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Pakistan
- Boundary Delimitation
- Direct Democracy
- Electoral Management
- Electoral Systems
- Legislative Framework
- Media and Elections
- Parties and Candidates
- Vote Counting
- Voter Education
- Voting Operations
- Voter Registration
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
a. Yes
Source: The Delimitation of Constitutencies Act, 1974
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:26:28 GMT
BD02 The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
c. The Electoral Management Body
Source: The Delimitation of Constituencies Act, 1974
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:26:50 GMT
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
a. "Equality" of population
b. Respecting natural barriers
c. Compactness of constituencies
e. Geographic size of district
Source: The Delimitation of Constituencies Act, 1974
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:27:17 GMT
BD04 If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
a. Total population
Source: The Delimitation of Constituencies Act, 1974
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:27:52 GMT
BD05 The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
d. Electoral management body
Source: The Delimitation of Constituencies Act, 1974
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:28:41 GMT
BD06 What statistical or other reasons trigger the redrawing of electoral constituency boundaries?
a. Changes in number of total population
d. Changes in distribution of total population
g. Changes in administrative boundaries
j. National census
Comments: The boundaries are reconsidered after a new census has been published, approx. every 10 years.
Source: The Delimitation of Constituencies Act, 1974
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:29:11 GMT
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Hanna Berheim
b. Job Title: Research Assistant
c. Organisation: International IDEA
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
b. Optional referendum
Comments: C:26B "(6) If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered either by "Yes" or "No". (7) An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum."
Source: The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, art. 26B
Last updated: 2006-12-31 11:14:25 UTC
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:56:08 UTC
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
a. Constitutional
Comments: C:26B "(6) If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered either by "Yes" or "No". (7) An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum."
Source: The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, art. 26B
Last updated: 2006-12-31 11:14:25 UTC
DD124 If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD126 What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD13 When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level?
Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD14 When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy)
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD28 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
a. Constitutional amendments
b. Adoption of international treaties
c. Transfer of authority to international bodies
d. National sovereignty, national self-determination
e. Conflict between constitutional organs
f. Devolution
g. Civil service
h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments
i. Other public policy issues
j. Other (specify)
Comments: j) Any matter of national importance. C:26B "(6) If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered either by "Yes" or "No". (7) An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum."
Source: The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, art. 26B
Last updated: 2006-12-31 11:21:03 UTC
DD29 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
k. None
Comments: k) Any matter of national importance can be put to referendum. No issues are excluded by the constitution. C:26B "(6) If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered either by "Yes" or "No". (7) An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum."
Source: The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, art. 26B
Last updated: 2006-12-31 11:21:03 UTC
DD31 Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
c. President
Comments: c) C:26B "(6) If, at any time, the President, in his discretion, or on the advice of the Prime Minister, considers that it is desirable that any matter of national importance should be referred to a referendum, the President may cause the matter to be referred to a referendum in the form of a question that is capable of being answered either by "Yes" or "No". (7) An act of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may lay down the procedure for the holding of a referendum and the compiling and consolidation of the result of a referendum."
Source: The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, art. 26B
Last updated: 2006-12-31 11:21:03 UTC
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD67 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to the time period in which an individual/position can be recalled?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD70 If a separate ballot to replace an individual who has been recalled takes place, how soon after the recall ballot is it held?
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD73 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
DD75 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
Last updated: 2006-12-31 10:54:31 UTC
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
a. Name of Institution Election Commission of Pakistan
b. Full Address Election House, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad
c. Telephone 051-9201915 or 051-9202942
e. Email javaid(a)ecp4.sdnpk.undp.org
g. Name and Title of Chairperson/President Justice (Rtd.) Abdula Qadeer Chaudhry
h. Information Officer Muhammad Afzal Khan, DPR
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:20:17 GMT
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
a. National level
b. Regional level
c. Local level
Source: Constitution of Pakistan, Local Government Elections Order, Ordinance and the Rules
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:20:44 GMT
EM03 The national electoral management body reports to:
f. Other
Comments: It is an independent constitutional organisation.
Source: Mohammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:21:47 GMT
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
c. The legislature
Comments: A budget proposal is submitted by the EMB and the legislature approves it.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com Dilshad, K.M., Joint Secretary/Spokesman, Election Commission of Pakistan, sectt(a)ecp5.isb.sdnpk.org
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:44:16 UTC
EM05 The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
g. Other
Comments: Election Commission of Pakistan has financial autonomy.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com Dilshad, K.M., Joint Secretary/Spokesman, Election Commission of Pakistan, sectt(a)ecp5.isb.sdnpk.org
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:44:16 UTC
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
b. For a term of _________ years
Comments: b) A Chief Election Commissioner is appointed for a three year term. He is responsible for by-elections, elections for the Senate and for Presidency as well as for preparing the voters roll. For national and regional elections he becomes the Chairman of the Election Commission which then comprises of two additional members appointed for the election period only.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com Constitution, article 218
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:44:16 UTC
EM07 The national electoral management body chairperson, or equivalent, is chosen in the following way:
d. Presidential/ Prime Minister appointment
Comments: No person shall be appointed to be commissioner unless he is, or has been, a judge of the Supreme Court or is, or has been, a judge of a High Court.
Source: Constitution, article 213
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:25:23 GMT
EM08 According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?
a. estimated total: 16223000
b. Exchange rate used 1US$ = 65 Rs
Comments: 1 054 495 000 Rs / 65 = 16 22 3000 USD Included in the budget: Printing of ballot papers, Printing of forms and manuals, procurement of stationery, Manufacturing of punch machines. Indelible ink, election allowances, honoraria, transportation of election material, improvisation of polling stations, postage and stamps, P.O.L. Charges, Publicity, telephone, manufacturing of ballot boxes, contingent expenditure, photocopying of electoral rolls, Allocation of army, Misc.Expenditure(Machinery and equipment and so forth)
Source: Election Report 1997
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:44:16 UTC
EM09 What was the total number of registered voters or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters?
a. Total number: 46206055
Source: Election Report 1997.
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:44:16 UTC
EM10 What was the spending (in USD) per registered voter (NOT actual voters) or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters at the last general elections?
a. USD/registered voter 0.28
b. Exchange rate used 65Rs=1US$
Comments: 18,47Rs/65Rs=0,28US$
Source: Election Report 1997.
Last updated: Wed, 08 May 2002 14:39:06 GMT
Electoral Systems
ES01 How is the Head of State selected?
e. Elected by electoral college or committee (specify)
Comments: The President(Head of State) is elected by the electoral college comprising of members of National Assembly, the Senate and the members of 4 Provincial Assemblies. The result is determined in accordance with paragraph 18 of Second Schedule of the Constitution of Pakistan.
Source: Sub. paragraph 3 of Article 41 of the Constitution of Pakistan
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:17:14 GMT
ES02 How is the Head of Government selected?
d. Leader of the party which forms the government becomes Head of Government
Comments: Head of Government is the Prime Minister.
Source: Article 91 of the Constitution
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:17:42 GMT
ES03 Does the country have a president?
a. Yes
Source: Constitution, chapter 1, article 41
Last updated: Mon, 08 Jul 2002 09:06:48 GMT
ES04 The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
b. Two chambers
Source: Sub Paragraph 2 of Article 59 of the Constitution
Last updated: Mon, 08 Jul 2002 09:07:50 GMT
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
a. Plurality (FPTP)
Comments: 207 of 217 members are elected by FPTP in single-member constituencies. The remaining seats are allocated to 4 religious minorities elected in separate nation-wide multi-member constituencies. "60 seats for women (in the past only ten seats were reserved for women which means six times higher reserved seats for the women in National Assembly) you had incorrectly quoted three time increase which is actually SIX time increase. Women would come according to party lists submitted prior to elections to the Electoral Commission that too on proportion representation (PR system). About Minorities there are TEN reserved seats, whole of the country is single constituency and they are also selected from the party lists like women nominated by the political parties and get their share of seats again according to the seats proportion which they have already won, these nominees are from various Miniorities of the country."
Source: Section 42 of the Representation of the Peoples Act, 1976
Last updated: 2005-01-13 11:21:33 UTC
ES06 What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
i. Single Transferable Vote
Comments: Members of the Senate are elected by the four provincial assemblies (19 Senators each), the federal administered tribal area (8 Senators) and the capital Islamabad (3 Senators).
Source: Sub Paragraph 2 of Article 59 of the Constitution
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:21:06 GMT
ES07 If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
h. Not applicable
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:21:40 GMT
ES08 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
b. Specially delimited constituencies
Comments: The delimitation of constituencies refers, in the case of the National Assembly, to the division of the entire country into single member constituencies comprising geographical compact areas and division of each province into smaller geographically compact units.
Source: Clause (1) and (3) of Article 51 of the Constitution General elections report, vol 1, Election Commission of Pakistan, chapter VI, p.33
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:27:23 GMT
ES09 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
b. Specially delimited constituencies
Comments: Members of the Senate are elected by the regional assemblies of the four provinces, the federal administered tribal area and the capital.
Source: Article 59 of the Constitution
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:28:07 GMT
ES10 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
a. Yes
Comments: 4 seats for Christians 4 seats for Hindus and people belonging to the scheduled castes 1 seat for Sikh, Budhist and Parsi communities 1 seat for the Quadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves Ahmadis)
Source: Article 51 (2A) of the Constitution
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:32:37 GMT
ES11 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
c. Religious groups - proportion of total seats (%) 4.6
Comments: 10 out of 217 seats are reserved for religious minorities: 4 for Hindus, 4 for Christians, 1 for Sikhs, Budhists and Parsis and 1 for Quadianis.
Source: Article 51 of the Constitution.
Last updated: Thu, 09 May 2002 22:28:45 GMT
ES12 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
a. Yes
Comments: 20 represent Uloma (religious scholars), technocrats and other professionals.
Source: Article 59 of the Constitution
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:33:21 GMT
ES13 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
d. Other - proportion of total seats (%) 23
Comments: 20 seats out of 87 are reserved for specific groups. Each of the 4 provincial assemblies elects 5 representatives of special groups, separate from the other members elected to the Senate.
Source: Sub Paragraph (d) of paragraph (1) of Article 59 of the Constitution.
Last updated: Thu, 09 May 2002 22:29:27 GMT
ES14 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
a. No minimum
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:33:59 GMT
ES15 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
a. No minimum
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:34:37 GMT
ES16 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
a. No minimum
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 12:33:51 GMT
ES17 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
a. No minimum
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 12:34:19 GMT
ES18 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
b. Elections can be called at any time (specify by whom)
Comments: a) 5 years b)Can be called by the President on completion of a 5 year term or by dissolution by the President.
Source: Articles 52 and 58 of the Constitution
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:35:57 GMT
ES19 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
Comments: The Senate is not subject to dissolution. The term of the members is 6 years. 1/2 of the members retire from the Senate every three years.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 07:36:36 GMT
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
Comments: Mainly electoral law, but some rules are laid down in the Constitution, eg. the allocation of reserved seats to religious minorities and special groups.
Source: Representation of the PeopleÇs Act, 1976 and Representation of the People(Conduct of Elections) Rules, 1977
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:09:26 GMT
LF02 What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
b. January 1990- December 1999
Comments: The Constitution was last amended in 1999
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:10:30 GMT
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
a. National elections
b. Regional elections
Source: Represenation of the People's Act, 1976
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:11:01 GMT
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
a. Voting is voluntary
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:11:43 GMT
LF05 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require regional and/ or local election (s) to be held on the same day as national elections?
c. National elections are held on the same day as regional elections only
Comments: National and regional(provincial) elections are required to be held on the same day.
Source: Representation of the People«s Act, 1976.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 13:12:37 GMT
LF06 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require presidential election (s) to be held on the same day as national legislative elections?
c. Not applicable
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 13:13:37 GMT
LF07 What are the agency(ies) responsible for first level of formal electoral disputes?
c. Specially Appointed/Elected Electoral Tribunal
Comments: Special Election Tribunals are formed to deal with election appeals and petitions by appointing judges of the High Court.
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976 General Election Report, Election Commission of Pakistan, 1997, chapter XXIX, art 8-9
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:13:18 GMT
LF08 If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
e. Electoral Management Body
Comments: The EMB appoints judges from the High Courts to form special Election Tribunals if complaints are filed.
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976 General Election Report, Election Commission of pakistan, 1997, chapter XXIX, art 8-9
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:15:16 GMT
LF09 Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
a. Candidates
Source: Represenation of the People's Act, 1976
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:15:40 GMT
Media and Elections
ME01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME11 What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME13 What are the laws, if any, which govern the operations of the public broadcaster?
Specify the date of the latest version (including latest amendments)
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME18 What are the laws, if any, that provide for the safeguards for editorial autonomy in relation to the public broadcaster(s)?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME19 What are the laws, if any, which govern the granting of broadcasting licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME22 What are the legal conditions, if any, under which the activities of a media outlet may be suspended?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Comments: a) The major political parties are entitled to free broadcast time on an equal basis.
Source: EU election observation mission report, 2002: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/pak/finalreport02.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME55 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a presidential candidate is permitted to spend on paid advertising?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME56 What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME57 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME58 How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
ME59 Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
b. Yes, in legislative elections
Comments: According to the code of conduct for media, televised debates between representatives/candidates of the major political parties should be arranged. The EU election observation mission found that the code of conduct was generally adhered to.
Source: EU election observation mission report, 2002: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/pak/finalreport02.pdf
Last updated: 2007-02-08 16:29:56 UTC
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
d. No registration required
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:44:36 GMT
PC02 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
d. No registration required
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:45:02 GMT
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
j. Other
Comments: a) The minimum age is 25 years. j) Be of good character and not commonly known as one who violates Islamic injunctions. Have adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practice obligatory duties prescribed by Islam as well as abstain from major sins. Be sagacious, righteous and non-profligate and honest. The non-Muslim candidates have been exempted from possessing the two first qualifications listed but they must bear good moral reputation.
Source: Constitution, article 62 Representation of People Act 1976, subsection 1 of section 99
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:53:54 GMT
PC04 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
Comments: ) The minimum age is 25 years. j) Be of good character and not commonly known as one who violates Islamic injunctions. Have adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practice obligatory duties prescribed by Islam as well as abstain from major sins. Be sagacious, righteous and non-profligate and honest. The non-Muslim candidates have been exempted from possessing the two first qualifications listed but they must bear good moral reputation.
Source: Constitution, article 62 Representation of People Act 1976, subsection 1 of section 99
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:56:07 GMT
PC05 What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
f. Registration
Comments: a) The minimum age is 45 years. j) Be a Muslim, and qualified to be elected as a member of the National Assembly.
Source: Constitution, chapter 1, article 41
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 09:24:36 GMT
PC06 What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
c. Criminal record
e. Offences against electoral law
f. Holding of military office
g. Holding of government office
i. Unpaid debt
k. Mental health problems
o. Other
Comments: c) Crime involving moral turpitude or giving false evidence sentenced to imprisonment for a team of not less than 2 years unless a period of 5 years has elapsed since the release. n) Has been removed or compulsory retired from the service of Pakistan on the ground of misconduct unless a period of 3 years has elapsed.
Source: The Representation of the People's Act, 1976 Constitution, article 63 Representation of the People Act 1976, sub-section 1A of section 99
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 09:35:44 GMT
PC07 What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
c. Criminal record
e. Offences against electoral law
g. Holding of government office
k. Mental health problems
o. Not applicable
Comments: c) Crime involving moral turpitude or giving false evidence sentenced to imprisonment for a team of not less than 2 years unless a period of 5 years has elapsed since the release. o) Has been removed or compulsory retired from the service of Pakistan on the ground of misconduct unless a period of 3 years has elapsed.
Source: Constitution, article 63 Representation of People Act 1976, subsection 1A of section 99
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 09:42:00 GMT
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
Source: The Representation of the People«s Act, 1976.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:24:38 GMT
PC09 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
c. No registration requirement
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:25:01 GMT
PC10 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
c. No registration requirement
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:25:25 GMT
PC11 If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
c. No registration requirement
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:25:46 GMT
PC12 Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
a. No
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 09:44:27 GMT
PC13 If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
d. Not Applicable
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:26:31 GMT
PC14 If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
e. Not Applicable
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:26:53 GMT
PC15 What is the basis of the public funding?
f. Not applicable
Comments: Political parties are not entitled to public funding.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 09:48:24 GMT
PC16 If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
e. Not Applicable
Comments: The political parties are not required to be registered.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:28:13 GMT
PC17 Are political parties entitled to private funding?
a. Yes
Comments: The political parties are not required to be registered.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:25:30 GMT
PC18 If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
c. As related to the election period and between elections
Comments: Parties can recieve private funding at anytime, there are no regulations.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:27:11 GMT
PC19 Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?
j. Not applicable
Comments: There are no regulations on party funding.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:28:59 GMT
PC20 Which of the following candidate financing provisions are applicable?
j. Not applicable
Comments: No regulations on candidate funding.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:32:20 GMT
PC21 Who is responsible for administering and enforcing party income/funding regulations at national level?
e. Not applicable
Comments: There are no party or candidate funding regulations.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:30:04 GMT
Vote Counting
VC01 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)
g. Different ballots used in different constituencies
i. Party symbols in black and white
m. Organized alphabetically
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station official
r. Other
Comments: o.)Names and symbols of the candidates. r.)Ballots are stamped with code numbers and initialed by polling officials.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 07:51:01 GMT
VC02 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
g. Different ballots used in different constituencies
l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names
m. Organized alphabetically
r. Other
Comments: r.)The candidates names are mentioned on the ballot papers.
Source: The Senate (Elections) Act, 1975.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 08:20:49 GMT
VC03 What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties/candidates listed)
d. Categorical (only possible to make one mark)
f. Same ballot papers used nation-wide
l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names
m. Organized alphabetically
Source: Presidential Elections Rules, 1988.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 08:24:13 GMT
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
a. At the polling stations
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976 Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:43:54 GMT
VC05 What procedures are used in the initial count?
a. Separate ballots for different elections
b. Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box
c. Tally of voters who voted
d. Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters
e. Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused)
f. Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud
h. Double tallying as voters are being called out
i. Tallying by party representative and/or observers as votes are being called out
j. Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate
l. Counted by hand
p. Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count
q. Copies of results are provided to observers
r. Observers and party agents are permitted to take their own copies of the results
Source: Representation of the PeopleÇs Act 1976.
Last updated: Mon, 13 May 2002 13:22:47 GMT
VC06 Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
d. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
Comments: d) Constituency. The results are sent by the Presiding Officers to the Returning Officers (sub-district level) and then passed on to the constituency for final consolidation.
Source: Representation of the People's Act 1976 General Election Report 1997, Election Commission of Pakistan, chapter XXI, article 3
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:47:15 GMT
VC07 At what levels are seats allocated?
c. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
Comments: c.) Constituency level
Source: The Delimitation of Constituencies Act, 1974.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 08:33:50 GMT
VC08 How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
a. Physically transported
b. By telephone
c. By fax
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976 General Election Report 1997, Election Commission of Pakistan, chapter XXI, article 10
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:48:55 GMT
VC09 If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?
a. Ballots
b. Unused and spoiled ballots
c. Counterfoils of used ballots
d. Voter rolls
e. Tendered ballots
f. Certificate of result
g. Ballot boxes
Source: Representation of the People«s Act, 1976.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 08:35:48 GMT
VC10 If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
b. Tamper proof bags
c. Signatures on sealed envelopes
e. Accompanied by election officials
g. Accompanied by military personnel
h. Accompanied by police or other security personnel
Comments: The polling results are either transported by police or military personel.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 08:37:39 GMT
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
d. By request
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 12:01:46 GMT
VC12 If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
e. Not applicable
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 12:02:20 GMT
VC13 If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
b. An individual candidate
Source: Representation of the People«s Act, 1976.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 08:39:53 GMT
VC14 If recounted, who conducts the recount?
h. Courts
i. Other
Comments: i) The Returning Officer or the District Returning Officer can order or recount the votes.
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 12:02:57 GMT
VC15 Are preliminary results announced?
a. Yes
Source: Representation of the People«s Act, 1976.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 08:47:39 GMT
VC16 If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?
d. Not applicable Na
Comments: Polling station results are posted immediately, constituency results are published by the Returning Officer as soon as they are available.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Mon, 13 May 2002 14:10:58 GMT
VC17 Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
a. Yes
Comments: The law requires to declare results as soon as possible.
Source: Representation of the People's Act, 1976
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 12:03:36 GMT
VC18 How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)
b. days:
Comments: b) 3-7 days. The consolidation proceedings are held by the Returning Officers.
Source: Section 39 of the Representation of the People's Act, 1976 Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 12:04:14 GMT
Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
a. National Electoral Management Body
g. NGOs/ Civic Organizations
h. Political parties/ candidates
i. Media
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:43:14 GMT
VE02 At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
b. Election time only
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:09:31 GMT
VE03 Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
a. No
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:09:54 GMT
VE04 What types of voter education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
a. Poster/ Billboard campaigns
b. Media advertisement
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:10:20 GMT
VE05 What types of civic education activities were carried out at the most recent national elections?
a. Poster/ Billboard campaigns
b. Media advertisement
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:10:45 GMT
Voting Operations
VO01 Approximately what percentage (on the basis of cost) of election day supplies and equipment are obtained or produced within the country?
a. 91-100%
Comments: 100%
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:34:35 GMT
VO02 Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
b. No
Comments: No, but manuals are prepared for the guidance of election officials.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:33:09 GMT
VO03 Where can electors vote?
a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
f. By mail
Comments: f) Voting by mail is restricted to prisoners and government/civil servants as well as polling staff on duty away from their home districts.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:34:05 GMT
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
a. Outside the country voting is not permitted
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:34:38 GMT
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
g. Not applicable
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:35:47 GMT
VO06 Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
b. Yes
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 25 Jun 2002 14:47:02 GMT
VO07 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
b. By mail
Comments: Voting by mail is restricted to prisoners, government employees on duty away from their home districts and polling staff.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:40:36 GMT
VO08 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
e. People in prison
f. Other
Comments: f) Government employees on duty away from their home districts and polling staff.
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com
Last updated: Tue, 25 Jun 2002 14:48:33 GMT
VO09 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes
Comments: A polling station has one Presiding Officer, but may have up to 4 boths supervised by Assisting Presiding Officers. There may also be several polling stations with multiple polling booths in one building. The maximum voter capacity for a polling station is 1500 regostered voters, the capacity for one both is approximately 375 voters(+/- 10% in both cases.)
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 09:53:25 GMT
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes, the maximum capacity is: 1500
Comments: 1500 voters
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Mon, 13 May 2002 09:03:07 GMT
VO11 How do electors cast their votes?
a. By manually marking the ballot
Comments: A rubber stamp is used to mark the ballot.
Source: The Representation of the People's Act, 1976
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 11:42:10 GMT
VO12 How many staff are assigned to each polling station?
a. The smallest polling station: 5
b. The largest polling station: 13
Comments: A polling station has one Presiding Officer, but may have up to 4 boths supervised by Assisting Presiding Officers. There may also be several polling stations with multiple polling booths in one building. The smallest station has 1 Presiding Officer, 1 Assistant Presiding Officer and 3 Polling Officers, total of 5. The largest station with 4 booths has 1 Assistant Presiding Officer and 2 Polling Officers per both plus 1 Presiding Officer for the entire station, a total of 13.
Source: The Representation of the PeopleÇs Act, 1976.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 09:58:51 GMT
VO13 Approximately how many hours of training were provided to the presiding polling officer for the most recent national elections?
a. hours: 8
Comments: 8 hours
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 07:43:58 GMT
VO14 Approximately how many hours of training were provided to the other polling officials for the most recent national elections?
a. hours: 8
Comments: 8 hours
Source: Muhammad, Hasan, Director General, Election Commission of Pakistan, iftishah77(a)hotmail.com, interview in Stockholm, 29/6-01.
Last updated: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 07:44:32 GMT
Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
f. 21
Source: The Electoral Rolls Act, 1974 Constitution, part III, article 51(2)
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:30:30 GMT
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
a. Citizenship
Source: Constitution, part III, article 51(2)
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:31:15 GMT
VR03 What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
d. Mental disability
Comments: Declared to be of unsound mind by a competent court.
Source: The Electoral Rolls Act, 1974 Constitution, part III, article 51(2)
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:32:22 GMT
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
d. Election Management Body (specify)
Comments: Only the Chief Election Commissioner is responsible for the voter registration, not the Election Commission, which only exist for the election period.
Source: The Electoral Rolls Act, 1974 Constitution, part VIII, article 219
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:33:27 GMT
VR05 What is the registration method for national elections?
b. Voters register
Source: The Electoral Rolls Act, 1974 Constitution, part VIII, article 219
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:34:09 GMT
VR06 How frequently is the voters register updated?
b. Annually
Comments: The Constitution envisages that the Chief Election Commissioner shall revise the electoral rolls annually.
Source: Constitution, part VIII, article 219
Last updated: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 08:41:07 GMT
VR07 What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
a. Links to national population records
e. Appearance by voter at registration office
f. Door-to-door registration campaign
Comments: Door-to-door registration is exceptional. Usually draft lists are prepared from census records and then updated through appearance at the registration.
Source: The Electoral Rolls Act, 1974.
Last updated: Tue, 17 Jul 2001 15:00:19 GMT
May 20, 2008 08:19 AM
