a. Yes

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:15:53 GMT

c. The Electoral Management Body

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:16:33 GMT

a. "Equality" of population

d. Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries

Comments: 81 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the country's provinces.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:20:24 GMT

b. Citizen population

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:20:03 GMT

d. Electoral management body

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:20:35 GMT

g. Changes in administrative boundaries

k. Boundaries redrawn every____period of years

Comments: Boundaries are redrawn every elections (every 5 years). However, if early elections take place, boundaries are redrawn at the time of the election.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:22:31 GMT

a. Name and Title: Attila Vincze
b. Job Title: reserchear
c. Organisation: ACEEEO
d. Contact Address. Budapest, V. Alkotmány street 25. Hungary Postal Address: Budapest, P.O. BOX: 81. 1450 Hungary
e. Telephone: + 36 1 354 02 65
f. Facsimile: + 36 1 354 02 64
g. Email: [email protected]

Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:13:10 UTC

a. Mandatory referendum

b. Optional referendum

Comments: Only in case of constitutional amendments is a referendum possible, if the President deems necessary to submit the amendment to constitutional referendum. In some cases this is obligatory.
Source: Art 175 Constitution, Rumpf – Steinbach: Das polititsche System der Türkei, In Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed. 2004, p. 871.
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:28:42 UTC

a. Constitutional

b. Specific laws/legislation

Source: Constitution Art 175, LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS (*) Date of Enactment: April 26 th 1961
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:30:32 UTC

a. Constitutional

b. Specific laws/legislation

Source: Constitution Art 175, LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:33:07 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 104 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:34:45 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:36:24 UTC

e. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is possible.
Source: Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:37:32 UTC

a. Constitutional

b. Specific laws/legislation

Source: Constitution Art 79, LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:38:40 UTC

a. Constitutional

b. Specific laws/legislation

Source: Constitution Art 79, LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:39:07 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 104 Constitution , LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:40:27 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:34:00 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:34:36 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:34:59 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:36:37 UTC

d. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:37:04 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:37:38 UTC

a. Agency/department responsible for the administration of direct democracy mechanisms

Comments: Higher Council of Elections
Source: Article 1 and ADDITIONAL ARTICLE 1 Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:46:56 UTC

g. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:47:45 UTC

g. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is permitted
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:48:29 UTC

c. Radio broadcasts

d. TV broadcasts

e. Press advertisements

g. Other(specify)

Comments: poster, public meetings
Source: Sabri Coskun former Deputy president of Higher Council of Elections
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:52:18 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:40:48 UTC

i. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:53:23 UTC

i. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:53:56 UTC

a. Compulsory registration of campaigners and campaign groups

e. Disclosure requirements

Comments: the election campaigning rules are analogous applicable
Source: Additional Article 5, Art 53 electoral Code Sabri Coskun, former Deputy president of Higher Council of Elections
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:23:23 UTC

h. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:09:53 UTC

h. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:10:12 UTC

a. Fixed time period (specify)

Comments: Electioneering activities shall commence on the morning of the tenth day in advance of the election day and terminate at 18:00 hours on the day before the date of election.
Source: Art 49 Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:11:34 UTC

c. Not applicable

Source: art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:12:08 UTC

c. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:12:39 UTC

c. All campaign organisations

Source: Art 49 et seq. electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:14:05 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:14:30 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Constitution, LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:41:19 UTC

f. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:15:03 UTC

b. Free media access

Comments: the parliamentary election campaignig rules are analogous applicable
Source: additional Art 5, 49 et seq. electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:25:02 UTC

g. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:25:30 UTC

g. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:26:07 UTC

a. equitably and impartially.

Source: Art 52 Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:29:26 UTC

a. Yes

Comments: During the campaign period, the Prime Minister and Ministers are bound by the provisions of the electoral code in their activities and speeches related to elections. This does not exclude the campaigning, however the limitations and prohibitions are to apply.
Source: Additional Art 5 Art 65 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:33:18 UTC

Comments: It is strictly forbidden to print Turkish flag and religious statements on handouts and all kinds of printed matter used forelectioneering purposes. It is strictly forbidden to use any language other than Turkish in electioneering broadcasts on radio and television, and in other electioneering.
Source: Art 58 Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:41:35 UTC

e. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is permitted
Last updated: 2005-03-22 16:42:19 UTC

a. Mandatory referendum 1982
b. Optional referendum 1982

Comments: The Constitution in force has been adopted by a referendum in 1982. the rules of parliamentary elections were to apply.
Source: Provisonal Art 4 LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:42:32 UTC

a. Mandatory referendum 1982
b. Optional referendum 1982

Comments: The Constitution in force has been adopted by a referendum in 1982. the rules of parliamentary elections were to apply.
Source: Provisonal Art 4 LAW NO: 298 LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:48:12 UTC

b. Independent electoral commission

Comments: Higher Council of Elections
Source: Art 79 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:50:46 UTC

a. Yes

Source: Art 79 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:51:24 UTC

c. No

Source: Art 175, 104 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:52:59 UTC

c. No

Source: Art 175, 104 Constitution Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit, p. 871.
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:55:51 UTC

c. No

Source: Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:56:44 UTC

c. No

Source: Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-21 17:57:47 UTC

d. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is possible
Source: Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:00:42 UTC

c. No

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:01:15 UTC

c. No

Source: Art 175 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:05:20 UTC

c. No

Source: Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:07:24 UTC

c. No

Source: Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach, HAKAN ALTINTAS - NALAN GUREL - ALI GUREL: DEVOLUTION AND DECENTRALIZATION PATTERNS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN TURKEY
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:17:56 UTC

d. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is possible.
Source: Constituiton
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:18:21 UTC

a. Constitutional amendments

Comments: Only Constitutional amnedments can be subject of a referndum. ARTICLE 175. (As amended on May 17, 1987) The constitutional amendment shall be proposed in writing by at least one-third of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Proposals to amend the Constitution shall be debated twice in the Plenary Session. The adoption of a proposal for an amendment shall require a three-fifths majority of the total number of members of the Assembly by secret ballot. The consideration and adopting of proposals for the amendment of the Constitution shall be subject to the provisions governing the consideration and adoption of legislation, with the exception of the conditions set forth in this article. The President of the Republic may refer the laws related to the Constitutional amendments for further consideration. If the Assembly adopts the draft law referred by the President by a two-thirds majority, the President may submit the law to referendum. If a law is adopted by a three-fifths or less than two-thirds majority of the total number of votes of the Assembly and is not referred by the President for further consideration, it shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall be submitted to referendum. A law on the Constitutional amendment adopted by a two- thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly directly or if referred back by the President for further consideration, or its articles as considered necessary may be submitted to a referendum by the President. Laws or related articles of the Constitutional amendment not submitted to referendum shall be published in the Official Gazette. Laws related to Constitutional amendment which are submitted to referendum, shall require the approval of more than half of the valid votes cast. The Turkish Grand National Assembly, in adopting the laws related to the Constitutional amendment, shall also decide on which provisions shall be submitted to referendum together and which shall be submitted individually.
Source: Art 175 constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:19:58 UTC

a. Constitutional amendments

Comments: Only Amandments of the Constituion can be subject of a referendum. ARTICLE 175. (As amended on May 17, 1987) The constitutional amendment shall be proposed in writing by at least one-third of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Proposals to amend the Constitution shall be debated twice in the Plenary Session. The adoption of a proposal for an amendment shall require a three-fifths majority of the total number of members of the Assembly by secret ballot. The consideration and adopting of proposals for the amendment of the Constitution shall be subject to the provisions governing the consideration and adoption of legislation, with the exception of the conditions set forth in this article. The President of the Republic may refer the laws related to the Constitutional amendments for further consideration. If the Assembly adopts the draft law referred by the President by a two-thirds majority, the President may submit the law to referendum. If a law is adopted by a three-fifths or less than two-thirds majority of the total number of votes of the Assembly and is not referred by the President for further consideration, it shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall be submitted to referendum. A law on the Constitutional amendment adopted by a two- thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly directly or if referred back by the President for further consideration, or its articles as considered necessary may be submitted to a referendum by the President. Laws or related articles of the Constitutional amendment not submitted to referendum shall be published in the Official Gazette. Laws related to Constitutional amendment which are submitted to referendum, shall require the approval of more than half of the valid votes cast. The Turkish Grand National Assembly, in adopting the laws related to the Constitutional amendment, shall also decide on which provisions shall be submitted to referendum together and which shall be submitted individually.
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:22:14 UTC

b. Adoption of international treaties

c. Transfer of authority to international bodies

d. National sovereignty, national self-determination

e. Conflict between constitutional organs

f. Devolution

g. Civil service

h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments

i. Other public policy issues

j. Other (specify)

Comments: Only Amendments of the Constitution can be subjects of a referendum.
Source: Art 175 constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:24:28 UTC

e. None

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:25:17 UTC

c. President

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:27:43 UTC

c. President

d. Legislature

Comments: Drafting of thr question is practically the constitution amending law.
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:29:52 UTC

c. President

d. Legislature

Comments: The constitutional amendment shall be proposed in writing by at least one-third of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. Proposals to amend the Constitution shall be debated twice in the Plenary Session. The adoption of a proposal for an amendment shall require a three-fifths majority of the total number of members of the Assembly by secret ballot. The consideration and adopting of proposals for the amendment of the Constitution shall be subject to the provisions governing the consideration and adoption of legislation, with the exception of the conditions set forth in this article. The President of the Republic may refer the laws related to the Constitutional amendments for further consideration. If the Assembly adopts the draft law referred by the President by a two-thirds majority, the President may submit the law to referendum. If a law is adopted by a three-fifths or less than two-thirds majority of the total number of votes of the Assembly and is not referred by the President for further consideration, it shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall be submitted to referendum. A law on the Constitutional amendment adopted by a two- thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly directly or if referred back by the President for further consideration, or its articles as considered necessary may be submitted to a referendum by the President. Laws or related articles of the Constitutional amendment not submitted to referendum shall be published in the Official Gazette. Laws related to Constitutional amendment which are submitted to referendum, shall require the approval of more than half of the valid votes cast. The Turkish Grand National Assembly, in adopting the laws related to the Constitutional amendment, shall also decide on which provisions shall be submitted to referendum together and which shall be submitted individually.
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:33:38 UTC

a. The title of the proposal

b. The numbers of the articles or paragraphs of the legal instruments to which changes are proposed

d. The full text of the proposal

Source: Art 175 Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:39:04 UTC

a. The title of the proposal

b. The numbers of the articles or paragraphs of the legal intruments to which chnages are proposed

d. The full text of the proposal

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:40:00 UTC

c. President

Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:50:07 UTC

c. President

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 18:52:49 UTC

c. No quorum required X

Comments: No quorum required, because voting is compulsory, Those who not vote can be fined.
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 19:13:59 UTC

c. No quorom required X

Source: Art 175 Constitution, Electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-21 19:16:45 UTC

a. Simple majority (>50%)

Source: Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-21 19:17:38 UTC

a. Simple majority (>50%)

Source: Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-21 19:18:25 UTC

f. Other

Comments: No difference
Source: Art 67 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-21 19:19:26 UTC

a. Always

Source: Art 175 constitution, electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 10:54:08 UTC

a. Always

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 10:57:03 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach, op. cit.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:01:36 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:01:58 UTC

a. Constitutional amendments

b. Adoption of international treaties

c. Transfer of authority

d. National sovereignty, national self-determination

e. Conflict between constitutional organs

f. Devolution

g. Civil service

h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments

i. Other public policy issues

j. Other (specify)

Source: Art 175 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbach
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:04:18 UTC

a. Constitutional amendments

b. Adoption of international treaties

c. Transfer of authority

d. National sovereignty, national self-determination

e. Conflict between constitutional organs

f. Devolution

g. Civil service

h. Taxes and public expenditure commitments

i. Other public policy issues

j. Other (specify)

Source: art 88 Constitution, Rumpf - Steinbahc, op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:05:08 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:05:49 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:06:24 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:06:56 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:08:56 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:09:51 UTC

h. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:10:57 UTC

e. None

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:12:20 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:12:59 UTC

f. Other (specify)

Comments: Not applicable
Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:17:25 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:19:05 UTC

g. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:19:34 UTC

d. Not at all

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:20:04 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:21:10 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:21:39 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:22:23 UTC

d. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:23:13 UTC

k. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is permitted.
Source: Constitution, Electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:24:08 UTC

e. None

Comments: see D.1.1.
Source: Constituion
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:24:40 UTC

Comments: no recall is permitted see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:25:14 UTC

d. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:25:41 UTC

c. Not applicable

Comments: see d.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:26:17 UTC

Comments: No recall is permitted, see d.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:27:52 UTC

c. Not applicable

Comments: see D.1.1.
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:28:44 UTC

e. Not applicable X

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:30:28 UTC

d. Other (specify) X

Comments: The president may start a rejective referendum.
Source: Art 175, 104 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 11:31:22 UTC

e. Not applicable X

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:18:35 UTC

e. Not applicable X

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:18:06 UTC

c. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:19:02 UTC

c. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:19:56 UTC

c. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Consitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:21:07 UTC

c. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:21:02 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:21:41 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:22:20 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:22:54 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:23:18 UTC

e. Not applicable X

Comments: No recall is permitted
Source:
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:24:19 UTC

c. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is pwermitted
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:24:59 UTC

g. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:25:29 UTC

g. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:25:52 UTC

g. Not applicable

Source: Art 175, 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:26:22 UTC

g. Not applicable

Source: Art 88 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:26:44 UTC

g. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is poossible
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:28:02 UTC

e. Not applicable

Comments:
Source: Art 175 Cosntitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:28:38 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:29:04 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:29:33 UTC

e. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:29:57 UTC

e. Not applicable

Comments: No recall is permitted
Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:30:37 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:31:17 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:31:46 UTC

f. Not applicable

Source: Art 175 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-22 15:33:22 UTC

a. Name of Institution Yuksek Segim Kurulu - Higher Council of Elections
b. Full Address Bayindir Sakak 3 Kizilny Ankara Turkey
c. Telephone + 90 312 434 49 00
d. Facsimile + 90 312 431 29 83
e. Email -
f. Website Address -
g. Name and Title of Chairperson/President Tufan Algan
h. Information Officer -
i. Official language of the electoral law governing national elections Turkish

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

a. National level

c. Local level

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

f. Other

Comments: It is independent, it does not report to any state organ.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

c. The legislature

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

g. Other

Comments: g) Self-controlled. The budget is provided by the National Assembly and the final expenditures are checked by the Supreme Account Court.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:15:18 GMT

b. For a term of _________ years

Comments: b) The members of the Higher Council of Elections are elected for a term of 6 years. The members of the local councils (formed by judges who represent the Higher Council of Elections in provinces and smaller election regions) are appointed for a term of 2 years.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

a. Elected (specify by whom)

Comments: The members elect a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman from amongst themselves, by absolute majority and secret ballot.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 79.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:07:49 GMT

a. estimated total: 49 000 000 USD

Comments: 49 000 000 USD
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

a. Total number: 37.506.817

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

a. USD/registered voter 1,31 USD

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2008-01-21 13:59:34 UTC

Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:14:57 GMT

d. Indirectly elected by legislature

Comments: The President of the Republic shall be elected for a term of office of seven years by the Turkish Grand National Assembly from among its own members who are over 40 years of age and who have completed their higher education or from among Turkish citizens who fulfill these requirements and are eligible to be deputies. The President of the Republic shall be elected by a two-thirds majority of the total number of members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly and by secret ballot. If the Turkish Grand National Assembly is not in session, it shall be summoned immediately to meet. The election of the President of the Republic shall begin thirty days before the term of office of the incumbent President of the Republic expires or ten days after the Presidency falls vacant, and shall be completed within thirty days of the beginning of the election. Candidates shall be declared to the Bureau of the Assembly within the first ten days of this period, and elections shall be completed within the remaining twenty days. If a two-thirds majority of the total number of members cannot be obtained in the first two ballots, between which there shall be at least a three-day interval, a third ballot shall be held and the candidate who receives the absolute majority of votes of the total number of members shall be elected President of the Republic. If an absolute majority of votes of the total number of members is not obtained in the third ballot, a fourth ballot will be held between the two candidates who receive the greatest number of votes in the third ballot; if the President of the Republic cannot be elected by an absolute majority of the total number of members in this ballot, new general elections for the Turkish Grand National Assembly shall be held immediately.
Source: Turkish Constitution, articles 101 (pargraph 1) and 102.
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:06:41 GMT

e. Appointed

Comments: Appointed by the Head of State.
Source: Turkish constitution, article 104.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 13:58:38 GMT

a. Yes

Source: Turkish Constitution, part three, chapter two, article 101 et seq.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 13:59:28 GMT

a. One chamber

Comments: The Grand National Assembly consists of 550 members.
Source: Turkish Constitution, part three, chapter one, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:14:35 GMT

g. List Proportional Representation

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:07:37 GMT

k. The national legislature consists of one chamber only

Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:10:50 GMT

a. d'Hondt Formula

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:15:53 GMT

a. National level

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:16:31 GMT

d. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:17:51 GMT

b. No

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:18:20 GMT

e. Not applicable X

Comments: Special constituencies or seats are not reserved in the Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:08:10 GMT

c. The national legislature consists of one chamber only

Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:20:04 GMT

e. Not applicable X

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:09:52 GMT

b. Specify the percentage:

Comments: 10 %.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr Ali Carkoglu: Turkish general elections of 24 December 1995 in: Electoral Studies 1/1997 p. 90
Last updated: Thu, 19 Sep 2002 18:44:19 GMT

c. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:28:13 GMT

b. Specify the percentage:

Comments: The candidates are elected from 81 multi-seat provinces Party-list proportional representation system using the d'Hondt method, with restricted options and a double barrier (at the local and national level). Accordingly, a candidate from a political party can only be elected if the party (a) is fully organized in at least half of the provinces and one- third of the districts within these provinces; (b) has nominated two candidates for each parliamentary seat in at least half of the provinces; (c) has obtained at least 10% of the valid votes cast nationwide; and (d) has received, in the constituency in question, valid votes at least equal to the applicable simple electoral quotient.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:11:03 GMT

c. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:34:37 GMT

a. At fixed intervals (specify length)

b. Elections can be called at any time (specify by whom)

c. On a fixed day of the week (specify day, specify if holiday)

Comments: a) Elections for the Turkish Grand National Assembly shall be held every five years. The Assembly may decide to hold new elections before the termination of this period, and new elections may also be decided upon according to a decision, taken in accordance with the conditions set forth in the Constitution, by the President of the Republic. A deputy whose term of office expires may be eligible for reelection. In the event of a decision to hold new elections, the powers of the Assembly shall continue until the election of a new Assembly. c)The fixed day is Sunday
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 77. Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:44:33 GMT

e. Not applicable

Comments: The parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:45:55 GMT

a. Voting takes place on one day

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:47:19 GMT

c. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:48:22 GMT

a. Part of Constitution

b. Separate legislation

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

b. January 1990- December 1999

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

a. National elections

c. Local elections

d. Referendums

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

b. Voting is compulsory and regulated in the electoral law

Comments: b) Abstention being punishable by a fine. EL:63 "Those people who abstain from casting their votes, although they are registered as voters and eligible for casting their vote, without justified excuse in parliamentary general or mid-term elections shall be punished with a fine of ten thousand Turkish liras. This provision is definitive."
Source: Parliamentary Elections Act, article 63
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

b. National elections are held on the same day as regional and local elections

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

c. Not applicable

Comments: The President is elected by the Grand National Assembly.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 102.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:54:14 GMT

c. Specially Appointed/Elected Electoral Tribunal

Comments: Elections shall be held under the general administration and supervision of the judicial organs. The Supreme Election Council shall execute all the functions to ensure the fair and orderly conduct of the elections from the beginning to the end of polling, carry out investigations and take final decisions on all irregularities, complaints, and objections concerning the elections during and after the polling, and verify the election returns of the members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. No appeal shall be made to any authority against the decisions of the Supreme Election Council. The functions and powers of the Supreme Election Council and other election councils shall be determined by law. The Supreme Election Council shall be composed of seven regular members and four substitutes. Six of the members shall be elected by the Plenary Assembly of the High Court of Appeals, and five members shall be elected by the Plenary Assembly of the Council of State from amongst its own members, by secret ballot and by an absolute majority of the total number of members. These members shall elect a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman from amongst themselves, by absolute majority and secret ballot. Amongst the members elected to the Supreme Election Council by the High Court of Appeals and by the Council of State, two members from each group shall be designated, by lot, as substitute members. The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Supreme Election Council shall not take part in this procedure. The general conduct and supervision of a referendum on legislation amending the Constitution shall be subject to the same provisions as those relating to the election of deputies.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 79. Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

c. Judiciary

Source: Turkish Constitution, article 79.
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:58:09 GMT

a. Candidates

b. Parties

c. Voters

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

a. Electoral Management Body

e. Special Electoral Tribunal

Comments: Higher Council of Elections. Elections shall be held under the general administration and supervision of the judicial organs. The Supreme Election Council shall execute all the functions to ensure the fair and orderly conduct of the elections from the beginning to the end of polling, carry out investigations and take final decisions on all irregularities, complaints, and objections concerning the elections during and after the polling, and verify the election returns of the members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. No appeal shall be made to any authority against the decisions of the Supreme Election Council. The functions and powers of the Supreme Election Council and other election councils shall be determined by law. The Supreme Election Council shall be composed of seven regular members and four substitutes. Six of the members shall be elected by the Plenary Assembly of the High Court of Appeals, and five members shall be elected by the Plenary Assembly of the Council of State from amongst its own members, by secret ballot and by an absolute majority of the total number of members. These members shall elect a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman from amongst themselves, by absolute majority and secret ballot. Amongst the members elected to the Supreme Election Council by the High Court of Appeals and by the Council of State, two members from each group shall be designated, by lot, as substitute members. The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Supreme Election Council shall not take part in this procedure. The general conduct and supervision of a referendum on legislation amending the Constitution shall be subject to the same provisions as those relating to the election of deputies.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 79. Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: 2006-11-20 13:39:50 UTC

a. Name and Title: Attila Vincze
b. Job Title: reserchear
c. Organisation: ACEEEO
d. Contact Address: Budapest, V. Alkotmány street 25. Hungary Postal Address: Budapest, P.O. BOX: 81. 1450 Hungary
e. Telephone: + 36 1 354 02 65
f. Facsimile: + 36 1 354 02 64
g. Email: [email protected]

Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:14:08 UTC

a. Publicly owned

c. Privately owned

Source: Rumpf/Steinbach Das politische System der Türkei, In. Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 874 et seq.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:17:11 UTC

a. Publicly owned

c. Privately owned

Source: Rumpf/Steinbach Das politische System der Türkei, In. Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 874 et seq.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:17:56 UTC

c. Privately owned

Source: Rumpf/Steinbach Das politische System der Türkei, In. Ismayr, Die politischen Systeme Osteuropas, 2. ed., 2004, pp. 874 et seq.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:18:30 UTC

b. A single private newspaper holds a monopoly

Comments: there are many newspapers in the hand of a single monopolisitc agency.
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach op. cit. p. 875
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:23:00 UTC

a. Over 60%

Source: Rumpf/Steinbach op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:23:36 UTC

a. Over 60%

Source: Rumpf/Steinbach op. cit.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:24:12 UTC

a. Public radio

b. Private radio

c. Public television

d. Private television

e. Print media

Comments: The political influence on media is an existent problem in Turkey, self censoring because of fear of sanctions also a problem, the influence sometimes overlaps the frontiers of a democratic society
Source: Rumpf/steinbach, op. cit.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:24:59 UTC

a. a

Comments: TURKISH LAW ON THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION Law No: 4982
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:26:24 UTC

Comments: Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:35:16 UTC

a. Over 60%

Source: Rumpf/steinbach op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:30:21 UTC

a. Over 60 %

Source: Rumpf/Steinbach, op. cit.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:31:41 UTC

a. Public radio

c. Private radio

d. Public television

f. Private television

g. Print media

Comments: Each media has an attitude of heavy self-censoring
Source: Rumpf/steinbach op. cit.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:33:23 UTC

a. Public radio

b. Private radio

c. Public television

d. Private television

e. Print media

Comments: The political influence on media is an existent problem in Turkey, self censoring because of fear of sanctions also a problem, the influence sometimes overlaps the frontiers of a democratic society
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach, op. cit.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:34:16 UTC

a. a

Comments: Art 133 Constitution Press law, Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:34:45 UTC

a. a

Comments: Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:36:24 UTC

b. Independent regulator

Comments: RADIO AND TELEVISION SUPREME COUNCIL
Source: Art 16, Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:41:59 UTC

b. Private companies

Source: Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:47:37 UTC

a. a

Comments: The license can be suspended or revoked in case for the purposes of protecting national security, public order and public safety, the basic characteristics of the Republic and safeguarding the indivisible integrity of the State with its territory and nation, preventing crime, protecting the reputation and rights and private and family life of others, or protecting professional secrets as prescribed by law, or ensuring the proper functioning of the judiciary.
Source: Rumpf/Steinbach op. cit
Last updated: 2005-03-30 13:55:32 UTC

a. Law

Source: LAW NO: 298 ..LAW ON BASIC PROVISIONS ON ELECTIONS AND VOTER REGISTERS (Electoral Code)
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:06:20 UTC

a. Statutory regulator (e.g. broadcasting licensing body)

g. EMB by law or regulations

Source: Art 49 et seq. electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:10:29 UTC

b. Requiring balance in media news coverage of an election

Source: Art 52 et seq. electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:17:00 UTC

a. Yes

Source: Art 54, 55 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:17:28 UTC

b. Administrative penalty

c. Other (specify)

Comments: ARTICLE 134 – (Amended: 2234 – 17.5.1979) Those who do not obey during the elections the decisions and measures taken by a board mentioned in the present law or by the chairman of such a board in order to ensure the proper conduct of the elections despite warning shall be punishable by prison terms from ten days to one month and by fines from 500 TL to 2,500 TL. Those who hinder the implementation of such decisions and measures in any manner whatsoever or cause such decisions and measures to be ineffective shall be punishable by terms of prison from one month to six months and by fines from 1,000 TL to 5,000 TL. If the offences mentioned above are committed by people in charge, the offenders shall be punishable by prison terms from three months to six months for the cases described in the first paragraph above and from six months to one year for the cases described in the second paragraph above, if such offences do not constitute more serious offences according to the Turkish Penal Code. The offenders shall also be punishable by a corresponding ban from public services.
Source: Art 134 Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:18:14 UTC

a. Yes

Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:18:51 UTC

a. Criminal prosecution

b. Administrative sanction

Source: Art 155, 158, 159 Penal Code, Art 134 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:19:28 UTC

a. Yes

Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:23:37 UTC

b. Usually respected

Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:24:30 UTC

a. EMB

Source: Art 54, 55 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:24:57 UTC

a. Publicly owned

Source: art 52 et seq. Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:25:35 UTC

a. Publicly owned

Source: art 52 et seq. Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:26:36 UTC

e. None

Source: art 52 et seq. Electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:27:27 UTC

d. Based on mixture of principles (specify)

Comments: Political parties which take part in the election may conduct electioneering activities on radio and television after the 7 th day in advance of the election day until 18:00 hours on the day before the election day, provided that the provisions in private laws are reserved. (Amended Paragraph 2: 3377 - 23.5.1987) Political parties shall be given the following electioneering rights: a) two speeches not more than 10 minutes on the first 10 days and the last day to explain their programs and projects, b) an additional 10 minute for political parties having a group in the Grand National Assembly, c) (Amended: 4125 - 27.10.1995) an additional electioneering time of 20 minutes for the party having the political power or the larger one of the parties sharing the power and additional 15 minutes for other parties holding the power, d) (abolished under the Decree of the Constitutional Court No. E.1987/3, K.1987/13 dated 22.5.1987.) Political parties may also conduct visualised electioneering activities provided that the time used for such activities does not exceed half of electioneering times. Visualised electioneering shall be prepared by producers other than TRT (Turkish Radio & Television Institution). Visualised electioneering is for explaining the activities which have been and will be performed by political parties. Such electioneering shall not include any image to constitute an offence. Such electioneering of political parties shall not be less than two minutes at a time nor shall its total time within a day be more than ten minutes. Political parties may exercise their visualised electioneering rights in more than one channel of TRT. The Supreme Board of Elections shall determine the period of time in which the images shall be delivered to TRT and the times of broadcast of such electioneering by TRT depending on the availability of TRT. If such images contain a matter constituting an offence, the Supreme Board of Elections shall not allow the images be broadcast. Political parties shall, in their first speeches through the radio and television make their election declarations. Speeches shall be broadcast simultaneously through all radio and television stations in Turkey. The day and time of electioneering speeches through radio and television and the parties to deliver speech shall be announced in advance through news programs by Turkish Radio and Television. (Amended Paragraph 6: 2839 - 10.6.1983) The Supreme Board of Elections and Turkish Radio and Television shall provide that electioneering through radio and television shall be made equitably and impartially. (Amended Paragraph 7: 3270 - 28.3.1986) In speeches to be delivered through television on behalf of political parties participating in the election (except as stated in subparagraph (d) of Article 2) as set forth above, no image shall be broadcast except the Turkish flag, the emblem of the political party posted in such size as shall be determined by the Supreme Board of Elections and the spokesman who shall be obliged to wear a jacket and necktie if male, or a tailleur if female.(*) (Last paragraph amended: 3377 - 23.5.1967) (abolished by Article 2 of Law no. 3403 on September 10 th 1987.) (Annexed paragraph: 4125 - 27.10.1995) Propaganda speeches of political parties in private radios and televisions shall be made according to principles and procedures applied in TRT.
Source: Art 52 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:29:14 UTC

a. Amount (Euros) 0

Comments: There are no paid advertisements
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:31:32 UTC

e. None

Source: art 52 et seq. electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:42:18 UTC

e. None

Source: art 52 et seq. electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:42:57 UTC

e. None

Source: art 52 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:51:41 UTC

h. Not applicable

Source: art 52 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:52:06 UTC

e. None

Comments: There are no paid advertisments
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:53:25 UTC

e. None

Comments: There are no paid advertisments
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:56:03 UTC

e. None

Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 14:57:07 UTC

i. Not applicable

Comments: there are no paid advertisements
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:02:16 UTC

e. None

Comments: The president is elected by the members of the Grand National Assembly.
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:08:56 UTC

e. None

Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:09:44 UTC

e. None

Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:10:02 UTC

h. Not applicable

Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:10:21 UTC

e. None

Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:10:36 UTC

e. None

Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:10:51 UTC

e. None

Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:11:07 UTC

i. Not applicable

Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:11:28 UTC

a. ... (euros) 0

Comments: President is elected by the members of Turkish Grand national Assembly.
Source: Art 102 Constitution
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:12:13 UTC

a. .......

Comments: there are no paid advertisements
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:13:18 UTC

Comments: there are no paid advertisements
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:13:52 UTC

b. None X

Comments: there are no paid advertisements
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:21:25 UTC

b. Yes, in legislative elections

Comments: President is elected by the members of Turkish Grand National Assembly
Source: Art 102 Constitution OSCE/ODIHR Assessment Report Parliamentary Elections, 3 November 2002 Republic of Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:27:24 UTC

Comments: The electoral code does not specifing the requirements of debates, however the principle of equality and impartiality is porescribed
Source: Art 52 et seq. electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:29:06 UTC

g. None

Comments: Neither the electoral code nor Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994 prescribes
Source: Electoral code, Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:42:42 UTC

d. 6-7 days

Comments: Within seven days before the voting date, no broadcasts for or against a specific political party or candidate nor any broadcasts that may influence the citizen’s vote through any kind of programmes such as news and interviews or through advertising or public opinion surveys, questionnaires, forecasts, and via information communication telephone lines under labels such as mini-referendums shall be allowed. Those not complying with these restrictions are deemed to have violated the broadcasting standards.
Source: Art 32 Law on the Establishment of Radio and Television Enterprises and Their Broadcasts Law No. 3984 of 20 April 1994
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:43:57 UTC

c. Not permitted

Comments: Not permitted
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:45:22 UTC

e. Not applicable

Comments: not permitted
Source: ACEEEO questionnaire on Media and Elections, Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:46:17 UTC

b. After all polls close, before official results are available

Comments: Radios and all broadcasting organisations shall be prohibited from providing news or elections and from making estimations and commenting on the results of election until 18 hours on the day of voting. Between 18:00 and 21:00 hours, only radios can broadcast news and declarations supplied by the Supreme Board of Elections. All broadcasting shall be free after 21:00 hours.
Source: Art 80 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:53:35 UTC

a. Yes

Comments: Radios and all broadcasting organisations shall be prohibited from providing news or elections and from making estimations and commenting on the results of election until 18 hours on the day of voting. Between 18:00 and 21:00 hours, only radios can broadcast news and declarations supplied by the Supreme Board of Elections. All broadcasting shall be free after 21:00 hours.
Source: article 80 electoral code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 15:55:28 UTC

e. Other (specify)

Comments: N.A.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:08:00 UTC

b. No

Comments: N.A.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:44:00 UTC

a. Media packs/press kits

b. Press releases

d. Pre-recorded radio or TV slots

e. Web site

g. Other (specify)

Comments: posters, bilboards
Source: Sabri Coskun, former deputy Head of Higher Council of elections
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:20:05 UTC

b. No

Comments: N.A.
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:33:30 UTC

a. Publicly owned

Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:34:51 UTC

a. Publicly owned

Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:35:14 UTC

e. None

Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:36:27 UTC

e. None

Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:37:29 UTC

e. None

Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:37:44 UTC

e. None

Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:38:03 UTC

d. It monitors the media coverage of its own activities.

f. Other

Comments: It is obligatory to broadcast the messages via the broadcasters
Source: Additional Article 1 electoral Code
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:39:23 UTC

d. Other

Comments: The EMB is quite effective
Source: OSCE/ODIHR Assessment Report Parliamentary Elections, 3 November 2002 Republic of Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:40:20 UTC

b. Quite effective

Source: OSCE/ODIHR Assessment Report Parliamentary Elections, 3 November 2002 Republic of Turkey
Last updated: 2005-03-30 16:40:53 UTC

c. Regional distribution requirement

e. Minimum number of candidates

Comments: There are 81 provinces in Turkey. The party has to (a) be fully organized in at least half of the provinces and one- third of the districts within these provinces; (b) nominate two candidates for each parliamentary seat in at least half of the provinces.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:29:40 GMT

g. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:45:05 GMT

a. Age

b. Citizenship

h. Minimum level of education

j. Other

Comments: a) 30 years old. h) Minimum level is primary education. j) Completion of compulsory military service (for men).
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 76.
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:30:36 GMT

k. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:47:39 GMT

a. Age

b. Citizenship

h. Minimum level of education

j. Other

Comments: The President of the Republic shall be elected for a term of office of seven years by the Turkish Grand National Assembly from among its own members who are over 40 years of age and who have completed their higher education or from among Turkish citizens who fulfill these requirements and are eligible to be deputies. The nomination of a candidate for the Presidency of the Republic from outside the Turkish Grand National Assembly shall require a written proposal by at least one-fifth of the total number of members of the Assembly. The President of the Republic cannot be elected for a second time. The President-elect, if a member of a party, shall sever his relations with his party and his status as a member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly shall cease.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 101.
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:48:41 GMT

a. Current criminal incarceration

c. Criminal record

f. Holding of military office

g. Holding of government office

h. Bankruptcy or Insolvency

k. Mental health problems

n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)

o. Other

Comments: Persons who have not completed their primary education, who have been deprived of legal capacity, who have failed to perform compulsory military service, who are banned from public service, who have been sentenced to a prison term totaling one year or more excluding involuntary offences, or to a heavy imprisonment; those who have been convicted for dishonorable offences such as embezzelment, corruption, bribery, theft, fraud, forgery, breach of trust, fraudulent bankruptcy; and persons convicted of smuggling, conspiracy in official bidding tender, or purchases, of offences related to the disclosure of State secrets, of involvement in ideological and anarchistic activities, and incitement and encouragement of such activities, shall not be elected deputies, even if they have been pardoned. Judges and prosecutors, members of the higher judicial organs, members of the teaching staff at institutions of higher education, members of the Higher Education Council, employees of public institutions and agencies who have the status of civil servants, other public employees not regarded as labourers on account of the duties they perform, and members of the Armed Forces shall not stand for election or be eligible to be a deputy unless they resign from office.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 76.
Last updated: Thu, 19 Sep 2002 18:51:53 GMT

a. Current criminal incarceration

c. Criminal record

f. Holding of military office

g. Holding of government office

h. Bankruptcy or insolvency

k. Mental health problems

n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)

p. Other

Comments: The president is elected among the deputies. Those can be candidates for presidency who fulfill the requirements of being a deputy in the Parliament. Persons who have not completed their primary education, who have been deprived of legal capacity, who have failed to perform compulsory military service, who are banned from public service, who have been sentenced to a prison term totaling one year or more excluding involuntary offences, or to a heavy imprisonment; those who have been convicted for dishonorable offences such as embezzelment, corruption, bribery, theft, fraud, forgery, breach of trust, fraudulent bankruptcy; and persons convicted of smuggling, conspiracy in official bidding tender, or purchases, of offences related to the disclosure of State secrets, of involvement in ideological and anarchistic activities, and incitement and encouragement of such activities, shall not be elected deputies, even if they have been pardoned. Judges and prosecutors, members of the higher judicial organs, members of the teaching staff at institutions of higher education, members of the Higher Education Council, employees of public institutions and agencies who have the status of civil servants, other public employees not regarded as labourers on account of the duties they perform, and members of the Armed Forces shall not stand for election or be eligible to be a deputy unless they resign from office.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 101.
Last updated: Thu, 19 Sep 2002 18:50:12 GMT

e. In both presidential and legislative elections

Comments: The president is elected among the deputies of the Parliament, it is legally possible for independent candidates to run in Parliamentary elections. The president can be elected among the independent candidates.
Source: Turkish Constitution article 76 and 101. Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:56:24 GMT

b. Deposit requirement (specify)

Comments: Non-reimbursable monetary deposit equivalent to US$ 30.000.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:57:57 GMT

e. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:00:01 GMT

d. Other

Comments: The candidates have to be deputies in the Parliament.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 101.
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:02:09 GMT

b. Direct

c. Indirect

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:04:09 GMT

c. As related to the election period and between elections

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:04:54 GMT

b. Tax credits

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:05:34 GMT

b. Based on result of previous election

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:06:06 GMT

a. General party administration

b. Election campaign activities

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:06:46 GMT

a. Yes

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:07:17 GMT

c. As related to the election period and between elections

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:07:53 GMT

a. Public disclosure of party contributions received

b. Public disclosure of party expenditure

h. Publication or public access to contribution and / or expenditure reports

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:08:27 GMT

j. Not applicable

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:09:09 GMT

d. Other

Comments: Constitutional Court.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:10:06 GMT

a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)

f. Same ballot papers used nationwide

i. Party symbols in black and white

n. Random listing (lottery)

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:11:02 GMT

s. Not applicable

Comments: The Parliament is unicameral.
Source: Turkish Constitution, article 75.
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:14:31 GMT

c. Write-in ballot

Comments: The President is elected by the Parliament.
Source: Turkish Constitution articles 101 et seq. Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:15:59 GMT

a. At the polling stations

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:16:39 GMT

a. Separate ballots for different elections

b. Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box

d. Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters

e. Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused)

f. Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud

l. Counted by hand

p. Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count

r. Observers and party agents are permitted to take their own copies of the results

s. Copies of results are provided to party agents

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:17:16 GMT

a. Polling centre (several polling stations in same building)

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:18:08 GMT

d. National level

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:19:55 GMT

b. By telephone

c. By fax

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:20:35 GMT

i. Not applicable

Comments: Polling results are not physically transported.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:58:10 GMT

k. Not applicable

Comments: Polling results are not physically transported.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:58:47 GMT

d. By request

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:24:30 GMT

e. Not applicable

Comments: Ballots are not automatically recounted.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:59:40 GMT

a. Political parties

b. An individual candidate

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:25:46 GMT

a. National Election Management body

c. Local Election Management body

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:26:23 GMT

a. Yes

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:26:55 GMT

a. hours: 24 hours

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 09:28:52 GMT

a. Yes

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 11:14:46 GMT

b. days:

Comments: There is no legal criterion, the Higher Council of Elections declare the results as soon as possible
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 11:15:37 GMT

a. National Electoral Management Body

c. Local/County Electoral Management Bodies

h. Political parties/ candidates

i. Media

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:24:24 GMT

b. Election time only

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:25:04 GMT

a. No

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:25:45 GMT

a. Poster/ Billboard campaigns

b. Media advertisement

c. Simulation exercises

d. Music and theater

e. Public meetings

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:56:48 GMT

i. Not applicable

Comments: There are no civic education activities.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:23:52 GMT

h. Not applicable

Comments: No special voter education programs were developed.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 15:59:20 GMT

a. 91-100%

Comments: 100 %
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:20:21 GMT

a. Yes

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:20:50 GMT

a. At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:21:24 GMT

b. Citizens residing outside the country

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:21:57 GMT

c. Special polling stations

Comments: Polling station located at customs gates.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:22:46 GMT

b. Yes

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:23:15 GMT

a. At special advance polling centers

Comments: At customs gates.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:24:02 GMT

f. Other

Comments: Citizens who will be outside the country.
Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:25:25 GMT

a. Yes

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:27:09 GMT

a. Yes, the maximum capacity is: 300

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:27:53 GMT

a. By manually marking the ballot

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:28:31 GMT

a. The smallest polling station: 7
b. The largest polling station: 7

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:29:39 GMT

a. hours: 12 hours

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:41:48 GMT

c. 18

Source: Turkish Constitution, article 67.
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 07:59:56 GMT

a. Citizenship

Source: Turkish Constitution, article 67. Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:02:40 GMT

a. Criminal Incarceration

d. Mental disability

e. Military Service

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Mon, 09 Sep 2002 14:27:26 GMT

d. Election Management Body (specify)

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:04:02 GMT

b. Voters register

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:04:30 GMT

c. Periodically (or before each election)

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:05:03 GMT

e. Appearance by voter at registration office

f. Door-to-door registration campaign

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:05:36 GMT

b. No

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:06:19 GMT

a. Percentage: 100%

Source: Sabri Coskun, former Deputy President, Higher Council of Elections, arikan(a)hacettepe.edu.tr
Last updated: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:07:23 GMT