Committee of the Shura Council are appointed by the Sultan.
The Central Election Committee shall be chaired by one of the Vice-Presidents of the Supreme Court. The local committee shall be headed by the Wali of the respective Wilayat with the membership of the Shariah Judge of the respective Wilayat, the Deputy Wali or his assistant, the most Senior Police Officer in the respective Wilayat and four other members from the heads of Government agencies in the respective Wilayat, provided that the Magistrate Court judge is among them (in case there is a Magistrate Court in the respective Wilayat). Members of the committee should be Omani, competitive and do not belong / come from the respective Wilayat originally. The Chairman of Committee shall appoint a coordinator / secretary for the committee from his own office staff.
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011, (2013) art. 58 (bis 14): https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/oman_basic_statute_of_the_state_2011-english.pdf
Article 1. […] The supreme committee for elections: the committee which supervises the Elections of the members of the Shura Council, and adjudicate in electoral appeals
|
2025/05/02
|
|
Pakistan
|
b. Expertise
|
There shall be a Chief Election Commissioner (in this Part referred to as the Commissioner), who shall be appointed by the President.
No person shall be appointed to be Commissioner unless he has been a Judge of the Supreme Court or has been a senior civil servant or is a technocrat and is not more than sixty-eight years of age.
The Prime Minister shall in consultation with the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly, forward three names for appointment of the Commissioner to a Parliamentary Committee for hearing and confirmation of any one person.
Source:
Constitution, art. 213, 215 and 218: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Pakistan_2017
Election Commission of Pakistan Official Website:https://www.ecp.gov.pk/overview-of-ecp
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Palau
|
a. Partisanship
|
Members of the Commission are appointed for 4-year terms by the President of the Republic of Palau.
Source:
Voting Rights Act of 1981, as amended, Sec. 1201 (b) (23 PNCA §1201(b)).
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestine
|
b. Expertise
|
The Commission shall be composed of nine members to be selected from the Palestinian judiciary, academics and experienced lawyers and others. The chairperson or members chosen for the Commission shall be:
1. Palestinian.
2. Above 35 years of age.
3. Holds a bachelors degree, or at least the equivalent thereof.
4. Highly competent and experienced.
5. Honest and well reputed.
6. Not convicted in any election-related crime, or felony affecting honor or trust.
7. Not an employee or member of any charity, or NGO.
8. He/she shall not nominate his/herself in any of the general or local elections, or participate in
any election campaign for any candidate through out his/her term of office in the Commission.
9. He/she must not reveal any confidential information in relation to the elections.
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 9 (2), 10: http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/08
|
|
Panama
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Electoral Tribunal must fulfil the following requirements:
Be Panamanian citizens by birth; Be at least 35 years old; Be in full possession of their civil and political rights; Have a law degree; Have 10 years of experience as a lawyer, a judge, a law professor at any university or in any civil servant position that requires a law degree.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 142 (2), 204: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections, Section 5: http://www.pngec.gov.pg:7780/i/pngec/organic_law.pdf (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución Nacional de la República del Paraguay, art. 275:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/constitucion/Paraguay%20%281992%29.pdf/ (1992)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política del Perú”, art. 179, 180, 182 & 183: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-constitucion-politica-2019/ ;
Organic Law of the National Identification and Civil Status Registry: "Ley 36497, orgánica del Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil", art. 10 & 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26497-organica-RENIEC-2015/ ;
Organic Law of the National Office for Electoral Processes: "Ley 26487, orgánica de la Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales", art. 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26487-organica-ONPE-2006/ ;
Organic Law of the National Court of Elections: “Ley 26486, orgánica del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones”, art. 10: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26486-organica-JNE-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
b. Expertise
|
There shall be a Commission on Elections composed of a Chairman and six Commissioners who shall be natural-born citizens of the Philippines and, at the time of their appointment, at least thirty-five years of age, holders of a college degree, and must not have been candidates for any elective positions in the immediately preceding elections. However, a majority thereof, including the Chairman, shall be members of the Philippine Bar who have been engaged in the practice of law for at least ten years.
Source:
Constitution, Art. IΧ, Sec. C-1 (1): http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/Constitution/1987Constitution/Article9 (2016)
|
2019/05/02
|
|
Pitcairn Islands
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/12
|
|
Poland
|
b. Expertise
|
The National Electoral Commission is composed of judges.
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 157 (2): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Article 2:
The National Election Commission is composed of:
a) A counselor judge of the Supreme Court of Justice, to be appointed by the Superior Council of the Judiciary, who will be the president;
b) Citizens of recognized merit, to be designated by the Assembly of the Republic, included in a list and proposed one by each parliamentary group;
c) One technician designated by each of the government departments responsible for Internal Administration, Foreign Affairs and the Media.
Source:
Law No. 71/78, of 27 December, Creates the National Electoral Commission, Article 2:
https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/legis_lei_71-78_lei-da-cne.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 3.7(5): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
https://www.idea.int/blog/stability-or-elections-look-qatars-2024-constitutional-referendum
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Members of the Permanent Electoral Authority are selected on the basis of their expertise.
Members of the Central Election Bureau are selected on the basis of their expertise and partisanship.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law No. 35 of 13 March 2008 for the election to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, art. 14 & 63(3-6).
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4224/file/ROM%20Election%20Laws_en.pdf
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
4. Five members of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation shall be appointed by the State Duma of the
Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from among the candidates proposed by the factions, other
associations of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, or by individual
deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Each association of deputies in
the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation may appoint not more than one
representative. Five members of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation shall be appointed
by the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from among the candidates
nominated by the legislative (representative) bodies of state power of subjects of Russian Federation and top
executives of subjects of the Russian Federation (the heads of the highest executive bodies of state power of
subjects of the Russian Federation). Five members of the Central Election Commission of the Russian
Federation shall be appointed by the President of the Russian Federation.
Source:
Electoral Law: Federal Law "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum", article 21: https://www.te.gob.mx/vota_elections/media/files/e491d03ffa9036c.pdf
|
2024/03/25
|
|
Rwanda
|
b. Expertise
|
Commissioners should be Rwandan citizens, hold at least a bachelor' s degree from a University or from state recognised higher learning institutions and be persons of integrity. In addition, at least 2 of the electoral commissioners are required to be lawyers.
Source:
Official Website of the National Electoral Commission: https://nec.gov.rw/amatora/en/home/ (2024);
Law N° 31/2005 of 24/12/2005 relating to the organisation and functioning of the National Electoral Commission, Art. 7, 11: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-law-nb0-31-2005-of-24-12-2005-relating-to/view (2017)
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Article 33， Constitution
|
2020/04/09
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 57 (3)
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Electoral Law
|
2021/12/27
|
|
Samoa
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2021/04/09
|
|
San Marino
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
c) The Permanent Electoral Committee cannot be composed of members of the Parliament, Mayors or members of the City Councils
Source:
Official Website of the State Secretariat of Interior : http://www.elezioni.sm/on-line/Home/Elezionipolitiche/GiuntaPermanentedelleElezioni.html (2012);
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 43, 44: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
e. No Information Available
|
Source:
Law on Electoral Commission n.º12/90 of 26 November 1990
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ST/sao-tome-e-principe-electoral-law
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
d. Not Applicable
|
There are no provisions for direct national elections, since it is the King who appoints the members of the Shura Council. Only municipal elections are held.
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the National Autonomous Electoral Commission are chosen from among persons of Senegalese nationality, recognised for their moral integrity, intellectual honesty, neutrality and impartiality.
Source:
Electoral Code 2012, art. L.7 (1): http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Only a person with a BA degree in law may be appointed a member or deputy member of the Republic Electoral Commission.
Members and deputy members of the Republic Electoral Commission in the standing composition shall be appointed at the proposal of parliamentary groups proportionately to their representation in the total number of MPs belonging to parliamentary groups.
No parliamentary group may nominate more than half of the members of the Republic Electoral Commission in the standing composition.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on Election of Members of Parliament, art. 16, 18.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
|
2022/07/07
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. Expertise
|
Constitution, article 115(B): A person is qualified to be a Chairperson and Members of the Commission if the person is a citizen of Seychelles who(a)is qualified to be registered as a voter; and(b)the person is not a candidate of an election under the Constitution or is not the President, Vice President, Minister or a Member of the National Assembly and not an executive office bearer of a political party.
The candidates shall be persons of proven integrity and high repute (Constitution, art. 115(A))
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011) art. 115 (A)and(B)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/02/28
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. Expertise
|
A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Electoral Commission if he is not qualified to be elected as a Member of Parliament, or to hold office as a member of the Electoral Commission if he is a Minister, a Deputy Minister, a Member of Parliament, or a public officer, or if he has attained the age of sixty-five years. The Chairman and other members of the Commission shall be persons of proven integrity.
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 32 (4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/;
The Public Elections Act (2012), art. 2 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-the-public-elections-act-2012-1/
|
2017/01/13
|
|
Singapore
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Singapore Elections Department: http://www.eld.gov.sg/about_structure.html (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. Partisanship
|
Section 15
Central Electoral Commission
(1) For membership of the Central Electoral Commission, each political party or coalition which submits a list of candidates shall nominate one of its members and one substitute and shall do so not later than ninety days before polling day.
Section 8
General Provisions
(3) Election Commissions are constituted from equal number of the representatives of political parties, political movements, or their coalitions (hereinafter referred to as ”political parties”), respectively, which file separate nomination papers. The political parties shall announce the full names of candidates and substitute candidates and their addresses to the person who calls to assemble the Election Commission. Withdrawal of nomination paper by a political party results in expiry of council of the political party in relevant electoral commission. The function of the member of the Election Commission expires on the day of delivery of a written notice of a political party, which nominated the candidate, or a written notice of the Commission member of his resignation addressed to the Chairman of the Election Commission. In the case of expiry of the function of a member of the Election Commission the Chairman shall call up a substitute candidate.
Source:
Act On Elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, Section 15 (1)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-municipalities-election-law-1990/view
Act on Elections to the Bodies of Self-government Regions and on Amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (2001), Section 8(3)
https://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/4420
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The republic electoral commission shall have a chairman, five members and their substitutes.
The chairman and deputy chairman of the republic electoral commission shall be appointed from among the judges of the Supreme Court.
Two members and two substitutes of the republic electoral commission shall be appointed from among legal experts. Three members and members' substitutes of the republic electoral commission shall be appointed at the proposal of deputy groups whereby the proportional representation of political parties shall be taken into consideration.
Source:
National Assembly Elections Act, article 32.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SI/national-assembly-elections-act/view
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Art, 57 (6): Only the following persons are qualified to be appointed as appointed members of the Commission:
(a) a former Governor-General;
(b) a former Speaker;
(c) a retired judge;
(d) a former Member of Parliament
(e) a current or retired head of any religious organisation or of any civil society organisation
(f) a person who has held a distinguished career in the government or private sector
(g) a public officer of the permanent secretary level.
Art. 57 (7): The following persons are not qualified to be appointed as appointed members of the Commission:
(a) a member of or a candidate for election to:
(i) Parliament; or
(ii) a Provincial Assembly; or
(iii) the Honiara City Council; or
(b) a person who is a member of a political party registered under a law relating to political parties.
This article was modified in the constitutional amendment 2018.
Source:
Constitution of 1978 amended 2014, Art. 57, https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en
Constitution amended 2018: Art. 57 (6,7): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-constitution-amendment-2018
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
1. Any person may become a member of the Commission if the person:
a) a) Is a citizen of the Federal Republic of Somalia;
b) b) Is not less than 30 years of age;
c) c) Is of sound mind;
d) d) Has knowledge of electoral systems or has at least five (5) years of experience in one of the following fields: Islamic Shari’ah and jurisprudence, law, Somali customary law, religious studies, public administration or civil society affairs, political sciences, social affairs management, state administration and international relations;
e)Is a person with a good reputation within the society, of good behavior and moral conduct, who has no criminal record of serious crimes under Somali and international laws, and crimes under the Human Rights Convention of 1949 and who has not violated decisions of the UN Security Council;
f)Is not a member of the Federal Parliament, Parliaments of Federal Member States, the Government or civil servants;
g)Is not a member of a political party, and shall not join any while serving as member of the Commission.
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 111G: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
http://www.niec.so/En/legal/law
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
b. Expertise
|
The IEC is composed of five members, one of whom must be a judge. A member of the IEC must be a South African citizen and must not have a high party-political profile.
Source:
Electoral Commission Act of 1996 (as amended to 2006), Section 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-commission-act-of-1996-as/view
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
b. Expertise
|
The Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson, and members of the Commission shall be persons of proven integrity, competence, non-partisan and impartial.
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011, art. 195 (2): http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012);
National Election Act 2012, art. 10(2-b): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view;
Presidential Decree No 54/2012 of 1 August 2012 for the Appointment of the Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson and Members of the National Elections Commission
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
b. Expertise
|
Eight members are judges of the Supreme Court "Tribunal Supremo” (appointed by the General Council of the Judiciary Power), and five are university professors (law and/or political science department) presented by political parties, coalitions or groups of voters with representatives in the Lower Chamber.
The members of the Electoral Administration are selected based on expertise rather than partisanship. This is evident from the following articles:
Article 9, Section 1(a): "Eight Vocales Magistrados del Tribunal Supremo, designados mediante insaculación por el Consejo General del Poder Judicial."
Article 9, Section 1(b): "Cinco Vocales Catedráticos de Derecho o de Ciencias Políticas y de Sociología, en activo, designados a propuesta conjunta de los partidos, federaciones, coaliciones o agrupaciones de electores con representación en el Congreso de los Diputados."
Article 10, Section 1(a): "Tres Vocales, Magistrados de la Audiencia Provincial correspondiente, designados mediante insaculación por el Consejo General de Poder Judicial."
Article 10, Section 1(b): "Dos Vocales nombrados por la Junta Electoral Central entre Catedráticos y Profesores Titulares de Derecho o de Ciencias Políticas y de Sociología o juristas de reconocido prestigio residentes en la provincia."
These sections highlight that members are chosen based on their judicial and academic qualifications, ensuring their expertise in the field.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, art. 9 & 10:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/02
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the Electoral Commission are selected from amongst persons who have distinguished themselves in any profession or in the fields of administration or education.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 103 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
b. Expertise
|
Each of the members shall: be a Sudanese, be independent, competent, non-partisan and impartial, be not less than thirty five years of age, be of sound mind, be literate, preferably University degree holder at least, or whoever in the status of a Court of Appeal Judge, have not been convicted in the previous seven years of a crime involving honesty or moral turpitude or contravention of the election conduct , even if s/he enjoys amnesty, not be a candidate in general elections, or agent of a candidate throughout her/his term of membership in the Commission.
Source:
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 6 (2): http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/31
|
|
Suriname
|
b. Expertise
|
Residents of Suriname who are Surinamese nationals, are at least 23 years of age, and have not been excluded from their right to vote, may be appointed as members of the Electoral Council.
Source:
Electoral Law of 1987, Art. 1 (7): http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/Sur/suriname.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Swedish Election Authority: http://www.val.se/in_english/about_us/areas_of_responsibility/index.html (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Swiss administration: http://www.admin.ch/ (2014);
Official Website of the Swiss Federal Chancellery: http://www.ch.ch/abstimmungen_und_wahlen/02186/02213/02220/02222/index.html?lang=fr (2014)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/13
|
|
Taiwan
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
|
2020/04/13
|
|
Tajikistan
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2025/02/17
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 74 (1, 3):https://www.inec.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1714455356-1.%20sw-1675190712-sw1499671152-Katiba_ya_Tanzania.pdf
|
2025/12/01
|
|
Thailand
|
b. Expertise
|
Article 222: Election Commission members are selected based on the following:
(1) five persons possessing knowledge and expertise in various academic fields beneficial to the conduct of honest and fair elections, and having apparent honesty, who have been selected by the Selection Committee;
(2) two persons possessing knowledge, expertise and experience in laws and having apparent honesty, and having in the past held a position of not lower than the Chief Judge or Chief Prosecutor for not less than five years, who have been selected by the
general meeting of the Supreme Court;
A person to be selected as an Election Commissioner under (1) shall have the qualifications as prescribed in Sections 232 (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) or (7), or work or have in the
past worked in the civil society sector for not less than twenty years, as specified by the Selection Committee.
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Sec. 222, 232: https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+KINGDOM+OF+THAILAND+(B.E.+2560+(2017)).pdf
|
2023/10/04
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
b. Expertise
|
Only citizens of recognized competency with no responsibilities in a political party leadership or in electoral candidacies may be appointed or elected for CNE.
Source:
Law no. 5/2006 on the Election Administration Bodies, article 5 (4): https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2006-05.pdf
|
2024/10/02
|
|
Togo
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the CENI are elected on the basis of their expertise and their personal integrity. Candidates standing for elections, as well as members of the central and local government cannot be members of the CENI.
Source:
Electoral Code No. 2000-07 as amended by law No 2005-001, law No. 2007-009 and law No. 2009-002, art. 15 (2), 16: http://www.legitogo.gouv.tg/annee_txt/2007/Pages%20from%20jo_2007-007.pdf (2013)
|
2013/01/10
|
|
Tokelau
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The Referendum Commission membership is based on: expertise.
N/A for the Ministry of Interior, TPS.
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf
|
2020/01/22
|
|
Tonga
|
e. No Information Available
|
The Commission shall consist of a person appointed by the King for a term of five years, who will be the Chairman, the Supervisor of Elections, and a person appointed by the King for such term as he may deem fit.
Source:
Electoral Commission Act 2010
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-commission-act-2010/view (2021)
Electoral Commission Act 2012, Art. 2 Amendment
http://www.paclii.org/to/legis/num_act/eca2012302.pdf (2021)
|
2021/09/14
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 71(3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
b. Expertise
|
ISIE is composed of 9 members including a civil law judge, an administrative judge, a lawyer, a notary, a university professor, an engineer specialising in IT systems and security, a communications expert, a public finance expert and a member representing Tunisians abroad. All members shall have at least 10 years of experience.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2012-23 of 20 December 2012 on the Independent High Authority for Elections, as amended by the Organic Law n° 2013- 52 of 28 December 2013, art.
5: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisie-loi-organique-nb0-2012-23-du-20-decembre/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
b. Expertise
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2017/02/14
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
d. Not Applicable
|
Before making an appointment to the office of Supervisor of Elections, the Governor shall consult the Premier and the Leader of the Opposition.
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”, Section 91 & 97: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Tuvalu
|
d. Not Applicable
|
No Electoral Management Body. The Secretary to Government within the Office of the Prime Minister directs the administration of elections. The Minister appoints Returning Officers for each electoral district on unspecified criteria.
Source:
Electoral Provisions (Parliament) Regulations of 1980, as amended, art. 4; Electoral Provisions (Parliamentary) Act as amended, art. 6; Hassall, Graham (2006): The Tuvalu General Election 2006, Democracy and Elections Project (Governance Program), University of the South Pacific, Fiji. (http://www.governance.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/thematic/elections/docs/Hassall_-_Election_Observation_Report_Tuvalu_2006.pdf)
|
2012/06/19
|
|
Uganda
|
b. Expertise
|
Members of the Commission shall be persons of high moral character, proven integrity and who possess considerable experience and demonstrated competence in the conduct of public affairs.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 60 (2): http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2025)
|
2025/12/05
|
|
Ukraine
|
b. Expertise
|
The law requires that the Chairman, Vice Chairman, Secretary and at least five members of the Election Commission have higher legal education. The members of the Commission shall be citizens of Ukraine, at least 25 years old on the day of the appointment, eligible to vote, Ukrainian residents for at least 5 years and has knowledge of the country's official language (Ukrainian).
Source:
Law on the Central Election Commission (last amended in 2018) article 6 (6) 7 (1)
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/1932-15
|
2019/03/11
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
The National Electoral Committee is chaired by the Minister of State for Federal National Council Affairs and consists of the following members: Minister of Justice, Minister of Education, Minister of Culture, Youth and Community Development, Secretary General of Ministry of Presidential Affairs, a representative of Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, Under-secretary of Ministry of Interior, Under-secretary of Ministry of State for Federal National Council Affairs, Director General of Emirates Identity Authority, Assistant Under-secretary of Ministry of State for Federal National Council Affairs and three public figures named by the NEC chairman.
Source:
Official Website of the National Electoral Committee: https://www.uaenec.ae/ar/about-us/about-the-committee (2019)
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
There are various internal requirements that control the selection of commissioners. First, one commissioner must represent Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively (three total). Second, each of the largest three parties puts forth a candidate while the remaining parties put forth a fourth potential commissioner. The remaining are chosen by parliament. On the Electoral Commission's webpage, they describe the ten Commissioners as each having "different political backgrounds and experience" which "ensures broad representation and balanced views."
Source:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Schedule I: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/41/schedule/1
The Electoral Commission: https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/about-us/our-commissioners-and-teams/our-commissioners
|
2025/06/12
|
|
United States of America
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
FEC members shall be chosen on the basis of their experience, integrity, impartiality, and good judgment. Also, by law, no more than three Commissioners can represent the same political party, and at least four votes are required for any official Commission action.
"Each member of the [U.S. Election Assistance] Commission shall have experience with or expertise in election administra- tion or the study of elections."
Source:
Federal Election Campaign Laws, Art. 437(c)(A3):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-federal-electoral/view ;
https://www.fec.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/ ;
Help America Vote Act of 2002 Sec. 203:
https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/eac_assets/1/6/HAVA41.PDF
|
2024/10/01
|
|
Uruguay
|
c. Combination of partisanship and expertise
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 324 https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
b. Expertise
|
Article 13: A citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan who reached the age of twenty-five, as a rule, has a higher education, a work experience in organization and conduct of elections, has an authority among public and permanently residing in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for at least the last five years may be a member of the Central Election Commission.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 3, Article 13: https://lex.uz/docs/4458857?ONDATE=26.06.2019
|
2024/08/22
|
|
Vanuatu
|
e. No Information Available
|
The members of the Electoral Commission are appointed by the President. The Principal Electoral Officer is a designated public servant.
Source:
Constitution, art. 18-20: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
|
2016/01/26
|
|
Venezuela
|
b. Expertise
|
The members of the National Electoral Council must meet the following requirements:
1) Be of Venezuelan nationality for at least 15 years, be at least 30 years old and enjoy all their civil and political rights;
2) Hold a university degree and have at least 10 years of professional experience after having obtained the degree, preferably in the field of elections;
3) They must not be affiliated to any political organisation;
4) Have not been convicted for a crime during the last 20 years;
5) They must not have any family links with the President or the candidates.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, art. 296: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/ ;
Electoral Branch Law: “Ley Orgánica del Poder Electoral”, art. 9: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/leyes-electorales/venezuela-ley-organica-poder-electoral-2002/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
a. Partisanship
|
The Chairman, Vice-Chairmen, Secretary General and members are representatives of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the Government, the Vietnam Fatherland Front Central Committee, and a number of concerned agencies and organizations.
Source:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No. 63/2010/QH12, art. 14 (1): http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2021/03/23
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
e. No Information Available
|
|
2019/02/21
|
|
Yemen
|
b. Expertise
|
Each Supreme Committee member must:
(a) Be at least (35) years old;
(b) Be of Yemeni parental origin;
(c) Hold a college degree or its equivalent and with relevant professional competence & experience;
(d) Be of good character and conduct;
(e) Have not been convicted by court for any election offense or any other crime in breach of ethics and professional conduct;
(f) Suspend political and/or party affiliation (if any) during his/her term in office.
(g) Refrain from accepting nominations for any general elections and/or partaking in election campaigns during his/her term in office as member of the Supreme Committee.
In addition, Supreme Committee members shall have the rank of Cabinet Minister at least. Members not having this rank prior to their appointment shall automatically be entitled to such a rank from the date marking their appointment.
The Secretary General shall meet all the requirements applicable to civil servants. In addition, s/he must:
(a) Be at least a college graduate;
(b) Be at least (35) years old;
(c) Demonstrate professional experience in administrative and financial matters for at least (10) years.
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 21, 22 (a), 35: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012);
Presidential Decree No. 22 for 2010, art. 1: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/indexe.htm (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
b. Expertise
|
The Chairperson shall be a person who has held, or is qualified to hold, high judicial office or, any other suitably qualified person.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Commission Act, art. 4.
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Electoral%20Commission%20Act.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
b. Expertise
|
The Chairman of the Electoral Commission shall be a person with qualification to be a judge of High Court or Court of Appeal of any member country of the Commonwealth, or a respected person in the society. Ministers or Deputy Ministers, members of the Parliament, members of the armed forces and leaders of political parties shall not be appointed as members of the Electoral Commission.
Source:
The Constitution of Zanzibar, art. 119 (1, 2, 3)
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
b. Expertise
|
The commission consists of a chairperson appointed by the President and eight other members appointed by the President.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Zimbabwe, Section 238
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2023/09/25
|
