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Romania
- Boundary Delimitation
- Direct Democracy
- Electoral Management
- Electoral Systems
- Legislative Framework
- Media and Elections
- Parties and Candidates
- Vote Counting
- Voter Education
- Voting Operations
- Voter Registration
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
b. No, existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 3 (paragraph 6) and Annex 1.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:21:20 UTC
BD02 The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
e. Not applicable
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 3 (paragraph 6) and Annex 1.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:21:31 UTC
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
h. Not applicable
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 3 (paragraph 6) and Annex 1.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:21:41 UTC
BD04 If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
g. Not applicable
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 3 (paragraph 6) and Annex 1.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:21:52 UTC
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Dr. Nagy, Csongor István
b. Job Title: expert
c. Organisation: ACEEEO
d. Contact Address. H-1118 Budapest, Ménesi út (street) 12.
e. Telephone: 0036703823653
g. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Last updated: 2005-03-20 15:59:11 UTC
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
a. Mandatory referendum
b. Optional referendum
e. Recall
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, articles 6-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:04:58 UTC
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
a. Constitutional
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 150-152.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:06:11 UTC
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:06:31 UTC
DD05 What is the legal basis for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Source: Constitution, 2003; Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:06:55 UTC
DD06 What is the legal basis for agenda initiatives at the national level?
e. Not applicable
Source: Constitution, 2003; Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:07:21 UTC
DD07 What is the legal basis for recalls at the national level?
a. Constitutional
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:07:40 UTC
DD08 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:08:03 UTC
DD09 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:08:31 UTC
DD10 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Source: Constitution, 2003; Law on referendums, 2000;
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:08:53 UTC
DD100 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an agenda initiative?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:52:08 UTC
DD101 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for a recall?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:52:20 UTC
DD102 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a referendum?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:52:31 UTC
DD103 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:52:43 UTC
DD104 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a recall?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:52:54 UTC
DD105 Who is responsible for checking the signatures?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:53:05 UTC
DD106 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
f. Other (specify)
Comments: No such organisations.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:53:37 UTC
DD107 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in an initiative?
f. Other (specify)
Comments: No such organisations.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:54:10 UTC
DD108 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a recall?
f. Other (specify)
Comments: No such organisations.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:54:34 UTC
DD109 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
h. None
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:55:18 UTC
DD11 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
e. Not applicable
Source: Constitution, 2003; Law on referendums, 2000;
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:09:18 UTC
DD110 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for an initiative?
h. None
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:55:31 UTC
DD111 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a recall?
h. None
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:55:42 UTC
DD112 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
g. None
Comments: The Law on referendums refer simly to the rules of parliamentary elections but these rules cover only the organising of the process.
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:57:29 UTC
DD113 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
h. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:57:52 UTC
DD114 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a recall?
g. None
Comments: The Law on referendums refer simly to the rules of parliamentary elections but these rules cover only the organising of the process.
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:58:17 UTC
DD115 What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:58:46 UTC
DD116 What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:59:02 UTC
DD117 What is the period during which these controls apply for a recall?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:59:16 UTC
DD118 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a referendum? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. No campaign organisations
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:00:21 UTC
DD119 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for an initiative? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
f. Not applicable
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:01:28 UTC
DD12 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
b. Specific laws/legislation
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:09:50 UTC
DD120 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a recall? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. No campaign organisations
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:01:13 UTC
DD121 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a referendum?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
f. None
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:02:07 UTC
DD122 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for an initiative?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:02:21 UTC
DD123 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a recall?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
f. None
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:02:43 UTC
DD124 If free media access is provided, what are the criteria for allocating broadcast time / printing space?
a. Not applicable.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:03:06 UTC
DD125 Is the government permitted to campaign either in favour of or against any specific outcome to a referendum, initiatives or recall vote?
a. Yes
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:03:28 UTC
DD126 What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
a. No restriction.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:03:46 UTC
DD127 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign for a recall?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 17:04:04 UTC
DD13 When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level?
Date (yyyy)
a. Mandatory referendum 1990
b. Optional referendum 2000
e. Recall 1992
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, articles 6-12.; Decree-Law 29/1990.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:11:33 UTC
DD14 When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy)
a. Mandatory referendum 2000
b. Optional referendum 2000
e. Recall 2000
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:12:03 UTC
DD15 Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
b. Independent electoral commission
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, articles 17-18 and 23.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:12:33 UTC
DD16 Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
a. Yes
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 1991; Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:15:22 UTC
DD17 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:16:26 UTC
DD18 Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all regions/states/provinces
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:16:39 UTC
DD19 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:16:54 UTC
DD20 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:17:07 UTC
DD21 Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:17:24 UTC
DD22 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:17:48 UTC
DD23 Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
a. Yes, in all municipalities/districts/communes
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:18:06 UTC
DD24 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:18:19 UTC
DD25 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:18:31 UTC
DD26 Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
c. No
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 and 13-14.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:18:43 UTC
DD27 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
a. Constitutional amendments
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 150-152.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:19:39 UTC
DD28 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
j. Other (specify)
Comments: j: issues of national interest, which may cover everything that does not belong to mandatory referendum and that is not excluded (see infra).
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 150-152., Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:21:27 UTC
DD29 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
c. Transfer of authority to international bodies
d. National sovereignty, national self-determination
f. Devolution
i. Other public policy issues
j. Other (specify)
Comments: The provisions of th2 Constitution with regard to the national, independent, unitary and indivisible character of the Romanian State, the Republican form of government, territorial integrity, independence of the judiciary, political pluralism and official language shall not be subject to revision. Likewise, no revision shall be made if it results in the suppression of the citizens fundamental rights and freedoms, or the safeguards thereof. Finally, the Constitution shall not be revised during a state of siege or emergency, or at wartime.
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 150-152.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:23:32 UTC
DD30 Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
c. Other public policy issues
d. Other (specify)
Comments: d: issues of local public interest.
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 2 paragraph (2).
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:24:34 UTC
DD31 Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
c. President
d. Legislative majority
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:26:52 UTC
DD32 Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
d. Legislature
Source: Constitution, 2003, 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:27:40 UTC
DD33 Who is responsible for drafting the optional referendum question?
c. President
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:28:02 UTC
DD34 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
a. The title of the proposal
b. The numbers of the articles or paragraphs of the legal instruments to which changes are proposed
Source: Constitution, 2003, 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:29:38 UTC
DD35 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the optional referendum question?
d. The full text of the proposal
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:29:56 UTC
DD36 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
c. President
d. Legislature
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-21 19:02:46 UTC
DD37 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
c. President
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:30:56 UTC
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
c. No quorum required c:
Source: Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:31:27 UTC
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
c. No quorom required c:
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:32:27 UTC
DD40 What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
a. Simple majority (>50%)
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:34:09 UTC
DD41 What are the requirements for optional referendums to pass?
a. Simple majority (>50%)
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:34:26 UTC
DD42 In which areas, if any, do regulatory provisions differ between a referendum and a national election?
Tick all that apply and specify below in the comments section.
f. Other
Comments: No difference.
Source: Law on referendums, 2000, article 17-18.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:35:02 UTC
DD43 When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
a. Always
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:35:16 UTC
DD44 When is the outcome of an optional referendum binding?
a. Always
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 150-152; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:35:33 UTC
DD45 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:35:47 UTC
DD46 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:35:58 UTC
DD47 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of a citizens' initiative at the national level?
k. None
Comments: Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:36:18 UTC
DD48 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of an agenda initiative at the national level?
k. None
Comments: Not applicable.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:36:38 UTC
DD49 Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:36:57 UTC
DD50 Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:37:09 UTC
DD51 What material is necessary to accompany an application for registration?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:37:23 UTC
DD52 Who determines the title of a citizens' initiative?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:37:37 UTC
DD53 Who determines the title of an agenda initiative?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:37:50 UTC
DD54 Which, if any, of the following disqualify a proposed title of an initiative?
h. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:38:03 UTC
DD55 Which services are provided by the agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms before an initiative can be published?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:38:17 UTC
DD56 Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:38:31 UTC
DD57 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, who is responsible for undertaking it?
f. Other (specify)
Comments: Not applicable.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:38:49 UTC
DD58 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:39:01 UTC
DD59 Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens’ initiative?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:39:15 UTC
DD60 At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
c. Other (specify)
Comments: Not applicable.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:39:37 UTC
DD61 What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:39:48 UTC
DD62 When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:40:03 UTC
DD64 Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
d. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:40:29 UTC
DD65 Which of the following individuals/positions may be subject to the recall mechanism?
b. President
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:40:53 UTC
DD66 What are the grounds upon which a recall may be launched?
a. Political or policy grounds
f. Other (specify)
Comments: Not specified.
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:41:24 UTC
DD67 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to the time period in which an individual/position can be recalled?
a. No restriction.
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95; Law on referendums, 2000.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:41:55 UTC
DD68 If a recall qualifies for the ballot, when is it put to the vote?
a. Within a certain time limit (specify)
Comments: 30 days.
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:42:21 UTC
DD69 When does the election to replace an individual who has been recalled take place?
b. Separately and subsequently
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:42:37 UTC
DD70 If a separate ballot to replace an individual who has been recalled takes place, how soon after the recall ballot is it held?
a. 3 months.
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95 and 97.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:43:09 UTC
DD71 Can an individual who is the subject of a recall stand on the ballot for his/her own replacement?
a. Yes
Comments: No provision to the contrary.
Source: Constitution, 2003, Section 95; Law on referendums, 2000, article 1-12.
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:43:47 UTC
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable e:
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:46:13 UTC
DD73 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a rejective referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable e:
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:46:32 UTC
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable e:
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:46:48 UTC
DD75 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an agenda initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable e:
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:47:03 UTC
DD76 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional) has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:47:16 UTC
DD77 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a rejective referendum (optional) has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:47:27 UTC
DD78 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for a citizens' initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:47:57 UTC
DD79 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for an agenda initiative has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:48:07 UTC
DD80 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:48:19 UTC
DD81 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:48:29 UTC
DD82 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:48:41 UTC
DD83 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for an agenda initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:48:53 UTC
DD84 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a recall?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
e. Not applicable e:
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:49:08 UTC
DD85 What is the deadline, if any, for collecting the required number of signatures after a proposal for recall has been published?
c. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:49:25 UTC
DD87 Where can proposals for an abrogative referendum (optional) be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:49:36 UTC
DD88 Where can proposals for a rejective referendum (optional) be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:49:51 UTC
DD89 Where can proposals for a citizens' initiative be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:50:02 UTC
DD90 Where can proposals for an agenda initiative be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:50:16 UTC
DD91 Where can proposals for a recall be signed?
g. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:50:28 UTC
DD92 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:50:39 UTC
DD93 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a rejective referendum (optional)?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:50:49 UTC
DD94 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:51:00 UTC
DD95 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for an agenda initiative?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:51:12 UTC
DD96 What information must signatories provide when signing the proposal for a recall?
e. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:51:23 UTC
DD97 What restrictions, if any, are there in relation to signature collection for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
f. Not applicable
Last updated: 2005-03-20 16:51:35 UTC
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
a. Name of Institution Biroul Electoral Central
b. Full Address Press Center, Bucharest, 62-64 Gen. Berthelot Street
c. Telephone (401) 311-3670; (401) 311-3672; Press Center: (401) 233-1878
d. Facsimile (401) 311-3669
e. Email [email protected]
f. Website Address www.kappa.ro/guv/bec
g. Name and Title of Chairperson/President Pastor, Leonida, judge of the Supreme Court
i. Official language of the electoral law governing national elections Romanian
Comments: Name and Title of Chairperson/President: The Central Electoral Commission is not permanent, the mandate of the commission, as well as the office of the chairperson, is limited to the end of the current elections.
Source: http://www.kappa.ro/guv/bec/
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:19:05 UTC
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
a. National level
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 23 (paragraph 1) and 25 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:19:28 UTC
EM03 The national electoral management body reports to:
c. The legislature
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 68 (paragraphs 2-4).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:19:39 UTC
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
c. The legislature
Comments: c.) Any costs or expenses incurred from carrying out the election proceedings shall be paid out of the State budget. The seat and equipment shall be provided by the Government, those of the constituency commissions by the prefects, and those of the polling stations by the mayors, together with the prefects.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 83 (paragraphs 1-2).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:20:01 UTC
EM05 The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
g. Other
Comments: g.) There is no specific rule in the national electoral law, but the Court of Auditors controls all public money matters.
Source: Constitution, article 139.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:20:14 UTC
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
b. For a term of _________ years
Comments: 8 year for the president and two vice-presidents, while the remaining members are incumbent only during the elections.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 23 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:18:37 UTC
EM07 The national electoral management body chairperson, or equivalent, is chosen in the following way:
a. Elected (specify by whom)
Comments: The chairperson is elected by the 23 members of the Central Election Commission.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 24 (paragraph 3).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:20:50 UTC
Electoral Systems
ES01 How is the Head of State selected?
c. Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary)
Source: Constitution, article 81 (paragraph 1-3). Law on Election of the President, article 1.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 10:09:59 UTC
ES02 How is the Head of Government selected?
c. Indirectly elected by legislature/chosen by parliament
Comments: Indirectly elected by legislature, Chamber 1 and Chamber 2 combined.
Source: Constitution, article 102.
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:22:39 GMT
ES03 Does the country have a president?
a. Yes
Source: Constitution, article 80 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:23:21 GMT
ES04 The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
b. Two chambers
Source: Constitution, article 58 (paragraph 2).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:24:02 GMT
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
g. List Proportional Representation
Source: Constitution, article 59 (paragraph 3). Law on Election of the Parliament, article 3 (paragraph 1) and article 66.
Last updated: 2004-11-19 14:27:01 UTC
ES06 What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
g. List Proportional Representation
Source: Constitution, article 59 (paragraph 3). Law on Election of the Parliament, article 3 (paragraph 1) and article 66.
Last updated: 2004-11-19 14:30:06 UTC
ES07 If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
a. d'Hondt Formula
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 66.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:07:35 UTC
ES08 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
a. National level
c. Regional/provincial level
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 66 (paragraph 3).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:07:52 UTC
ES09 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
a. National level
Comments: Seats are also distributed at the regional/provincial level.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 66.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:08:07 UTC
ES10 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
a. Yes
Comments: If a minority group obtains at least 5 % of the average number of validly expressed votes throughout the country, they gain one deputy mandate.
Source: Constitution, article 59. Law on Election of the Parliament, article 4.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:08:22 UTC
ES11 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
a. Nationality or ethnic groups - proportion of total seats (%) 0.29
Comments: If it obtains at least 5 % of the average number of validly expressed votes throughout the country, a minority gains one of 345 deputy mandates.
Source: Constitution, article 59 (paragraph 3). Law on Election of the Parliament, article 4 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:08:37 UTC
ES12 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
b. No
Source: Constitution. Law on Election of the Parliament.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:08:51 UTC
ES13 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
e. Not applicable X
Comments: Special constituencies or seats are not reserved in the Senate.
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:35:30 GMT
ES14 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
b. Specify the percentage:
Comments: 5%
Source: Emergency Decree 129/2000, article 1 (paragraph 5).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:36:56 GMT
ES15 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
b. Specify the percentage:
Comments: 5%
Source: Emergency Decree 129/2000, article 1 (paragraph 5).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:38:16 GMT
ES16 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
b. Specify the percentage:
Comments: b.) 5%
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 65 (paragraph 2) and 66 (paragraph 1), amended by Emergency Decree 129/2000, articles 1 and 2.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:09:36 UTC
ES17 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
b. Specify the percentage:
Comments: b.) 5%
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 65 (paragraph 2) and 66. (paragraph 1), amended by Emergency Decree 129/2000, articles 1 and 2.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:09:57 UTC
ES18 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
c. On a fixed day of the week (specify day, specify if holiday)
Comments: a.) Every 4 years. Elections shall be held within three months from the expiration of the term of office or the dissolution. c.) Sunday
Source: Constitution, article 60 (paragraph 2). Law on Election of the Parliament, article 6 (paragraphs 1 and 2)
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:24:31 UTC
ES19 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
a. At fixed intervals (specify length)
c. On a fixed day of the week (specify day, specify if holiday)
Comments: a.) Every 4 years. Elections shall be held within three months from the expiration of the term of office or the dissolution. c.) Sunday
Source: Constitution, article 60 (paragraph 2). Law on Election of the Parliament, article 6 (paragraphs 1 and 2).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:24:48 UTC
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
Source: Constitution. Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Law on Election of the Parliament. Law on Election of the President. Law on Political Parties; Emergency Decree 3/1996.; Emergency Decree 129/2000.;Emergency Decree 140/2000.; Emergency Decree 165/2000.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:12:45 UTC
LF02 What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
a. January 2000 or later
Comments: 2004.
Source: Legea nr. 373/2004 pentru alegerea Camerei Deputatilor si a Senatului.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:20:29 UTC
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
a. National elections
Source: Constitution. Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Law on Election of the Parliament. Law on Election of the President. Law on Political Parties; Emergency Decree 3/1996.; Emergency Decree 129/2000.;Emergency Decree 140/2000.; Emergency Decree 165/2000.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:13:13 UTC
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
a. Voting is voluntary
Source: Constitution, article 34.
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:47:42 GMT
LF05 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require regional and/ or local election (s) to be held on the same day as national elections?
a. National elections are not held on the same day as regional or local elections
Comments: There are no such provisions.
Last updated: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 18:59:54 GMT
LF06 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require presidential election (s) to be held on the same day as national legislative elections?
a. Presidential elections are not held on the same day as national legislative elections
Comments: There are no such provisions.
Last updated: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 19:00:55 GMT
LF07 What are the agency(ies) responsible for first level of formal electoral disputes?
a. Judiciary
b. EMB
Comments: a.) Voters' list and petty offences. b.) Central Electoral Commission in cases regarding the proceedings of the electoral commissions at the polling stations. Constituency Electoral Commission in cases regarding the proceedings of the electoral commissions at the polling stations.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles: 12 (paragraph 2), 16 (paragraph 5), 25 (paragraph 1 and 3), 27 (paragraph 1), 32 (paragraph 2), 48 (paragraph 1), and 74 (paragraph 4).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:27:40 UTC
LF08 If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
h. Not applicable
Comments: The agency/ies which settles formal disputes is not specially appointed/elected.
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 17:54:44 GMT
LF09 Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
a. Candidates
b. Parties
c. Voters
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 12, 16, 25, 27 (paragraph 1), 32 and 48.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:14:42 UTC
LF10 What body(ies) is the final appellate authority for formal electoral disputes?
a. Electoral Management Body
b. Constitutional (or similar) Court
c. Superior Court
Comments: a.) Generally, the final appellate authority in parliamentary elections: voiding the elections, formation of the constituency electoral commissions. b.) Exclusively in cases concerning presidential elections. c.) Registration of nominations, formation of the Central Electoral Commission.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles: 25 (paragraphs 1-4), 32(paragraph 2), 36 (paragraph 4), and 48 (paragraph 3). Law on Election of the President, articles 17 and 24 (paragraph 1-4).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:15:18 UTC
Media and Elections
ME02 Which of the following types of radio stations are present at a national level in your country?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:27:12 UTC
ME03 Which of the following types of television stations are present at a national level in your country?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:27:28 UTC
ME04 Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers are present at a national level in your country?
c. Privately owned
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:27:39 UTC
ME05 Which of the following do you believe best describes the print media situation at the national level in your country?
d. No government newspaper: competition between two or more major private newspapers
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:28:00 UTC
ME06 What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of private radio stations?
a. Over 60%
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:28:10 UTC
ME08 What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of private television stations?
a. Over 60%
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:28:20 UTC
ME09 In your opinion, which of the following types of media in your country have a public reputation for being independent?
b. Private radio
d. Private television
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:28:38 UTC
ME11 What laws, if any, guarantee freedom of access to public information for representatives of the media?
a. a
Comments: Law on Access to Public Information
Source: Law on Access to Public Information, 2001.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:45:55 UTC
ME14 What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of the public television stations?
a. Over 60%
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:35:48 UTC
ME15 What proportion of the population can receive transmissions of the national level programming of the national level programming of the public radio stations?
a. Over 60 %
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:37:38 UTC
ME16 In your opinion, upon which types of media at national level in your country do citizens most rely as a source of information? Mark the most important source with 1, and the second most important source with 2:
c. Private radio
f. Private television
g. Print media
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:42:11 UTC
ME17 In your opinion, which of the following types of media in your country have a public reputation for being independent?
b. Private radio
d. Private television
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:42:42 UTC
ME20 Who grants licenses/frequencies to private broadcasters?
b. Independent regulator
Comments: National Broadcasting Council
Source: Audiovisual Law adopted in 1992
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:45:24 UTC
ME21 Who is allowed to hold broadcasting licenses?
b. Private companies
Source: Audiovisual Law, 1992.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:47:28 UTC
ME23 Are any journalists currently imprisoned or facing criminal charges for exercising their profession?
a. Yes
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:00:59 UTC
ME24 What legal instruments are used to regulate media coverage of elections?
a. Law
b. Secondary legislation (e.g. regulations)
c. Voluntary agreement or self-regulation
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:01:15 UTC
ME25 Which of the following bodies or agencies has a responsibility in the regulation of media coverage of elections?
a. Statutory regulator (e.g. broadcasting licensing body)
b. Voluntary regulator (e.g. media council, journalists' ethics committee)
c. Government
d. Legislature
e. Judiciary
Source: Audiovisual Law, 1992.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:01:49 UTC
ME26 What form does the responsibility, if any, of the EMB to regulate media coverage of elections take?
b. Requiring balance in media news coverage of an election
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:02:16 UTC
ME28 What form does the authority, if any, of the EMB to enforce remedies or sanctions against the media in case of breach of the rules on media coverage of elections take
a. Enforcement of a right of reply, correction or retraction
b. Administrative penalty
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:02:51 UTC
ME29 Do political parties or candidates have a right to have their replies to inaccurate or misleading media coverage published promptly and free of charge?
a. Yes
Source: Law on the election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 68.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 18:07:43 UTC
ME30 What is the legal liability of the media if they report unlawful statements by candidates during election campaigns (e.g. defamatory or inflammatory speeches)?
a. Criminal prosecution
b. Administrative sanction
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:05:36 UTC
ME31 Have the media or journalists' organisations adopted a code of ethics specific to elections?
Please send us a copy.
b. No
Source: http://www.ejc.nl/jr/emland/romania.html#5
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:06:12 UTC
ME32 If so, how well do you perceive this code of ethics to be respected?
d. Not respected at all
Source: http://www.ejc.nl/jr/emland/romania.html#5
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:06:27 UTC
ME33 Which body, if any, is responsible for regulating free or paid access of political parties or candidates to the media during election campaigns.
a. EMB
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:07:09 UTC
ME34 Which of the following types of radio stations provide political parties with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 61-62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:10:09 UTC
ME35 Which of the following types of television stations provide political parties with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 61-62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:11:15 UTC
ME36 Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide political parties with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
c. Privately owned
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:11:26 UTC
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
a. Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:11:44 UTC
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
b. The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising b:
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004,
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:18:23 UTC
ME39 Which of the following types of radio stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 61-62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:19:06 UTC
ME40 Which of the following types of television stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 61-62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:20:18 UTC
ME41 Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspaper provide individual candidates (legislative) with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:20:29 UTC
ME42 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to individual candidates (legislative)?
a. Equal regardless of size and previous performance
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 61-62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:20:47 UTC
ME43 Which of the following types of radio stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with paid broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 57-62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:21:53 UTC
ME44 Which of the following types of television stations provide individual candidates (legislative) with paid broadcast time and/or paid printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 57-62.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:22:27 UTC
ME45 Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide individual candidates (legislative) with printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
c. Privately owned
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:22:48 UTC
ME46 What are the criteria for allocating paid broadcast time and/or paid printed advertisement space to individual candidates (legislative)?
d. Based on mixture of principles (specify)
g. Not regulated: based only on the amount the candidate wishes to spend
Comments: Proportionality, equity, balandec communication etc.
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 57-63.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:24:46 UTC
ME47 Which of the following types of radio stations provide presidential candidates with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 57-63.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:25:06 UTC
ME48 Which of the following types of television stations provide presidential candidates with free broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 57-63.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:25:39 UTC
ME49 Which of the following daily and weekly newspapers provide presidential candidates with free printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:25:58 UTC
ME50 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to presidential candidates?
d. Based on mixture of principles (specify)
Comments: Equal opportunity, balanced communication, objectivity etc.
Source: Law on the Election of the President, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:27:40 UTC
ME51 Which of the following types of radio stations provide presidential candidates with paid broadcast time for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Source: Law on the election of the president, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:28:18 UTC
ME52 Which of the following types of television stations provide presidential candidates with paid broadcast for national election campaigns?
a. Publicly owned
c. Privately owned
Source: Law on the election of the president, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:28:34 UTC
ME53 Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide presidential candidates with paid printed advertisement space for national election campaigns?
c. Privately owned
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:28:53 UTC
ME54 What are the criteria for allocating paid broadcast time and/or paid printed advertisement space to presidential candidates?
d. Based on mixture of principles (specify)
Comments: Equility, objectivity, balanced etc.
Source: Law on the election of the president, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:29:31 UTC
ME55 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a presidential candidate is permitted to spend on paid advertising?
b. The law does not specify any limits on paid advertising b:
Source: Law on the election of the president, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:29:50 UTC
ME56 What are the laws, if any, which govern the disclosure of campaign advertising expenditures by political parties and candidates?
b. There are no laws in this regard b:
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:30:39 UTC
ME57 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a media outlet can charge parties/candidates for advertising during the campaign?
b. The law does not specify any limits b:
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004; Law on the Election of the President, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:31:18 UTC
ME58 How does this maximum amount (identified in question C.15.1) affect the political participation of smaller or newly formed parties?
b. None b:
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:31:50 UTC
ME59 Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
a. Yes, in presidential elections
b. Yes, in legislative elections
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:32:08 UTC
ME60 What legal requirements, if any, regulate the participation of candidates or party representatives in media debates?
a. ......... None
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:32:26 UTC
ME61 Which of the following information in reporting the results of opinion polls are required to be disclosed by law?
a. Person or agency that commissioned the opinion poll
b. Geographical coverage
c. Characteristics of the sample
d. Size of the sample
f. Other
Comments: Time of the performance of the opinion poll.
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 65.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:34:06 UTC
ME62 What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
b. 2-3 days
Comments: 48 hours.
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 66.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:34:35 UTC
ME63 Where, if at all, may exit polls be carried out?
b. Outside the polling station
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 67.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:35:08 UTC
ME64 If exit polls are permitted, when can the results be disseminated via the media?
b. After all polls close
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004, article 67.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:35:49 UTC
ME65 When are the media, by law, allowed to report preliminary election results?
b. After all polls close, before official results are available
Source: Law on the Election of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, 2004.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:36:12 UTC
ME66 Are the media allowed to project/predict winners before the final results are available?
a. Yes
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:36:24 UTC
ME67 What resources does the EMB have for its work with the media?
b. A press officer
Source: http://www.bec2004.ro/
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:37:23 UTC
ME68 Have staff responsible for media relations received training for this work?
b. No
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:37:34 UTC
ME69 Which of the following has the EMB produced or organised?
a. Media packs/press kits
b. Press releases
c. Press conferences/briefings
e. Web site
Source: http://www.bec2004.ro
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:37:57 UTC
ME70 Has the EMB provided or facilitated training for journalists in how the electoral process works?
b. No
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:38:07 UTC
ME71 Which of the following types of radio stations, provide free broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:38:19 UTC
ME72 Which of the following television stations provide free broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:38:31 UTC
ME73 Which of the following daily and weekly newspapers provide free print space to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:38:41 UTC
ME74 Which of the following types of radio stations provide paid broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:38:52 UTC
ME75 Which of the following types of television stations provide paid broadcast time to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:39:02 UTC
ME76 Which of the following types of daily and weekly newspapers provide paid broadcast time or print space to the EMB for voter information campaigns?
e. None
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:39:11 UTC
ME77 What steps does the EMB take to make sure that it is communicating its message to the media?
e. None of the above
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:39:23 UTC
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Signature requirement (specify requirement)
c. Regional distribution requirement
f. Other
Comments: The party shall be registered at the Tribunal. 10.000 supporting signatures are required from 15 counties, with at least 300 from each county. f.) A bank account is needed.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament. Law on Political Parties, article 17 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:32:10 UTC
PC02 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Signature requirement (specify requirement)
c. Regional distribution requirement
f. Other
Comments: The party shall be registered at the Tribunal. 10.000 supporting signatures are required from 15 counties, with at least 300 from each county. f.) A bank account is needed.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament. Law on Political Parties, article 17 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:34:13 UTC
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
Comments: a.) 23 years
Source: Constitution, articles 16 and 35.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:45:02 UTC
PC04 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
Comments: a.) 35 years.
Source: Constitution, articles 16 and 35.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:48:01 UTC
PC05 What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
a. Age
b. Citizenship
d. Residence
f. Registration
Comments: a.) 35 years.
Source: Constitution, articles: 16 (paragraph 3), 35 and 37 (paragraph 3).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:48:46 UTC
PC06 What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
f. Holding of military office
g. Holding of government office
k. Mental health problems
n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)
o. Other
Comments: o) Disfranchised by a final decision of the court of law. This can be due to criminal incarceration. f) g) and n) Judges of the Constitutional Court, the Advocates of the People, magistrates, active members of the Armed Forces, policemen and other categories of civil servants, established by an organic law, may not be elected to office.
Source: Constitution, articles: 16, 34, 35, and 37 (paragraph 3).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:31:10 GMT
PC07 What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
f. Holding of military office
g. Holding of government office
k. Mental health problems
n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)
p. Other
Comments: p) Disfranchised by a final decision of the court of law. This can be due to criminal incarceration. Nobody can be the President of Romania for more than two terms. f, g and n) Judges of the Constitutional Court, the Advocates of the People, magistrates, active members of the Armed Forces, policemen and other categories of civil servants, established by an organic law, may not be elected to office.
Source: Constitution, articles: 16, 34, 35, and 37 (paragraph 3).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:31:52 GMT
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
e. In both presidential and legislative elections
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles: 3 (paragraph 1) and 5 (paragraph 5). Law on Election of the President, article 3.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:50:30 UTC
PC09 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: They must acquire signatures from 0,5% of the voters of the constituency in question.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 5 (paragraph 5).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:50:01 UTC
PC10 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: They must acquire signatures from 0,5% of the voters of the constituency in question.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 5 (paragraph 5).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:51:38 UTC
PC11 If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
a. Signature requirement (specify)
Comments: a.) 300.000
Source: Emergency Decree 129/2000, article 2 (paragraph 1). Amending Law on Election of the President, article 3 (paragraph 2).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:51:57 UTC
PC12 Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
b. Direct
c. Indirect
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 45 and 46. Law on Political Parties, article 39.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:52:09 UTC
PC13 If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
c. As related to the election period and between elections
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 45 and 46. Law on Political Parties, article 39.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:52:21 UTC
PC14 If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
a. Free media access
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 46.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:52:32 UTC
PC15 What is the basis of the public funding?
b. Based on result of previous election
Source: Law on Political Parties, article 39.
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:38:26 GMT
PC16 If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
a. General party administration
b. Election campaign activities
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 45. Law on Political Parties, article 39.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:52:51 UTC
PC17 Are political parties entitled to private funding?
a. Yes
Source: Law on Political Parties, article 33 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:39:28 GMT
PC18 If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
c. As related to the election period and between elections
Source: Law on Political Parties, articles 33, 34 and 35.
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:40:02 GMT
PC19 Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?
a. Public disclosure of party contributions received
c. Prohibition on party funding from foreign sources
d. Ceilings on how much money a party can raise
h. Publication or public access to contribution and / or expenditure reports
i. Other
Comments: i) Funding from public institutions, self-managed public companies, trading companies and banking companies holding the majority of State capital, are prohibited.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 45. Law on Political Parties, articles: 34 (paragraph 3), 35 and 36(paragraphs 1-2).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:53:15 UTC
Vote Counting
VC01 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)
g. Different ballots used in different constituencies
h. Party symbols in color
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 37-43, 54 and Annex 3.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:54:50 UTC
VC02 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)
g. Different ballots used in different constituencies
h. Party symbols in color
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 37-43, 54 and Annex 3.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:55:02 UTC
VC03 What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
a. Single ballot (all registered parties/candidates listed)
d. Categorical (only possible to make one mark)
g. Different ballot used in different constituencies
h. Party symbols in color
Source: Law on Election of the President. Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 37-43, 54 and Annex 3.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:55:15 UTC
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
a. At the polling stations
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 61.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:55:26 UTC
VC05 What procedures are used in the initial count?
f. Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud
j. Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate
l. Counted by hand
m. Sorted by party list
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 61 and 62.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:55:36 UTC
VC06 Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
d. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
Comments: d) Constituency Electoral Commission
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 64.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:55:47 UTC
VC07 At what levels are seats allocated?
c. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)
d. National level
Comments: The distribution and assignment of the deputy and senator mandates shall be carried out in two stages: at the level of each constituency, and at the level of the whole country.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 66.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:55:59 UTC
VC08 How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
a. Physically transported
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 64 (paragraph 1) and 65 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:56:10 UTC
VC10 If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
c. Signatures on sealed envelopes
e. Accompanied by election officials
g. Accompanied by military personnel
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles: 62 (paragraph 2), 64 (paragraph 1), 65 (paragraph 1) and 67.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:56:27 UTC
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
a. Never recounted
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:56:37 UTC
VC12 If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
e. Not applicable
Comments: Ballots are not recounted.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:56:50 UTC
VC13 If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
g. Not applicable
Comments: Ballots are not recounted.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:57:06 UTC
VC14 If recounted, who conducts the recount?
j. Not applicable
Comments: Ballots are not recounted.
Last updated: Wed, 10 Jul 2002 09:03:43 GMT
VC17 Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?
a. Yes
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 69.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:57:34 UTC
VC18 How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)
b. days:
Comments: b.) 5 days
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles: 62 (paragraph 2), 64(paragraph (2), 67 (paragraph 3), 68 (paragraphs 2-7), and 69.
Last updated: 2004-11-25 09:58:06 UTC
Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
d. National Government
e. Regional Governments
f. Local Governments
g. NGOs/ Civic Organizations
h. Political parties/ candidates
i. Media
Last updated: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 19:26:37 GMT
VE02 At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
b. Election time only
Last updated: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 19:26:55 GMT
VE03 Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
a. No
Last updated: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 19:27:23 GMT
Voting Operations
VO02 Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
b. No
Last updated: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 20:28:23 GMT
VO03 Where can electors vote?
a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
c. At any polling station in the same country
d. At specially designated polling stations
e. At mobile polling stations
Comments: The voters may vote at the polling station where they have their place of permanent residence or at a specially designated polling station. Voters who, on polling day, shall be in a locality other than that in which they are registered, can exercise their right to vote on the basis of their voters card at any polling station. There they will be registered on a special voter list by the electoral commission at the polling station.
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, articles 19, 20, 53 and 59.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:26:47 UTC
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
b. Citizens residing outside the country
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 20.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:26:58 UTC
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 20.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:27:10 UTC
VO06 Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
a. No
Source: Law on Election of Parliament, article 52.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:27:21 UTC
VO07 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
f. Not applicable
Comments: Electors cannot vote in advance of the designated national election day(s).
Source: Law on Election of Parliament, article 52.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:27:35 UTC
VO08 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
g. Not applicable
Comments: Electors cannot vote in advance of the designated national election day(s).
Source: Law on Election of Parliament, article 52.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:27:50 UTC
VO09 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 18 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:28:27 UTC
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
a. Yes, the maximum capacity is: 2.000
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 18 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:28:39 UTC
Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
c. 18
Source: Constitution, article 34 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:13:04 GMT
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
a. Citizenship
Source: Constitution, article 34.
Last updated: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 18:13:26 GMT
VR03 What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
d. Mental disability
h. Other
Comments: h.) Disfranchised by a final decision of the court of law. This can be due to criminal incarceration.
Source: Constitution, article 34.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:23:23 UTC
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
c. Local Government Authority
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 8 (paragraph 2).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:23:37 UTC
VR05 What is the registration method for national elections?
b. Voters register
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 7.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:23:54 UTC
VR06 How frequently is the voters register updated?
b. Annually
Source: Law on Election of the Parliament, article 9 (paragraph 1).
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:24:05 UTC
VR07 What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
a. Links to national population records
b. Links to police records of residence
Comments: The local authority creates the register from the record of residents in the administrative unit. This is also the main source of updating.
Source: Law on Election of Parliament, articles 8 and 9.
Last updated: 2004-11-22 10:24:20 UTC
May 20, 2008 08:19 AM
