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total countries/territories: 222
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| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
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Afghanistan
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
The EMB commissioners are selected by the President with the endorsement of the House of People.
Source:
Strategic Plan of the Independent Electoral Commission of Afghanistan (2011-2016), pag. 13: http://www.iec.org.af/pdf/plan/updated_iec_five_year_strategic_plan_05_june_2012_eng.pdf (2014).
Afghan Constitution, Ch.11 art. 156
http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf
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2019/09/24
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Albania
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e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
The electoral Code, Art. 14: The Assembly of Albania elects the CEC members in accordance with the following procedure:
a) 2 members are proposed by the party that has the largest number of seats among the parties of the parliamentary majority and 2 members by the party of the parliamentary opposition which has the largest number of seats in the Assembly of Albania;
b) the proposing subjects, during the selection phase, present no fewer than two candidacies for each vacancy. The chairs of the parliamentary groups of the proposing subjects select, collegially, 4 candidacies in accordance with the criteria provided for in
letter “a” of this point. The proposing subjects of letter “a” select one candidacy of each gender;
c) candidacies selected in accordance with letter “b” of this point are submitted to the Assembly for approval;
ç) the fifth member of the CEC is elected from among the candidacies proposed by groupings of deputies of parliamentary majority parties other than the largest party of the majority grouping. The sixth member of the CEC is elected from among the
candidacies proposed by groupings of deputies of the parliamentary opposition parties, with the exception of the largest party of the opposition. The proposing grouping presents a list with no fewer than two candidacies for the respective vacancy. The list of candidates that has accumulated the highest number of supporting
signatures from deputies of the respective parliamentary groups of the parliamentary majority and opposition, including also the deputies of the two largest parties from each grouping, is presented to the Assembly for a vote. If two or more lists have
accumulated the same number of supporting signatures, all the candidacies included in these lists are presented for a vote.
Source:
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015, Art.15.
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2017/05/17
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Algeria
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a. Head of State
i. Other
|
The national election management authority is composed of public servants of the Ministry of Interior selected by the president.
Source:
EU EOM Final Report on the Algerian Legislative Elections of 12 May 2012, p. 12-14: http://www.eueom.eu/files/pressreleases/english/rapport_final_05_08_2012_FR.pdf (2013);
NDI Final Report on Algeria's Legislative Elections of 10 May 2012, p. 16-18: http://www.ndi.org/files/Algeria-Report-Leg-Elections-ENG.pdf (2013);
Official Website of the Ministry of Interior: http://www.interieur.gov.dz/Dynamics/frmItem.aspx?html=10&s=24 (2013);
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 168-187: http://www.parliament.am/library/norelectoral%20law/aljir.pdf (2017)
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2019/09/25
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American Samoa
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c. Executive
e. Legislature
|
The election office is headed by the Chief Election Officer, who shall be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Legislature.
Source:
American Samoa Code Annotated, Title 6, Ch.1 (6.0103.1)
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2017/08/18
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Andorra
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e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
Source:
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum", art. 27 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/view
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2023/06/09
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Angola
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e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
The president of the National Electoral Commission is chosen by the Superior Council of the Judiciary. The remaining 16 members are appointed by the National Assembly by an absolute majority of votes, on proposal of political parties and coalitions with represented in the National Assembly, according to the principles of respect for majority and minority members of parliament.
Source:
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 143: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc46fa0b3-c947-4440-ae92-5f1a3a275d8a%7D.pdf (2017);
Law n.º 12/12 of 13 April 2012 regulating the organisation and functioning of the National Electoral Commission, art. 7: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc749c249-1c14-43bb-a49d-db985d718de6%7D.pdf (2017)
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2017/03/28
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Anguilla
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a. Head of State
|
Supervisior of Elections is appointed by the Governor
Source:
Elections Act, art. 6
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2015/02/24
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Antigua and Barbuda
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
EMB members are appointed by the governor general with the advice of the prime minister and the leader of opposition
Source:
Representation of the People Act, art 3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/antigua-and-barbuda-amendment-to-the-1/view
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2014/06/05
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Argentina
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c. Executive
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 114: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019);
Decree-Law 1285/58: “Decreto-Ley 1285/58 — sobre la organización de la Justicia Nacional” art. 5: http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/35000-39999/37915/texact.htm
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2021/12/26
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Armenia
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e. Legislature
|
The chairperson and members of the Central Electoral Commission shall be elected as
prescribed by the Law of the Republic of Armenia “Rules of Procedure of the National
Assembly”.
Elections shall be held:
(1) no earlier than 3 months and no later than 1 day before termination of powers of the
chairperson or member of the Central Electoral Commission. In this case, newlyelected
chairperson or member of the Central Electoral Commission shall assume his
or her powers on the day of termination of powers of the chairperson or member of
the Central Electoral Commission, respectively;
(2) within a 3-month period after the relevant position remains vacant, in case of early
termination or termination of powers of the chairperson or member of the Central
Electoral Commission.
Source:
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016, art. 42 (5):
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e
|
2015/12/01
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Aruba
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j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
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2017/07/07
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Australia
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c. Executive
f. Judiciary
|
The Chairperson and the non‑judicial appointee shall be appointed by the Governor‑General and shall hold office on a part‑time basis. The person appointed as Chairperson shall be a person whose name is included in a list of the names of 3 eligible Judges submitted to the Governor‑General by the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia.
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019) Section 6 (3),(4): https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
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2024/09/09
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Austria
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j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
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2012/05/29
|
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Azerbaijan
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e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
Six members of the Central Election Commission shall be nominated by and represent the political party of which the deputies constitute the majority in the Milli Majlis; six members of the Central Election Commission shall be nominated by and represent the nonpartisan (independent) deputies; and six members shall be nominated by and represent the political parties of which the deputies constitute the minority in the Milli Majlis. The independent deputies shall, as a rule, be represented in the Central Election Commission by independent lawyers, nominated by them, who are not in state service. Nomination of 2 candidates shall be agreed upon by the interested parties: the political party constituting majority in the Milli Majlis shall agree on one nominee, and representatives of the political parties constituting minority in the Milli Majlis shall agree on the other nominee.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 24.3: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
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2024/11/12
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Bahamas
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a. Head of State
i. Other
|
The Parliamentary Commissioner is appointed by the Governor-General acting in accordance with the advice of the Public Service Commission
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 12
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BS/bahamas-parliamentary-elections-act-2012/view (2017)
|
2017/03/27
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Bahrain
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c. Executive
|
The members of the Supreme Committee are appointed by the Minister of Justice and Islamic Affairs.
Source:
Decree No. 14 of 2002 on Exercising Political Rights, art. 18: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-law-by-decree-on-exercising-political/view
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2024/11/25
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Bangladesh
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a. Head of State
|
The President appoints a Commissioner and staff members.
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2012/05/30
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Barbados
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b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
The prime minister and opposition choose the EMB members.
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
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2012/01/31
|
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Belarus
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a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
Six members of the Central Commission are appointed by the President of the Republic of Belarus and six members are elected by the Council of the Republic. Candidates to the members of the Central Commission are recommended respectively to the President of the Republic of Belarus and to the Council of the Republic by joint decisions of the presidiums of regional, Minsk City Councils of Deputies and regional, Minsk City executive committees.
Source:
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 32: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
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Belgium
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j. Not Applicable
|
The members of the Directorate for Elections are civil servant of the Ministry of Interior.
Source:
Official Website of the Ministry of Interior, Directorate for Elections:
http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/index.php?id=33&L=0 (2012)
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2019/04/25
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Belize
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
The EMB members are appointed by the Governor General with the advice of the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition.
Source:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Section 88: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/
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2025/03/24
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Benin
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a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
h. Civil society
|
1 member is nominated by the President of the Republic, 9 members are nominated by the National Assembly, taking into account its political configuration and 1 member is nominated by and from civil society organisations with at least five years of engagement in the field of governance and democracy.
Source:
Law n ° 2010-33 of 7 January 2011 setting general rules for the elections in the Republic of Benin, art. 13 (2): http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-electorale-generale-pour-2011.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
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Bermuda
|
a. Head of State
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 6
|
2012/02/24
|
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Bhutan
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a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
c. Executive
d. Opposition
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
The Druk Gyalpo shall, by warrant under His hand and seal, appoint the Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners from a list of names recommended jointly by the Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of Bhutan, the Speaker, the Chairperson of the National Council and the Leader of the Opposition Party.
Source:
Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008, Chapter 3, Article 22: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
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2024/08/27
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Bolivia
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
The President shall designate one member of the Supreme Electoral Court; and, the Plurinational Legislative Assembly shall elect six members by 2/3 majority.
Source:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 206 (III): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
EMB Law; "Ley del Órgano Electoral Plurinacional — Ley 018-2010", art. 13 (1 & 2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-018-2010-organo-electoral-plurinacional-vigente/ (2019).
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2024/12/09
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
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c. Executive
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
Commission for Selection and Nomination shall have seven members out of whom two shall be appointed by the President of the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council from amongst members of the Council, three members shall be appointed by the Administrative Commission from amongst members of the Commission from the House of Representatives of Parliamentary Assembly of BiH and two shall be appointed by the President of the Central Election Commission of BiH from amongst members of the Central Election Commission of Bosnian Herzegovina.
Source:
Electoral Law: Election law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, art. 2.5 (3)
http://izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version_2018.pdf
|
2025/06/23
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Botswana
|
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
|
There shall be an Independent Electoral Commission which shall consist of a Chairman who shall be a judge of the High Court appointed by the Judicial Service Commission, a legal practitioner appointed by the Judicial Service Commission and five other persons who are fit, proper and impartial, appointed by the Judicial Service Commission from a list of persons recommended by the All Party Conference (a meeting of all registered political parties convened from time to time by the Minister).
Source:
Constitution of Botswana, art. 65A (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
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2014/10/27
|
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Brazil
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
f. Judiciary
|
The members of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal are selected by the President and the Judiciary.
Article 119:
The Superior Electoral Court shall be composed of at least seven members, chosen:
I – by election, through secret ballot:
a) three judges from among the ministers of the Federal Supreme Court;
b) two judges from among the ministers of the Superior Court of Justice;
II – by appointment of the President of the Republic, two judges from among six lawyers of notable legal knowledge and moral integrity, indicated by the Federal Supreme Court.
Sole Paragraph. The Superior Electoral Court shall elect its president and vice president from among the ministers of the Federal Supreme Court, and the electoral Corregidor from among the ministers of the Superior Court of Justice.
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 119:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 16:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
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2024/10/23
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Brunei Darussalam
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j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 23: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013);
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html
|
2013/03/18
|
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Bulgaria
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
The President, Vice-Presidents and Secretary of the Central Election Commission is elected by the National Assembly on a proposal under Art. 47, para. 2, item 1. Remaining members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President on a proposal under Art. 47, para. 2 pt. 2.
parliamentary parties and coalitions that have selected their candidate lists MEPs but are not represented in parliament, can make a proposal to the President of the Republic the appointment of other members of the committee in accordance with the requirement of Article . 46, para. 8.
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Code, art. Art. 47(2.2)
http://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=82965 (2014)
|
2014/10/03
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
c. Executive
d. Opposition
h. Civil society
|
5 members are selected by the political party that has the majority in the National Assembly, 5 members are selected by the opposition parties and 5 members represent civil society organisations (3 members represent religious communities, 1 traditional authorities and the remaining 1 member represents human rights associations).
Source:
Electoral Code as amended in 2015, art. 5: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
|
The President.
Source:
The Union Election Commission Law, art. 3: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Union%20Election%20Commission%20Law.pdf (2013);
Constitution of Myanmar, art. 398 (a): http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
e. Legislature
|
Its members are appointed by decree after having been previously approved separately by the National Assembly and by the Senate, in an absolute majority.
Source:
Decree No. 100/76 of 12 March 2012 regulating the organization and functioning of the Independent National Electoral Commission, art. 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BI/burundi-decree-no-100-76-of-12-march-2012-on-the/view ;
Constitution, art. 90: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
a. Head of State
c. Executive
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
Based on the membership selected above, the Permanent Committee of the National Assembly shall prepare a list of members of the National Election Committee and submit it to the National Assembly to vote in confidence based on the absolute majority of the total number of the members of the National Assembly.
The Chairperson, vice-chairperson and members of the National Election Committee shall be appointed by the Royal Decree at least 06 (six) months after the new National Assembly starts.
Source:
Law on the Organization and Functioning of the National Election Committee, art. 6: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-NEC-Law_Eng-337982827.pdf
|
2018/08/15
|
|
Cameroon
|
a. Head of State
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
|
The President, Vice-President and members of the Electoral Council are appointed by Presidential Decree after consultation with the civil society and political parties represented in the National Assembly. The Director General and the Deputy Director General for Elections are appointed by Presidential Decree, after consultation with the Electoral Council.
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter I section 12 (3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/05
|
|
Canada
|
e. Legislature
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_inlay_final.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
e. Legislature
|
The members of the National Electoral Commission are elected by the National Assembly with a 2/3 majority of the deputies that are present.
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 12 (1): http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016);
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 181 (1-d): http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
a. Head of State
|
The Supervisor and Deputy Supervisors of Elections are appointed by the Governor of the Cayman Islands from among senior officers in the public service.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”, Section 3 & 4: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
The main body of 30 members is constituted from listed entities whose representation is determined by a decree. The activities of the National Coordination are directed by a chairperson, the 31st member, who is an impartial Central African. This chairperson is elected by the National Coordination from a joint nomination list supplied by the Speaker of the National Assembly and the Prime Minister containing two candidates from each of them.
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 12: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016);
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
d. Opposition
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
|
The members of the Independent national Electoral Commission are selected by the political parties and the civil society.
Source:
Law No. 020/PR/2010 establishing a National Independent Electoral Commission amended by Law No. 022/PR/2010, art. 4 (1) : http://www.iss.co.za/uploads/CHADCENI.PDF (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
|
The President, in accordance with the Senate, selects the members of the Directive Council of the Electoral Service.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Sistema de Inscripciones Electorales y Servicio Electoral (2016)”, art. 62: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-el-sistema-de-inscripciones/
|
2025/03/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
c. Executive
f. Judiciary
|
6. (3) The Chairperson and the non-judicial appointee shall be appointed by the Governor-General and shall hold office on a part-time basis.
(4) The person appointed as Chairperson shall be a person whose name is included in a list of the names of 3 eligible Judges submitted to the Governor-General for the purposes of this section by the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia.
Source:
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, section 6: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2019/07/08
|
|
Colombia
|
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
The members of the National Electoral Council are selected by the plenary of the Congress of the Republic and the National Registrar of the Civil Status is selected by the Judiciary.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 264, 266: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016).
|
2024/12/12
|
|
Comoros
|
a. Head of State
f. Judiciary
h. Civil society
|
The Island Governors, the President of the Superior Judicial Council, the conference of the Presidents of the National Assembly.
Source:
Law No 10-018/AU Amending certain provisions of the Electoral Act No. 07-001/AU of 14 January 2007, art. 45
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
;IDEA, Annex A: World Survey: Electoral Management Bodies in 214 countries and Territories, http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf, P.308-309.
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
i. Other
|
The Council of Ministers.
Source:
Electoral Law of 24 November 2001, Art. 24: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
a. Head of State
d. Opposition
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
Four of the commissioners are selected by the political party that has parliamentary majority and three commissioners are selected by the opposition. The appointment of the commissioners is endorsed by the National Assembly and is ratified by Presidential Ordinance.
Source:
Law No. 10/013 of 28 July 2010 on the organisation, duties and functions of the Independent Electoral Commission, Art. 10, 12: http://www.digitalcongo.net/article/68860 (2012);
Official Website of the Independent National Electoral Commission:
http://www.ceni.gouv.cd/info.aspx?id_rubrique=11&id_page=23 (2012)
|
2016/11/29
|
|
Cook Islands
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, Art. 4, 4(2), 5(1), 5(5)
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Costa Rica
|
f. Judiciary
|
The EMB members are selected by the Supreme Court of Justice.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 13: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Head of State
d. Opposition
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
|
Constitution: Article 118(2): The President of the Supreme Court (which is also the Chairperson of the Commission) of the Republic of Croatia shall be appointed and relieved from duty by the Croatian Parliament at the proposal of the President of the Republic, with a prior opinion of the general session of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia and of the authorized committee of the Croatian Parliament.
Act on the State Electoral Commission: Article 5: Two Chairpersons are elected by the general session of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia from among the ranks of the judges of that court, on the proposal of the President of the Supreme Court.
Article 7: The Vice-Chairpersons who are not from the ranks of judges and other members of the Commission are elected by a majority vote of all representatives of the Croatian Parliament for a term of eight years. One Vice-Chairperson who is not from the ranks of judges and two members are proposed for election by the majority political party or coalition, and the other Vice-Chairperson and two members are proposed for election by the opposition political parties or coalitions, in accordance with the party structure of the Croatian Parliament at the time of the election.
Source:
Act on the State Electoral Commission of the Republic of Croatia (2007) (with the Act of Amendments to the Act on the State Electoral Commission of the Republic of Croatia), art. 4-5 & 7.
http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/2264/file/Croatia_Act_State_Electoral_Commission_2006.pdf
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/2265/file/Croatia_Amendments_Central_Electoral_Comm_2007.pdf (amended)
|
2020/07/06
|
|
Cuba
|
e. Legislature
|
The President, Vice-president and Secretary of the National Electoral Council are nominated by the President of the Republic and elected by the National Assembly of People’s Power; the other members are nominated by the President of the National Electoral Council once appointed.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 213: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art. 36(2), 227, 228: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/ ;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=oEAx0qfKMaw
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
c. Executive
|
See above--the Minister of the Interior Selects who shall oversee elections. Ministry of Interior is a Government entity.
Source:
Official website of the Central Electoral Service:
http://moi.gov.cy (2016).
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
j. Not Applicable
k. No information available
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
Article 12: The Central Election Board
(1) Each Political Party and/or each coalition that submits for registration a list of its candidates for the elections to the Chamber of Delegates shall have the right to be represented on the Central Election Board. Up to two party/coalition representatives and two stand-ins may be proposed to the Minister of the Interior no later than sixty days prior to the first election day to the Chamber of Delegates.
(2) If the delegated representatives (Paragraph 1 of this Article) meet the requirements stipulated by the provisions of the above Article 8, Paragraph 1 herein, the Minister of the Interior shall appoint them members of the Central Election Board, and shall grant them a membership card.
Article 7: 1) The State Electoral Commission shall be a permanent body in the field of elections to regional councils. (2) The Chairman of the State Electoral Commission shall be the Minister of the Interior. (3) Other members and alternates of the State Electoral Commission are appointed and removed by the Government on a proposal by the Minister of the Interior. The State Electoral Commission consists of employees of the Ministry of the Interior, the Czech Statistical Office, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and the Office of the President of the Republic. The Minister of Finance, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Justice, the Minister of Defense, the Minister of Health, the Minister of Labor and Social Affairs, the Chairman of the Czech Statistical Office and the Head of the Office of the President of the Republic shall submit a proposal for the appointment and dismissal of the members and alternates of the State Electoral Commission of the Minister of the Interior. (4) For the purposes of organizational and technical provision of the activities of the State Electoral Commission, the Minister of the Interior shall establish a secretariat composed of employees of the Ministry of the Interior
Source:
Electoral Law: ZÁKON o volbách do zastupitelstev krajů a o změně některých zákonů, art. 7, 12
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-act-no.-247-on-elections-to-the/view (2017)
Act No. 130/2000 Coll., On Elections to Regional Councils and on Amendments to Certain Acts, as amended. Art. 6-7 http://www.nssoud.cz/zakony/130_2000.pdf
|
2023/09/14
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
c. Executive
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
|
Source:
Law no. 2004-642 of Dec.14, 2004, amending law no. 2001-634 of Oct. 9, 2001, on the composition, organization, powers, and functioning of the Independent Electoral Commission, art. 5: http://cndj.ci/CEI.htm (2012)
|
2016/12/01
|
|
Denmark
|
c. Executive
|
17.-(1) The Minister for Economic Affairs and the Interior shall set up an Election Board to decide on-
(i) inclusion in the electoral register according to section 16(2);
(ii) approval of forms for voters’ declarations for new parties requesting to participate in general elections, cf. section 12(2) and (3), and section 13(3), or European parliamentary elections, cf. section 11(2) and (3), and section 12 of the Members of the European Parliament Election Act; and
(iii) inclusion in the List of Party Names, cf. section 13(4).
Source:
Folketing (Parliamentary) Elections Act, Consolidated Act No. 369 of 10 April 2014. Part 4 Electoral Registers and Poll Cards. Election Board, pg. 5. https://valg.oim.dk/media/16286/consolidated-act-parliament-elections-incl-chapt2-2014.pdf
|
2019/05/27
|
|
Djibouti
|
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
i. Other
|
Article 3: The Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI), at the level of the District of Djibouti, is composed of: * Three (3) members appointed by the government; * Three (3) members appointed by the President of the National Assembly; * Three (3) magistrates elected in general assembly of the magistrates; * Three representatives of civil society; * A person designated by each political party regularly constituted or appointed by the independent candidate (s)
Source:
Decree 2005-0024/PR/MID on the composition and functioning of the Independent National Electoral Commission, art. 3:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-decret-no-2005-0024-pr-mid-portant/view
|
2018/03/30
|
|
Dominica
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
The Electoral Commission shall consist of a chairman appointed by the President acting in his own deliberate judgment, two members appointed by the President acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, and two members appointed by the President acting in accordance with the advice of the leader of the opposition.
Source:
Constitution of Dominica (1978), Section 56 (3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
Electoral Office of Dominica, Official Website - The Constituency Boundaries and Electoral Commissions: http://electoraloffice.gov.dm/about-us/brief-history (2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
e. Legislature
|
The members of the Central Electoral Board are elected by the Senate, with a 2/3 majority of the Senators present in the voting procedure.
Source:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 212(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19 art. 11: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
Ecuador
|
i. Other
|
The Council of Citizen Participation and Social Control shall appoint the members of the National Electoral Council and the Electoral Contentious Tribunal, from those selected through a public competition.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 224: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”, art. 20: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
a. Head of State
f. Judiciary
|
They shall be selected by the Supreme Judicial Council and special councils of the aforementioned judicial bodies and organizations, as the case may be, provided that they are not members thereof. They shall be appointed by virtue of a decree by the President of the Republic.
Source:
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 209: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/23
|
|
El Salvador
|
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
|
Three members are selected by the three political parties or coalitions that obtained the highest number of votes in the last presidential election and the two remaining members are nominated by the Supreme Court.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 208: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”, art. 43–45: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
k. No information available
|
Source:
Presidential decree No. 40/ 2013 of 28 March 2013: http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2013/DecretoNum.40_2013%281%29.pdf (2016);
Law No. 7/2012 of 16 November 2012 regulating elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, municipal elections and referenda
|
2016/05/03
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 58
Electoral Act, art. 4
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Estonia
|
c. Executive
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
i. Other
|
§ 14. Formation of National Electoral Committee
(1) The National Electoral Committee comprises the following members:
1) a judge of a court of first instance appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;
2) a judge of a court of appeal appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court;
3) an adviser to the Chancellor of Justice appointed by the Chancellor of Justice;
4) an official of the State Audit Office appointed by the Auditor General;
5) a public prosecutor appointed by the Chief Public Prosecutor;
6) an official of the Chancellery of the Riigikogu appointed by the Secretary General of the Riigikogu;
7) an official of the State Chancellery appointed by the State Secretary.
Source:
Electoral Law: Riigikogu Election Act as amended on 13 April 2016 , § 14(1).
|
2019/02/19
|
|
Ethiopia
|
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
|
Members of the Board shall be appointed by the House of Peoples’ Representatives upon recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister shall, before nominating Board members who fulfill the criteria, ensure that there has been sufficient consultation forum for political organizations that have seats in the House of Peoples’ Representatives to
ascertain that the nominees are independent and impartial. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Board shall be appointed by the House of Peoples’ Representatives from among the members upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 6 (1, 2, 7) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view ;
Constitution, art. 102 (2)
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
b. Head of Government
|
The Governor is the one who appoints the person to be registration officer.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 7(1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
a. Head of State
i. Other
|
The chairperson and the members of the Electoral Commission shall be appointed by the President, on the advice of the Constitutional Offices Commission.
Source:
Constitution, sec. 75 (7): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/18
|
|
Finland
|
c. Executive
|
-- It appears that election commissioners are selected by the Ministry of Justice, part of the Government--
The State Provincial Office shall, in good time before parliamentary elections, appoint an electoral district committee for each electoral district referred to in section 5. Its term of office shall continue until a new committee has been appointed. The committee is appointed by the State Provincial Office in whose province the committee meetings are held.
Source:
Election Act 714/1998 as amended, Section 11
http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1998/en19980714.pdf
Official Website of the Election Unit of the Ministry of Justice: http://www.vaalit.fi/53561.htm (2012)
|
2018/03/15
|
|
France
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
The members of the Constitutional Court are selected by the President as well as the President of the National Assembly and the President of the Senate.
Source:
Official Website of the Constitutional Court: http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/francais/le-conseil-constitutionnel/presentation-generale/presentation-generale.206.html (2017);
Constitution, Art. 56
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
|
2020/06/21
|
|
Gabon
|
c. Executive
d. Opposition
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
|
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments, art. 12
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view
(2017)
|
2025/05/13
|
|
Gambia
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
f. Judiciary
i. Other
|
The members of the Independent Electoral Commission shall be appointed by the President in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission and the Public Service Commission.
Source:
Constitution, Chapter V, part II, section 42 (3): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
Seven members of the CEC shall be elected by the Parliament of Georgia or appointed by the President of Georgia, while not more than 9 members of the CEC shall be appointed by the parties.
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art. 10:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
i. Other
|
The Federal Returning Officer and his Deputy shall be appointed by the Federal Ministry of the Interior; the Land Returning Officers, Constituency Returning Officers and Electoral Officers and their Deputies shall be appointed by the Land Government or the agency designated by it.
Source:
Federal Election Act, Section 9 (1)
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/dam/jcr/4ff317c1-041f-4ba7-bbbf-1e5dc45097b3/bundeswahlgesetz_engl.pdf
|
2025/03/12
|
|
Ghana
|
a. Head of State
|
The President shall, acting on the advice of the Council of State, appoint the Chairman, Deputy Chairmen and the other members of the Commission.
Source:
- Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, art. 43 (2):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/view
- The Electoral Commission Act, 1993 (Act 451), art. 4 (2): http://ec.gov.gh/assets/file/establishment_of_electoral_commision.pdf (2012);
|
2016/09/21
|
|
Gibraltar
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Parliament Act Number 1950-15
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1950-15o.pdf
|
2009/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
P.D. 49/1988 as amended, published on the Official Journal of the Government ΦΕΚ 18 - 29.01.1988, art. 9:1
|
2012/11/13
|
|
Greenland
|
k. No information available
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
a. Head of State
|
Source:
Constitution, art 35
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Guam
|
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
The Governor appoints six members based on the recommendation of the recognized political parties of Guam. The seventh member is appointed by the other six members, the appointment must be ratified by four of the six appointed members.
Source:
Guam Code Annotated, Title 3, Ch.2, Art. 2101:
https://law.justia.com/codes/guam/2019/title-3/chapter-2/
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
e. Legislature
|
Members of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal are elected by the Congress, with the positive vote of two thirds of its members, from a short-list of candidates proposed by the Nominating Committee.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”, art. 123: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guernsey
|
f. Judiciary
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/04
|
|
Guinea
|
c. Executive
d. Opposition
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
|
Ten members are appointed by the ruling political party, ten are nominated by the political parties of the opposition, three by CSOs, and the remaining two members are appointed by the administration.
Source:
Organic Law L/2012/016/CNT of 19 September 2012 on the composition, organization and functions of the Independent National Electoral Commission (CENI), art. 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-organic-law-l-2012-016-cnt-of-19-september/view;
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
a. Head of State
c. Executive
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
The members of the Executive Secretary are elected by two thirds of the Members of the National People's Assembly.
The National Electoral Commission consists of:
a) An Executive Director;
b) A representative of the President;
c) A representative of the Government;
d) A representative of each of the parties or coalition of parties.
e) A representative of the National Council of Social Communication;
f) A representative of each presidential candidate.
Source:
Law of 12 December 2009 on the National Electoral Commission, art. 2 (1, 3), 3 (1): http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_da_cne.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Head of State
d. Opposition
|
The President and the opposition select the EMB members.
"In addition to the Chairman, the Constitution (Amendment) Act No. 2 of 2000 also provides for the appointment of six (6) members of the Commission in the following manner -
(a) Three (3) members appointed by the President, acting in his own deliberate judgement.
(b) Three (3) members appointed by the President acting on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition after he has meaningfully consulted the non-governmental opposition parties represented in the National Assembly."
Source:
"Constitution of Guyana", art 161, sec 3
(http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GY/guyana-constitution-1996/view)
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2015/05/10
|
|
Haiti
|
c. Executive
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
There are 9 members: 3 members are chosen by the Executive Branch, 3 by the Supreme Court, and 3 by the National Assembly.
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
j. Not Applicable
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
e. Legislature
|
The Members are elected by the affirmative vote of the two-thirds of the votes of the totality of the members of the National Congress.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de 1982", art. 52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 9, 31: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
b. Head of Government
|
(2)The Commission shall consist of-
(a) a Chairman; and (b) 2 other members, appointed by the Chief Executive in accordance with this section.
Source:
Electoral Affairs Commission Ordinance, Sec.3 (2):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-electoral-affairs-commission-ordinance/view
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
Source:
Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (last modified by Act CCVII of 2013), Sections 20 & 27: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=159995.329468.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
e. Legislature
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
Parliamentary Election Act, Art. 12
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3897/file/Iceland_Act_Parliamentary_Elections_to_Althing_2000_en.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
a. Head of State
|
The EMB members are selected by the President.
Source:
The Constitution of India, Article 324: https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf
|
2024/06/19
|
|
Indonesia
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
The KPU members are selected by the Legislature and a Selection Team established by the President. The President shall propose 14 names of nominated candidates or 2 times the number of KPU members to the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives shall select candidates for KPU members based on the result of the fit and proper test. The House of Representatives shall decide on the best 7 out of the 14 names of candidates for KPU members.
Source:
Law 15/2011 on the General Election Implementers, art. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-of-the-republic-of-indonesia-15-2011
|
2014/04/02
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
e. Legislature
|
Elections Office staff members are selected by the Ministry of Interior.
Source:
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
e. Legislature
|
The Commissioners are selected by the Council of Representatives.
Source:
Law of the Independent High Electoral Commission, Section 3(1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-law-of-the-independent-high-electoral/view
|
2018/04/15
|
|
Ireland
|
j. Not Applicable
|
They are civil servants of the Ministry of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government
Source:
Official Website of the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government: http://www.environ.ie/en/LocalGovernment/Voting/
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
|
The committee is chaired by a Supreme Court justice who is chosen by a group of Supreme Court justices.
Source:
Central Elections Committee, Overview of the Central Elections Committee : http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections17/eng/cec/CecAboutGeneral_eng.htm
|
2019/05/02
|
|
Italy
|
k. No information available
|
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
i. Other
|
Source:
The Electoral Commission (Interim) Act 2006
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
|
The members are appointed by the prime minister as designated by the Diet.
Source:
Public Offices Election Act, Art.5-2(2)(3);
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
|
2019/07/09
|
|
Jersey
|
f. Judiciary
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/04
|
|
Jordan
|
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
A list of proposed names of persons to be appointed in the board shall be submitted to the King. The list shall be prepared by a committee chaired by the Prime Minister and with the membership of each of the speakers of the Upper and Lower Houses of Parliament and the president of the Judicial Council.
Source:
Law No. 46 of 2015: Law to Amend the Law on the Independent Election Commission, art. B(1): http://iec.jo/sites/default/files/4%20Consolidated%20Law%20on%20the%20Independent%20Election%20Commission%202015%20EN%20%281%29_0.pdf (2016)
|
2016/08/02
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall appoint the Chairperson and two members of the Central Election Commission,(art. 44).
Each of the Parliament Chambers shall independently, without participation from the other Chamber appoint two members of the Constitutional Council; and appoint two members of the Central Election Commission for a five-year term;(art. 57).
The Chairpersons of Parliament's Chambers shall nominate the members of the Constitutional Council, the Central Election Commission, and the Accounts Committee for Control over Implementation of the Republican Budget; (art. 58).
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan as amended on March 10, 2017, art. 44, 57, 58: https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-constitution-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/10/18
|
|
Kenya
|
e. Legislature
|
The chairman and other members of the Commission shall be nominated through competitive process by the Parliamentary Select Committee and upon approval of the National Assembly be appointed by the President in consultation with the Prime Minister.
Source:
Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) 2008, Section 41(3).
Constitution of Kenya Article 250(2)
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
c. Executive
|
The members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Beretitenti, acting in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet. A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a member of the Commission if he is a member of the Maneaba, and no person shall be qualified for appointment as Chief Electoral Commissioner unless he is a judge or magistrate in Kiribati.
Source:
Article 62(4), Constitution of Kiribati
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
k. No information available
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
The National Election Commission shall be composed of three members appointed by the President, three members selected by the National Assembly, and three members designated by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The Chairperson of the Commission shall be elected from among the members.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Korea, Article 114 (2): https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?lang=ENG&hseq=1
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Law No. 35 of 1962 on the election of members of Parliament with its amendments, art. 6, 18: http://www.gcc-legal.org/mojportalpublic/LawAsPDF.aspx?opt&country=1&LawID=2687#Section_3508 (2013)
|
2013/01/31
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
a. Head of State
d. Opposition
e. Legislature
|
The Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic (further - Jogorku Kenesh) elects members of Central Election Commission: half of structure - on representation of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (further - the President), the second half of structure on own initiative taking into account representation no more than seventy percent of same-gender persons; dismisses them in the cases provided by this constitutional Law.
The variation Jogorku Kenesh of the candidate for position of the member of Central Election Commission shall be reasonable. The subject of representation has the right to present the same or other candidacy.
Source:
Constitutional Law about the Central commission on elections and holding referenda of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2021, art. 2:
https://cis-legislation.com/document.fwx?rgn=133125
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
e. Legislature
|
The National Election Committee is appointed by the National Assembly Standing Committee.
Source:
Law No. 37/PO on the Election of Members of the National Assembly, art. 21 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/17
|
|
Latvia
|
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
The Saeima shall elect the Chairperson of the Central Election Commission and seven Commission members, and the Supreme Court, at its plenum, shall elect one Commission member from among the judges.
Source:
Law: Law on the Central Election Commission as amended on 6 May 2010, art. 1: http://cvk.lv/pub/public/28127.html (2014)
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
c. Executive
|
Article 11: Appointment of the Commission and its mandate
1 – The members shall be appointed by a decree in the Council of Ministers upon the proposal of the Interior Minister.
2 -The mandate of the members of the Commission shall commence from the date of the issuance of their decree of appointment on the basis of the decision of the Cabinet and shall terminate after six months from the date of completion of general Parliamentary elections.
3 – The Cabinet shall appoint the members of the Commission one month before the end of the mandate of its term.
4 – The existing Commission will continue to pursue its duties functions until a new body is appointed.
Source:
Parliamentary Election Law art. 11: https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
https://elections.gov.lb/getattachment/00bbe177-0eec-4f8a-a4df-e47c7e19b4de/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%28PDF%29.aspx%20(2017)
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
a. Head of State
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Lesotho, art. 66 (1-6)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
The President shall nominate and, with the consent of the
Senate, appoint and commission the Chairman, Co-chairman
and other Members of the Commission.
Source:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 2, Art. 2.2, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
c. Executive
e. Legislature
|
The National Transitional Council nominates the members of the HNEC.
Source:
Law No. 3 on the Establishment of the High National Electoral Commission, Art. 8 (National Transitional Council of Libya): https://security-legislation.ly/latest-laws/law-no-3-of-2012-on-the-establishment-of-the-high-national-commission-for-elections/
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
g. Political parties
|
Members of election commissions are nominated by political entities in proportion to their representation in the parliament.
Source:
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Principality of Liechtenstein, Parliamentary Elections 7 February 2021, Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2020 (6)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/a/f/473469.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Lithuania
|
c. Executive
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
i. Other
|
Article 7: (3) The Central Electoral Commission shall be composed of:
1. the Commission Chairman;
2. two persons with the university law degree who are nominated by the Minister of Justice and appointed by the Seimas by secret ballot;
3. two persons with the university law degree who are nominated by the Lithuanian Bar Association and appointed by the Seimas by secret ballot;
4. two persons with the university law degree who are nominated by the President of the Republic and appointed by the Seimas by secret ballot;
5. the persons nominated by the parties which have received mandates of the Seimas members in the multi-member constituency, where such persons have the university law degree and the experience of working in electoral committees.
(4) Prior to the formation of the Central Electoral Commission, the parties (coalitions) which have received mandates of the Seimas members in the multi-member constituency shall each have the right to nominate one representative to the Central Electoral Commission from one list of candidates (joint list) nominated in the multi-member constituency.
(7) Upon the recommendation of the Seimas Speaker, the Seimas shall appoint the Chairman of the Central Electoral Commission.
Source:
Republic of Lithuania Law on the Central Electoral Commission (20 June 2002 No. IX-985, As last amended on 18 November 2014 – No XII-1339) art. 7 (3, 4, 7)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/ea463d10f30311e3a8c1a1dee39661ca?jfwid=rivwzvpvg
|
2020/06/07
|
|
Luxembourg
|
b. Head of Government
i. Other
|
They are appointed by the Council of Government on proposal of the Prime Minister, Minister of State in the event of legislative or European elections, the Minister respectively Interior in case of general local elections. The charge of the direction of the central office and his deputy are appointed by the Council of Government officials among those following the same procedure.
Source:
https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/2009/02/12/n5/jo
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
d. Opposition
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
(3) The Parliamentary Committee on Election and Appointment Affairs shall prepare a draft-list of the applicants and shall submit it to the Parliament.
(4)From the candidates on the draft list for members of the State Election Commission, the opposition political parties shall propose the President and two members of the State Election Commission, whereas the ruling political parties shall propose the Vice President and three members of the State Election Commission.
(5)The President, the Vice President and the members of the State Election Commission shall be elected by the Parliament, with a two-thirds majority of the votes of the total number of MPs.
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, article 27 (3-5): https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Madagascar
|
c. Executive
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
i. Other
|
10 members represent the civil society (NGOs, Universities), among which 1 member is elected by the Association of Journalists and 1 member is elected by the Judiciary. There is also 1 member representing the Ministry of Interior and 1 member representing the Ministry of Decentralization. In addition, there are 11 members representing political parties.
Source:
Law n° 2012-004 establishing the Independent National Electoral Commission for the Transition, art. 20, 21, 22: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/Loi_2012-004_CENIT.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/11
|
|
Malawi
|
g. Political parties
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Malawi, art. 75(1), (4).
Electoral Law: Electoral Commission Act, art. 4(1).
https://mec.org.mw/malawi-electoral-laws-2/
|
2025/05/26
|
|
Malaysia
|
a. Head of State
i. Other
|
The Election Commission shall be appointed by the Yang di- Pertuan Agong after
consultation with the Conference of Rulers.
Source:
Constitution, art. 114 (1): http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
|
(b) The President shall appoint to the Elections Commission those persons approved by a majority of the People’s Majlis from the names submitted to the People’s Majlis as provided for in the statute governing the Elections Commission.
Source:
Constitution 2008, art. 168 (b): http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/12
|
|
Mali
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
|
The members of the Independent National Electoral Commission are selected by the President, political parties and civil society. The members of the Constitutional Court are selected by the President, legislature and Supreme Judicial Council.
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/05
|
|
Malta
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
g. Political parties
|
The members of the Electoral Commission shall be appointed by the President, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, given after he has consulted the Leader of the Opposition.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 60 (3): http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Man, Isle of
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/05
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
i. Other
|
Members of the Boards of Elections are appointed as permanent public servants by the Chief Electoral Officer, who is also a permanent public servant within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Source:
Elections and Referenda Act, as amended, sec. 112 & 115. https://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1980/1980-0020/ElectionsandReferendaAct1980_5.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Mauritania
|
d. Opposition
g. Political parties
|
Members proposed for appointment by the President of the Republic shall be chosen by consensus among individuals on a list of fourteen (14) members drawn from the proposals of the Majority and the Opposition and seven (7) members nominated by each political group.
Source:
Organic Law No. 2012 - 027 on the establishment of the Independent National Electoral Commission, art. 6 (2)
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
a. Head of State
|
The members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President, subject to ratification by the National Assembly.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Commission Act, art. 4.
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
e. Legislature
|
The eleven members of the General Council are elected through the vote of two thirds of the members in the Lower Chamber, from among the proposals put forward by the parliamentary groups of the same Chamber, after an open consultation. Should they not reach a consensus, the Electoral Councillors can be ultimately appointed by the Supreme Court through a lottery.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 36 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
|
Sect. 302/1/a: The President shall appoint one National Election Director with the advice and consent of the Congress.
Sect. 302/2/a: The President shall appoint a national election commissioner for each of the four States with the advice and consent of Congress.
Source:
The National Election Code, Title 9, Chapter 3, Section 302: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title09/T9_Ch3_2014.html
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
1 member is appointed by the President of Republic of Moldova, the rest 8 members are appointed by the Parliament, by observing the proportional representation of the majority and of the opposition. The nominal composition of the Commission is approved by the Decision of Parliament with the vote of the majority of elected MPs.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Code, No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97 article 16:2
|
2021/04/05
|
|
Monaco
|
i. Other
|
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 6
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Mongolia
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
Five members of the Commission shall be appointed by the Parliament at the suggestion of the Standing Committee on State Structure, two by the President of Mongolia and other two at the suggestion of the Supreme Court from genuine civil servants.
Source:
The Law on the Central Election Body, Art. 4 (2): https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7740/file/Mongolia_law_central_election_body_2006_en.pdf
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
Article 29: The permanent composition of the State Election Commission shall be appointed by the Parliament, at the proposal of the Parliament working body responsible for elections and appointments, in conformity with this Law.
Article 30: The State Election Commission shall be composed of: the chairperson and ten permanent members and one empowered representative of each candidate list submitting entity.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2016, art. 29, 30
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7743/file/Montenegro_Law_elections_councillors_members_of_parliament_1998_am2016_en.pdf
|
2021/12/21
|
|
Montserrat
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 78
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Morocco
|
j. Not Applicable
|
24. The Ministry of the Interior, supported by the Ministry of Justice, establishes a few months prior to the elections a Central Governmental Commission, constituted of the Minister of the Interior and the President of the Public Prosecutor's Office (i.e. Attorney General). 25. For the 8 September 2021 elections, the Central Commission was appointed by the Ministry of the Interior on 15 June 2021. At the same time, provincial commissions were established in each province, prefecture or district. Regional commissions were established for regional and parliamentary elections. These provincial and regional commissions are constitued of the General Prosecutor and the wali (regional governor) or provincial governor. They ensure the smooth running of the election. 26. At least 48 hours before the vote, the wali or the governor (provincial level) appoints a president, three assistants and substitutes for each polling station. Members can be civil servants employed by a public administration or non-candidate voters who can read and write and are known for their neutrality.
Source:
Council of Europe, Information Report on municipal and regional elections in the Kingdom of Morocco 8 September 2021 (2022): https://search.coe.int/congress/pages/result_details.aspx?objectid=0900001680a5ae69
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
|
The National Electoral Commission shall comprise 5 members representing FRELIMO (the ruling party), 4 members representing RENAMO (the main opposition party), 1 from the MDM (opposition party) and 7 members representing civil society organizations.
Source:
Law No. 6/2013 of 22 February 2013 regulating the functioning, composition and organisation of the National Electoral Commission (as amended by Law No. 9/2014), art. 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/mozambique-law-no.-9-2014-of-12-march-2014/view (2014).
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Namibia
|
f. Judiciary
|
The EMB members are selected by the Judicial Committee.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, art. 3-12.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Nauru
|
b. Head of Government
c. Executive
|
(14) The Electoral Commissioner is appointed by the President, acting on the advice of the Cabinet, and exercises the responsibilities, functions, duties and powers conferred on him or her by this Act. A person is qualified for appointment as the Electoral Commissioner if he or she:
(a) is a person qualified to be a Judge of the Supreme Court of Nauru and who possesses knowledge and experience relevant to
electoral laws, policy and systems and the conduct or administration of national elections; or
(b) has held senior leadership and management positions in Nauru or elsewhere and who is competent and has a proven record in the positions that he or she has held or has extensive knowledge of electoral laws, policy and systems, and relevant experience in the management, conduct or administration of national elections.
(24) There must be two Deputy Electoral Commissioners appointed by the President, acting on the advice of Cabinet. The Deputy Electoral Commissioners must be persons who have held senior management and administration positions and have knowledge and experience in electoral laws, policy and systems and the management, conduct or administration of national elections.
Source:
Electoral Act 2016, Art. 14-24. (http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d83250a1ebdc56c1701fa7aa245af5b1.pdf).
|
2019/07/02
|
|
Nepal
|
a. Head of State
|
The President shall appoint the Chief Election Commissioner and Commissioners on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council. Constitutional council shall form under the article 284 of constitution.
Source:
The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 Article 245 (2) www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
a. Head of State
|
The Electoral Council consists of seven members. These members are appointed by Royal Decree for a period of four years, and can be reappointed twice. They are appointed on the basis of their expertise in giving advice on the Election Law and elections.
Source:
Official Website of the Electoral Council: https://english.kiesraad.nl/about-us
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Netherlands Antilles
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/06
|
|
New Zealand
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
The Governor-General, on the recommendation of the House of Representatives.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act 1993, Art. 4D :
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/NZ/new-zealand-electoral-act-2010/view (2012)
|
2024/07/09
|
|
Nicaragua
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
h. Civil society
|
Members of the Supreme Electoral Council are elected by the National Assembly amongst candidates proposed by the President and Members of the National Assembly, in consultation with relevant civil associations. At least 60% of the deputies' votes are required for the election of each member of the Supreme Electoral Council.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 170 (1), 138 (8):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 6:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
a. Head of State
c. Executive
g. Political parties
h. Civil society
i. Other
|
The President, all legally established political parties, various civil society organisations, various Ministries and government departments, syndicates, Nigeriens living abroad, the media.
Source:
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code, art. 11: http://www.electionpassport.com/files/Niger-Electoral-Code-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/03
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
In exercising his powers to appoint a person as Chairman or member of the Independent National Electoral Commission, the President shall consult the Council of State. The approval of the Senate is also required.
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 154 (1, 3): http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
i. Other
|
The Chief Electoral Officer and his subordinates are all chosen by the Public Service Commission.
Source:
Niue Assembly Act 1966, as amended, Art. 3-4.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
Pursuant to 1 CMC §6102 and §6103, the Commission shall consist of nine (9) members appointed by the Governor subject to the advice and consent of the Senate
Source:
https://www.votecnmi.gov.mp/about-cec
1 CMC §6102 and §6103
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Ministry for Local Government and Regional Development: http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/krd/information-campaigns/election_portal.html?id=456491 (2012)
|
2012/11/13
|
|
Oman
|
i. Other
|
In Oman, the members of the Supreme Committee of the Shura Council are appointed by the Sultan.
The local committees shall be headed by the Wali of the respective Wilayat with the membership of the Shariah Judge of the respective Wilayat, the Deputy Wali or his assistant, the most Senior Police Officer in the respective Wilayat and four other members from the heads of Government agencies in the respective Wilayat, Provided that the Magistrate Court judge is among them (in case there is a Magistrate Court in the respective Wilayat). Members of the committee should be Omani, competitive and do not belong / come from the respective Wilayat originally. The Chairman of Committee shall appoint a coordinator / secretary for the committee from his own office staff.
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011, (2013) art. 58 (bis 14): https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/oman_basic_statute_of_the_state_2011-english.pdf
https://levant24.com/news/2021/09/the-supreme-committee-for-the-elections-explains-process/
|
2025/05/02
|
|
Pakistan
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
There shall be a Chief Election Commissioner (in this Part referred to as the Commissioner), who shall be appointed by the President.
The Prime Minister shall in consultation with the Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly, forward three names for appointment of the Commissioner to a Parliamentary Committee for hearing and confirmation of any one person.
Source:
Constitution, art. 213, 215, 218: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Pakistan_2017
Election Commission of Pakistan Official Website: http://www.ecp.gov.pk/Aboutus.aspx (2012)
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Palau
|
a. Head of State
|
Members of the Commission are appointed for 4-year terms by the President of the Republic of Palau.
Source:
Voting Rights Act of 1981, as amended, Sec. 1201 (b) (23 PNCA §1201(b)).
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestine
|
a. Head of State
|
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 9 (1): http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/08
|
|
Panama
|
c. Executive
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
One member is selected by the Legislature, another by the Executive Branch and the third by the Supreme Court of Justice.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 142 (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
a. Head of State
i. Other
|
The Electoral Commissioner shall be appointed by the Head of State, acting with and in accordance with the advice of the Electoral Commission Appointments Committee.
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections, Section 5 (3): http://www.pngec.gov.pg:7780/i/pngec/organic_law.pdf (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
c. Executive
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
Source:
Constitución: Constitución Nacional de la República del Paraguay, art. 224 y 275: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/constitucion/Paraguay%20%281992%29.pdf/ (1992)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
f. Judiciary
|
The members of the Plenary of the National Jury for Elections (5 in total) are elected by the Supreme Court, the Board of the Supreme Prosecutors, the Lawyers College of Lima, and the senior members of the law school of the public and privates universities, respectively. The National Judicial Council elects heads of both the National Office for Electoral Processes and the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política del Perú”, art. 179, 180, 182 & 183: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-constitucion-politica-2019/ ;
Organic Law of the National Identification and Civil Status Registry: "Ley 36497, orgánica del Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil", art. 10 & 15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26497-organica-RENIEC-2015/ ;
Organic Law of the National Office for Electoral Processes: "Ley 26487, orgánica de la Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales", art. 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26487-organica-ONPE-2006/ ;
Organic Law of the National Court of Elections: “Ley 26486, orgánica del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones”, art. 10: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26486-organica-JNE-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
i. Other
|
The Chairman and the Commissioners shall be appointed by the President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments.
Source:
Constitution, Art. IΧ, Sec. C-1 (2): http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/Constitution/1987Constitution/Article9 (2016)
|
2019/05/02
|
|
Pitcairn Islands
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2009/11/12
|
|
Poland
|
a. Head of State
i. Other
|
§ 1. The National Electoral Commission is a permanent, supreme electoral body competent to carry out elections and referendums.
§ 2. The National Electoral Commission shall comprise:
1) 3 judges of the Constitutional Tribunal designated by the President of the Constitutional Tribunal;
2) 3 judges of the Supreme Court designated by the First President of the Supreme Court;
3) 3 judges of the Supreme Administrative Court designated by the President of the Supreme Administrative Court.
§ 3. The judges mentioned in § 2 shall be appointed to the National Electoral Commission by the President of the Republic of Poland by decision.
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 157 (2): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
c. Executive
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
|
Article 2:
The National Election Commission is composed of:
a) A counselor judge of the Supreme Court of Justice, to be appointed by the Superior Council of the
Judiciary, who will be the president;
b) Citizens of recognized merit, to be designated by the Assembly of the Republic, included in a list
and proposed one by each parliamentary group;
c) One technician designated by each of the government departments responsible for
Internal Administration, Foreign Affairs and the Media.
Source:
Law No. 71/78, of 27 December, Creates the National Electoral Commission, Article 2:
https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/legis_lei_71-78_lei-da-cne.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
g. Political parties
|
The Election Commissioners are appointed by the political parties with the most votes in the previous general elections, and they appoint the Commission's Chair.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 3.7, 3.10(6): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
https://www.idea.int/blog/stability-or-elections-look-qatars-2024-constitutional-referendum
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
|
The members of the Permanent Electoral Authority are selected by the legislature, the president and the prime minister.
Article 63: (4) The president is appointed by decision adopted in a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, at the proposal of parliamentary groups, from among the personalities educated and trained in the legal or administrative field. The candidate who meets the Deputies and Senators’ majority of votes
shall be appointed president.
The members of the Central Election Bureau are selected by the High Court of Cassation and Justice and the political parties.
Source:
Electoral Law: Law No. 35 of 13 March 2008 for the election to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, art. 14 & 63(4-6)
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4224/file/ROM%20Election%20Laws_en.pdf
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
4. Five members of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation shall be appointed by the State Duma of the
Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from among the candidates proposed by the factions, other
associations of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, or by individual
deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Each association of deputies in
the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation may appoint not more than one
representative. Five members of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation shall be appointed
by the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation from among the candidates
nominated by the legislative (representative) bodies of state power of subjects of Russian Federation and top
executives of subjects of the Russian Federation (the heads of the highest executive bodies of state power of
subjects of the Russian Federation). Five members of the Central Election Commission of the Russian
Federation shall be appointed by the President of the Russian Federation.
Source:
Electoral Law: Federal Law "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum", article 21: https://www.te.gob.mx/vota_elections/media/files/e491d03ffa9036c.pdf
|
2024/03/25
|
|
Rwanda
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
The Government shall present to the Senate for approval seven (7) Commissioners including the President and the Vice President. The Commissioners are appointed and removed from office by Presidential order.
Source:
Official Website of the National Electoral Commission: https://nec.gov.rw/amatora/en/home/ (2024));
Law N° 31/2005 of 24/12/2005 relating to the organisation and functioning of the National Electoral Commission, Art. 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-law-nb0-31-2005-of-24-12-2005-relating-to/view (2017)
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
Members are appointed by the Governor general on advice of the Prime Minister and the leader of opposition.
Source:
Article 33， Constitution
|
2020/04/09
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 57 (3)
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Samoa
|
a. Head of State
|
The position of Electoral Commissioner is to be appointed by the Head of State acting on the advice of Cabinet.
Source:
The Electoral Commission Act 2019, Article 7: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Electoral-Commission-Act-2019-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
San Marino
|
e. Legislature
|
e) The members of the Permanent Electoral Committee are elected by the Parliament
Source:
Official Website of the State Secretariat of Interior : http://www.elezioni.sm/on-line/Home/Elezionipolitiche/GiuntaPermanentedelleElezioni.html (2012);
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 43, 44: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
k. No information available
|
Source:
Law on Electoral Commission n.º12/90 of 26 November 1990
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006), art. 53
http://www.stj.st/download/Lei_Eleitoral.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
j. Not Applicable
|
There are no provisions for direct national elections, since it is the King who appoints the members of the Shura Council. Only municipal elections are held.
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
a. Head of State
h. Civil society
|
The members of the National Autonomous Electoral Commission are appointed by presidential decree after consultation with civil society institutions and associations.
Source:
Electoral Code 2012, art. L.7 (1): http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
e. Legislature
|
Standing composition of the Republic Electoral Commission shall consist of the chairperson, 16 members, deputy chairperson and 16 deputy members appointed by the National Assembly
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on Election of Members of Parliament, art. 17.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
|
2022/07/07
|
|
Seychelles
|
a. Head of State
|
The Commission shall consist of a Chairperson and four Members all of whom shall be appointed by the President
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011) art. 115 (A)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/02/28
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
g. Political parties
|
The members of the Electoral Commission shall be appointed by the President after consultation with the leaders of all registered political parties and subject to the approval of Parliament. Constitution, art. 32
Source:
Constitution (2008), art. 32 (3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/13
|
|
Singapore
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Singapore Elections Department: http://www.eld.gov.sg/about_structure.html (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
c. Executive
g. Political parties
|
The members of the Commission are appointed by the government.
Source:
Act On Elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, Part 4, Section 13-15: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-municipalities-election-law-1990/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
e. Legislature
|
The republic electoral commission shall be appointed by the National Assembly.
Source:
National Assembly Elections Act, article 32.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SI/national-assembly-elections-act/view
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
The Chairperson of the Commission is the Speaker of Parliament, who is elected by each incoming Parliament.
The two other members as well as the Chief Electoral Officer (new position since 2018) are appointed by the Governor General, acting in accordance with the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission.
Art. 57 (5): At least one member of the Commission must be a woman. (added 2018)
Source:
Constitution of 1978 amended 2018:
Art. 57 (3): The Governor-General may, acting on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, appoint the members mentioned in subsection (2)(a) and (b) (the "appointed members").
Art. 57A (3): The Governor-General may, acting on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, appoint a suitably qualified and experienced person as the Chief Electoral Officer.
Art. 57 (5): At least one member of the Commission must be a woman. (added 2018)
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-constitution-amendment-2018
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
k. No information available
|
1. The Minister of the Ministry in charge of elections shall nominate from among the Somali society a temporary committee of advisers consisting of seven (7) members with good reputation and qualifications. The temporary committee shall advise the minister on the procedure and selection of candidates for membership in the National Independent Electoral Commission;
2. All members of the National Independent Electoral Commission must fulfill the criteria stated in Art. 8 of this Law;
3. Within twenty-one (21) days starting from the date when this law is enacted, the relevant Minister shall advertise the positions to allow interested candidates to submit their applications to the Ministry;
4. Within twenty-one (21) days starting from the date when the relevant Minister completes vetting the candidates, the Minister shall submit to the Council of Ministers twenty-seven (27) candidates who have been selected from the applicants, and the Council of Ministers shall select and submit nine candidates to the National Assembly for approval;
5. Within twenty-one (21) days starting from the date when the Council of Ministers submits the list to the National Assembly, the Assembly shall invite the nine (9) candidates mentioned in Para. 4 of this Article to come before the plenary of the Assembly and declare their candidature, qualifications, experience and long term vision of membership in the National Independent Electoral Commission;
6. When the hearing of the candidates as mentioned in Para. (5) of this article is completed, the National Assembly shall approve or reject any individual nominated member with a simple majority vote;
7. If one or more candidates are rejected as per Para. (6) of this article, the Council of Ministers must replace the rejected member in accordance with Para. (1) up to (6) of this article;
8. The nomination process mentioned in Para. (7) of this article, the procedure mentioned in Para. (4) and (5) of this article shall be repeated within twenty-one (21) days and submitted to the National Assembly in order to complete the members of the Commission;
9. Once the National Assembly approves nine (9) members as per Para. (3) up to (8) of this article, the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia shall announce the appointment of the members by a Presidential Decree within twenty-one (21) days starting from the date when the Speaker of Parliament submits the list of nominees to him.
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 111G: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view.
http://www.niec.so/En/legal/law
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
e. Legislature
|
Members of the IEC are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the National Assembly, following nominations by a National Assembly inter-party committee. The inter-party committee exams a list of at least eight nominations submitted by a panel consisting of the President of the Constitutional Court (Chair) and representatives of the Human Rights Commission, the Commission on Gender Equality and the Public Prosecutor.
Source:
Electoral Commission Act of 1996 (as amended to 2006), Section 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-commission-act-of-1996-as/view
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
|
The Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson, and members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President.
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011, art. 195 (2): http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012);
National Election Act 2012, art. 10(1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view;
Presidential Decree No 54/2012 of 1 August 2012 for the Appointment of the Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson and Members of the National Elections Commission
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
g. Political parties
|
The members of the Electoral Administration in Spain are selected by various entities, including the judiciary, political parties, and the legislature.
Judiciary:
Article 9.1(a): Eight members of the Central Electoral Board are Magistrates of the Supreme Court, designated by the General Council of the Judiciary.
Article 10.1(a): Three members of the Provincial Electoral Boards are Magistrates of the Provincial Court, designated by the General Council of the Judiciary.
Article 11.1(a): Three members of the Zone Electoral Boards are Judges of First Instance or Instruction, designated by the Governing Chamber of the respective Superior Court of Justice.
Political Parties:
Article 9.1(b): Five members of the Central Electoral Board are Professors of Law or Political and Social Sciences, designated by joint proposal of the parties, federations, coalitions, or groups of electors with representation in the Congress of Deputies.
Article 10.1(b): Two members of the Provincial Electoral Boards are Professors of Law or Political and Social Sciences or jurists of recognized prestige, designated by the Central Electoral Board based on proposals from the representatives of the candidacies.
Article 11.1(b): Two members of the Zone Electoral Boards are Law or Political and Social Sciences graduates, designated by the Provincial Electoral Board based on proposals from the representatives of the candidacies.
Legislature:
Article 9.2: If the political parties do not propose the members within the specified period, the Congress of Deputies' Board, after consulting the political groups, proceeds to their designation.
These articles illustrate the mixed model of selection involving the judiciary, political parties, and the legislature.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, art. 9:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/
|
2025/04/02
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
f. Judiciary
|
The members of the Electoral Commission are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 103 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
The members of the Commission are selected and appointed by the President of the Republic, with the consent of the First Vice-President and approval of two thirds of the members of the National Assembly, taking into consideration inclusiveness of representation to include the representation of women and other civil society groups.
Source:
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 6 (1): http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/31
|
|
Suriname
|
a. Head of State
|
The members of the Independent Electoral Council are appointed and discharged by the President. The President shall appoint the Chairman and deputy Chairman, as well as the secretary.
Source:
Electoral Law of 1987, Art. 1 (2, 3, 4): http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/Sur/suriname.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
i. Other
|
Chair and Deputy-Chair appointed by the King on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission and three other members appointed by the King on consultation with the ministers responsible for elections and for local government.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 90.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Swedish Election Authority: http://www.val.se/in_english/about_us/areas_of_responsibility/index.html (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Official Website of the Swiss administration: http://www.admin.ch/ (2014);
Official Website of the Swiss Federal Chancellery: http://www.ch.ch/abstimmungen_und_wahlen/02186/02213/02220/02222/index.html?lang=fr (2014)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
j. Not Applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2014/06/03
|
|
Tajikistan
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
|
Majlisi namoyandagon elects the Chairman, deputy chairman and members of the Central Commission for Elections and Referenda by proposal of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan within three days after the date of elections has been set.
Source:
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of July 26, 2014, article 11.
|
2025/02/17
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
a. Head of State
|
Constitution Article 74.1: There shall be an Electoral Commission of the United Republic which shall consist of following members to be appointed by the President.
Source:
Constitution, art. 74 (1): https://www.inec.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1714455356-1.%20sw-1675190712-sw1499671152-Katiba_ya_Tanzania.pdf
|
2025/12/01
|
|
Thailand
|
a. Head of State
e. Legislature
i. Other
|
The members of the Election Commission are appointed, by the King with the advice of the Senate from candidates who have been selected by the Selection Committee and the Supreme Court.
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Sec. 222: https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+KINGDOM+OF+THAILAND+(B.E.+2560+(2017)).pdf
|
2023/10/04
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
f. Judiciary
h. Civil society
i. Other
|
CNE shall be composed of fifteen members, as follows:
a) Three members appointed by the President of the Republic;
b) Three members elected by the National Parliament;
c) Three members appointed by the Government;
d) One judicial magistrate elected by his or her peers;
e) One public prosecution magistrate elected by his or her peers;
f) One public defender elected by his or her peers;
g) One nominated by the Catholic Church;
h) One nominated by the remaining religious faiths;
i) One representative of women organizations
Source:
Law no. 5/2006 on the Election Administration Bodies, article 5 (1): https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2006-05.pdf
|
2024/10/02
|
|
Togo
|
a. Head of State
c. Executive
d. Opposition
h. Civil society
|
5 members are selected by the president, 10 by the opposition, 2 by the civil society and the remaining 2 members are selected by the government.
Source:
Electoral Code No. 2000-07 as amended by law No 2005-001, law No. 2007-009 and law No. 2009-002, art. 15 (2): http://www.legitogo.gouv.tg/annee_txt/2007/Pages%20from%20jo_2007-007.pdf (2013)
|
2013/01/10
|
|
Tokelau
|
i. Other
|
The Referendum commission members are selected by: faipule(head) and 2 others from each village.
N/A for the Ministry of Interior, TPS.
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf
|
2009/11/16
|
|
Tonga
|
a. Head of State
|
The Commission shall consist of a person appointed by the King for a term of five years, who will be the Chairman, the Supervisor of Elections, and a person appointed by the King for such term as he may deem fit.
Source:
Electoral Commission Act 2010, Art. 4
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-commission-act-2010/view (2021)
Electoral Commission Act 2012, Art. 2 Amendment
http://www.paclii.org/to/legis/num_act/eca2012302.pdf (2021)
|
2021/09/14
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
The members are appointed by the President after consultation with the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 71(3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
e. Legislature
|
Members of the ISIE are selected by a special committee of the Legislative Assembly, which is composed on the basis of proportional representation of the different parliamentary groups.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2012-23 of 20 December 2012 on the Independent High Authority for Elections, as amended by the Organic Law n° 2013- 52 of 28 December 2013, art.
6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisie-loi-organique-nb0-2012-23-du-20-decembre/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
f. Judiciary
|
Source:
Electoral Management Design: The International IDEA Handbook (http://www.idea.int/publications/emd/upload/EMD_Annex_A.pdf)
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
a. Head of State
g. Political parties
|
All members [of the CEC] are appointed by the president, based on proposals by political parties and public associations.
Source:
OSCE/ODIHR Assessment of the Electoral Legislation, Section V, No. 21: http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/92391?download=true.
|
2017/02/14
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
|
Before making an appointment to the office of Supervisor of Elections, the Governor shall consult the Premier and the Leader of the Opposition.
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”, Section 91 & 97: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Tuvalu
|
j. Not Applicable
|
No Electoral Management Body. The Secretary to Government within the Office of the Prime Minister directs the administration of elections. The Minister appoints Returning Officers for each electoral district on unspecified criteria.
Source:
Electoral Provisions (Parliament) Regulations of 1980, as amended, art. 4; Electoral Provisions (Parliamentary) Act as amended, art. 6; Hassall, Graham (2006): The Tuvalu General Election 2006, Democracy and Elections Project (Governance Program), University of the South Pacific, Fiji. (http://www.governance.usp.ac.fj/fileadmin/files/thematic/elections/docs/Hassall_-_Election_Observation_Report_Tuvalu_2006.pdf)
|
2012/06/19
|
|
Uganda
|
a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
e. Legislature
|
The members of the Electoral Commission are appointed by the President with the approval of Parliament.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 60 (1): http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2025)
|
2025/12/05
|
|
Ukraine
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a. Head of State
e. Legislature
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Source:
Law on the Central Election Commission (last amended in 2018) article 6 (1, 2)
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/1932-15
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2019/03/11
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United Arab Emirates
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i. Other
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The National Electoral Committee is chaired by the Minister of State for Federal National Council Affairs and consists of the following members: Minister of Justice, Minister of Education, Minister of Culture, Youth and Community Development, Secretary General of Ministry of Presidential Affairs, a representative of Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, Under-secretary of Ministry of Interior, Under-secretary of Ministry of State for Federal National Council Affairs, Director General of Emirates Identity Authority, Assistant Under-secretary of Ministry of State for Federal National Council Affairs and three public figures named by the NEC chairman.
Voting can be done from both inside and outside the UAE:
Voters inside the UAE may cast their votes through the electronic voting system at the allocated polling stations in each Emirate. Voter verification is integrated with the voting system; whereas the voter will present a valid Emirates ID to verify his/her identity before entering his vote. The system also allows data entry, processing, organizing and monitoring. The electronic voting system has been adopted due to several characteristics, which make it better than the more traditional voting system (of paper slips and ballot boxes), notably, ease of use by voters, efficiency and speed as the system makes the whole electoral process more efficient, and has less margin of error when voter cast their vote.
Source:
Official Website of the National Electoral Committee: https://www.uaenec.ae/ar/about-us/about-the-committee(2012)
http://www.uaenec.ae/en/voter/how-to-vote
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2019/09/25
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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a. Head of State
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Article 1(4): The Electoral Commissioners shall be appointed by [the Monarch] (in accordance with section 3)."
However, this is largely a ceremonial role with Parliament selecting candidates for the acting monarch to appoint.
Source:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Part 1 & Schedule 1: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/41/part/I
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2025/06/12
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United States of America
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a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
c. Executive
e. Legislature
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FEC commissioners are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate.
U.S. Election Assistance Commission members are appointed by the president and approved by the Senate. The Help America Vote Act also recommends that the president hear advice from majority and minority leadership from both chambers of Congress.
The President is the Executive, the Head of State, and the Head of Government.
Source:
https://www.fec.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/ ;
https://www.eac.gov/about_the_eac/commissioners.aspx ;
Help America Vote Act of 2002 Sec. 203:
https://www.eac.gov/sites/default/files/eac_assets/1/6/HAVA41.PDF
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2024/10/21
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Uruguay
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e. Legislature
g. Political parties
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Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 324 https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
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2024/12/18
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Uzbekistan
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e. Legislature
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Article 12: The members of the Central Election Commission shall be elected by the Legislative Chamber and the Senate upon the recommendation of the Jokarghy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and Tashkent city Kengashes of people's deputies. Chairperson of the Central Election Commission shall be elected from among its members upon the nomination of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the meeting of the commission.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 3, Article 12 (2019): https://lex.uz/docs/4458857?ONDATE=26.06.2019
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2024/08/22
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Vanuatu
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a. Head of State
i. Other
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The Electoral Commission members are selected by the President in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission.
The Principal Electoral Officer is a public servant.
Source:
Constitution, art. 18-19: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
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2016/01/26
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Venezuela
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e. Legislature
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The National Assembly selects the members of the National Electoral Council with a 2/3 majority of its members.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, art. 296: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/ ;
Electoral Branch Law: “Ley Orgánica del Poder Electoral”, art. 8: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/leyes-electorales/venezuela-ley-organica-poder-electoral-2002/
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2020/11/15
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Viet Nam
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e. Legislature
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The National Assembly Standing Committee
Source:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No. 63/2010/QH12, art. 14 (1): http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
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2016/06/20
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Virgin Islands, British
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b. Head of Government
|
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2019/02/21
|
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Yemen
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a. Head of State
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The members of the Supreme Elections Committee shall be appointed by power of a Presidential Decree, based on a list ratified by the Parliament which includes nominating 15 judges. The Secretary General to be appointed by power of a Presidential Order. S/he shall be selected from among three candidates seconded by the majority of members of the Supreme Committee.
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 19 (a), 33: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012);
Presidential Decree No. 22 for 2010, art. 1: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/indexe.htm (2012)
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2012/08/22
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Zambia
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a. Head of State
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The members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President, subject to ratification by the National Assembly.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Commission Act, art. 4.
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Electoral%20Commission%20Act.pdf (2016)
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2016/06/28
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Zanzibar
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a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
d. Opposition
g. Political parties
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The Chairman is appointed by the President. Two members are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Leader of Government business in the House of Representatives. Two members are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Opposition Leader or, if there is no opposition leader, by consultation with the political parties. One member is appointed by the President from among the Judges of the High Court. One members is appointed by the President as he sees fit.
Source:
The Constitution of Zanzibar, art. 119 (1)
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
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2016/04/05
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Zimbabwe
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a. Head of State
b. Head of Government
|
The ZEC is composed of a Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson and seven other members. The Chair must be a judge or qualified to hold office as a judge and is appointed by the President after consultation with the Judicial Service Commission. The other members, of whom at least three must be women, are appointed by the President from a list of nine nominees supplied by the Committee on Standing Rules and Orders.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Zimbabwe, art. 238
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013
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2023/09/25
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