|
total countries/territories: 228
|
|---|
| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
|
Afghanistan
|
c. Special polling stations
f. Other
|
Source:
Afghan Electoral Law, art. 14(2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/Electoral%20Law%20Eng.pdf/view (2015).
|
2016/03/14
|
|
Albania
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country voting is not permitted.
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Algeria
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
d. By proxy
|
Source:
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral), art. 54: https://www.joradp.dz/hfr/consti.htm
|
2019/09/25
|
|
American Samoa
|
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
|
Source:
American Samoa Code Annotated, Title 6 (6.1103)
|
2017/08/18
|
|
Andorra
|
e. By mail
f. Other
|
Source:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, "OSCE/ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report: Principality of Andorra 2015", p. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-needs-assessment-mission-report/ ;
Postal Voting in Andorra (http://votpercorreu.ad/passos-a-seguir)
|
2023/06/29
|
|
Angola
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 2 (2, 3), 97 (2), 100 (2): http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc46fa0b3-c947-4440-ae92-5f1a3a275d8a%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Anguilla
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Elections Act, Art 34
|
2015/02/24
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
d. By proxy
f. Other
|
Source:
Representation of the People Act (2001), Sect 3.3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/antigua-and-barbuda-amendment-to-the/view
|
2014/06/05
|
|
Argentina
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Votes will be counted in diplomatic and consular representations.
Source:
Ley N° 24007 para el voto de los argentinos en el exterior, art. 3: http://www.elecciones.gov.ar/normativa/archivos/LEY_24007.pdf (1991)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Armenia
|
f. Other
|
Source:
Electoral Code of 26 May 2011, art. 60 (1, 2): http://res.elections.am/images/doc/_ecode.pdf (2013);
OSCE/ODIHR Final Report on the Armenian Parliamentary Elections of 6 May 2012, p. 9: http://www.osce.org/odihr/91643 (2013).
|
2015/12/01
|
|
Aruba
|
h. Not applicable
|
Outside the country voting is not permitted
Source:
National Ordinance, containing rules concerning the electoral law and the election of the members of the States of Aruba
|
2017/07/07
|
|
Australia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
(a.)Some embassies. At the 1996 federal election there were 99 overseas posts at which Australians could vote and a total of 46 307 votes were cast overseas.
Source:
Voting Overseas (AEC)
https://www.aec.gov.au/Voting/Ways_to_vote/overseas.htm
|
2024/09/09
|
|
Austria
|
a. Embassies
e. By mail
|
Source:
Regulation on the Election of the Federal Council (1992), Art. 60
|
2012/05/29
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
c. Special polling stations
|
Election precincts, which are established for the collection and counting of votes of voters outside the country on Voting Day, shall be created by the heads of diplomatic representations or consulates of the Republic of Azerbaijan at least 30 days prior to Voting Day, in the territories where such voters reside, provided the number of voters registered with the consulate is more than 50. Such polling stations may only be created during referendums and Presidential elections
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments, article 35.6: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
|
2024/11/12
|
|
Bahamas
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act (1992)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
Bahrain
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Any citizen registered in the voters schedule living abroad has the right to cast his vote in referendum or election in the normal procedure or through electronic means according to the directives of the Minister of Justice and Islamic Affairs. They can elect in the Embassies, Consulates, or Diplomatic Mission.
Source:
Decree No. 14 of 2002 on Exercising Political Rights, art. 25: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-law-by-decree-on-exercising-political/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Bangladesh
|
a. Embassies
|
Source:
S. M. Asaduzzaman; Public Relations Officer; Bangladesh Election Commission. Email: [email protected]
|
2012/05/30
|
|
Barbados
|
a. Embassies
|
Source:
"Voting from Abroad: The International IDEA Handbook" (2007) (http://www.idea.int/publications/voting_from_abroad/index.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Belarus
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
ODIHR Election Observation Mission. Final Report. Early Parliamentary Elections 17 Nov 2019. P. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-early-parliamentary-elections-final-report/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
d. By proxy
e. By mail
|
Article 180
All Belgian citizens who are listed in the population register kept by the Belgian diplomatic posts or consulates abroad and who fulfill the conditions or the electorate as it is stated in article 1, are obliged to vote.
The persons mentioned in the first sentence register as voter in one or the following municipalities:
1° in the Belgian municipality where the person was last registered in the population register before leaving the country;
2° otherwise in the Belgian municipality of his birthplace;
3° otherwise in the Belgian municipality where the father or the mother of the person are or have last been registered in the population register;
4° otherwise in the Belgian municipality in which an up to third-degree relative is registered or has last been registered, or finally in the municipality where an ancestor is born, is registered or has been registered in the population register.
They exercise their right to vote either personally or by proxy in a polling station on the Belgian territory, personally or by proxy in the diplomatic post or consulate where they are registered, or by mail.
With the exceptions stipulated in this title, the provisions of the Electoral Code are to be applied regardless of which operus morandi to be chosen for the voting.
The diplomatic posts or consulates verify the conditions of the electorate listed in article 1, §1
Source:
The Belgian Electoral Code, Art. 180, 180-b, 180-c, 180-d, 180-e, 180-f, 180-g
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BE/belgium-electoral-code-2014/view
|
2019/04/25
|
|
Belize
|
d. By proxy
|
It is limited to the persons employed outside Belize in any Belizean Embassy, High Commission, Diplomatic Mission or Consulate, including their spouses and dependents.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”, Schedule III, Section 19: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-of-the-people-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
Benin
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Law 2005-26 of 6 August 2010 regulating the election of the President of the Republic, art. 15: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-presidentielle-2011.pdf (2016);
Law n ° 2010-33 of 7 January 2011 setting general rules for the elections in the Republic of Benin, art. 53 (2): http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-electorale-generale-pour-2011.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
Bermuda
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2012/05/31
|
|
Bhutan
|
a. Embassies
e. By mail
f. Other
|
Source:
Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan (2008), Chapter 17, Article 331: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
Postal Ballot Rules and Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan (2018), Article 10: https://www.ecb.bt/Rules/pb.pdf
|
2024/08/27
|
|
Bolivia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Las mesas de votación se establecerán en aquellos países en los que Bolivia tenga representación diplomática y consular permanente, y existan electores registrados en el Padrón Electoral.
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 27 (I):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-2012/ (2016);
Electoral Law: “Ley del Régimen Electoral – Ley Nº 026”, art. 200, 201:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-del-regimen-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/05/10
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, art. 1.5, 5.21.
https://www.izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version.pdf?v-4 (2024)
|
2025/06/26
|
|
Botswana
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
The requirement for a polling station to be established abroad is a minimum of 50 residents from Botswana living in that area.
Source:
Electoral Act of 1968 (as amended until 2012), art. 5 (3): http://www.iec.gov.bw/images/pdf/ElectoralAct.pdf (2014).
|
2014/10/28
|
|
Brazil
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
All Brazilians living abroad who are over 18 years old – with the exception of those over 70 years old and illiterates – are required to vote only in the elections for president and vice-president of the Republic.
Art. 225
In the elections for president and vice-president of the Republic, a voter who is abroad may vote.
§ 1 For this purpose, polling stations will be organized at the embassies and consulates-general.
§ 2 If it is necessary to set up two or more polling stations, a location where a Brazilian government service is operating may be used.
Source:
Official Website of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal:
https://www.tse.jus.br/servicos-eleitorais/eleitorado-no-exterior
https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2024/Fevereiro/eleitor-que-mora-fora-do-pais-vota-nas-eleicoes-municipais
Electoral Code, Law No. 4737, of July 15, 1965, Article 225:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/12
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 23: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013);
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
Diplomatic missions and some other places.
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Code, Art. 12, 13
http://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=82965 (2014)
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Code as amended in 2012, art. 265: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law, art. 47: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Code, art. 213: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly, art. 93: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-of-LEMNA-by-CNRP-CPP_March_08_2015132491924.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Cameroon
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Polling stations shall be set up in diplomatic representations and consular posts
Source:
Electoral Code Chapter X section 271 (3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-electoral-code-english-2012
|
2018/11/06
|
|
Canada
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
f. Other
|
Voting kits may be ordered from, and delivered to embassies, consulates and high missions or to any other address provided, and returned from any location around the world, as long as they reach Elections Canada’s headquarters in Ottawa by 6:00 p.m. on election day.
Source:
"Voting from Abroad: The International IDEA Handbook", (2007) (http://www.idea.int/publications/voting_from_abroad/upload/Voting_from_abroad.pdf)
Electoral Law: Canada Elections Act, Part 9 (Voting)& Part 11
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/PDF/E-2.01.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010, art. 129 (2): http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 92(c): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”, Section 43: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016, Art. 80, 179: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Source:
Electoral Code 2009 -
http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Chad_Electoral%20code_2009_fr.pdf; Art 66 (2016)
Law No. 020/PR/2010 establishing a National Independent Electoral Commission amended by Law No. 022/PR/2010, art. 66 (2): http://www.iss.co.za/uploads/CHADCENI.PDF (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
Chileans who wish to vote from other countries, must register at their corresponding Consulate —or even before the National Office of Overseas Affairs and International Police of the Investigations’ Police of Chile upon entering or leaving the country.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley que regula el derecho a sufragio en el extranjero”:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-no.-20.960-sufragio-en-el-extranjero/
Electoral Law: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile; “Voto de chilenos en el extranjero (2016)”: http://www.bcn.cl/leyfacil/recurso/voto-de-chilenos-en-el-extranjero
|
2025/04/01
|
|
China
|
g. No information available
|
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Overseas Voting Centres are established at selected Australian Embassies, Consulates and High Commissions for each federal election.
(Australian Election Commission).
You can also vote by post.
183. Grounds of application for postal vote
A person may apply for a postal vote on any of the grounds set out in Schedule 2 (see Schedule 2; absence or inability to vote at polling station).
(Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, section 183).
Source:
Australian Election Commission: https://www.aec.gov.au/Voting/Ways_to_vote/overseas.htm
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019, section 183: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
|
2019/08/01
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
Locales fuera de las sedes diplomáticas
Source:
Constitution, art. 171 (3), 176 (6): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2014/
Electoral Code, art. 116: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-decreto-2241-de-1986-codigo-electoral/
Decree 2364 of 2001 of the Ministry of the Interior: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-decreto-2364-de-2001-2012/
|
2014/05/13
|
|
Comoros
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
LIVRE PREMIER: DISPOSITIONS COMMUNES AUX ELECTIONS POLITIQUES
https://justice.gouv.km/texte/code-electoral/?utm_
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 6: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2001)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Law No. 11/003 of 25 June 2011, Art. 57, 59: http://www.ambardc.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=232%3Aloi-electorale-de-la-rdc&catid=50&Itemid=70 (2012);
Official Website of the Independent National Electoral Commission: http://www.ceni.gouv.cd/info.aspx?id_rubrique=3&id_page=7 (2012)
|
2012/06/28
|
|
Cook Islands
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
Pacific Election Administration Compared: Andrew Ellis (International IDEA)and Alistair Legge (PIANZEA), 2005.
Electoral Act (2004), Art.65
|
2014/06/30
|
|
Costa Rica
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
El Tribunal podrá instalar las juntas receptoras de votos que considere necesarias para garantizar la participación de los ciudadanos nacionales que se encuentran fuera del país. Éstas podrán ser ubicadas en los consulados que Costa Rica mantenga abiertos en territorio extranjero o en el lugar que autorice el Tribunal según propuesta de la autoridad consular.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral (2010)”, art. 189: http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/normativa/codigoelectoral.pdf (2014)
|
2014/06/04
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Art. 7
Voters with residence in the Republic of Croatia shall vote at polling stations in the territory
of the Republic of Croatia designated according to their place of residence.
Voters with residence in the Republic of Croatia, but who are serving in the Armed Forces of
the Republic of Croatia on election day, who are in peace operations and missions on election
day, who as members of the crews of maritime and river ships flying the Croatian flag are
outside its borders, on floating facilities within interior sea waters or territorial sea of the
Republic of Croatia, voters found in social welfare institutions and voters deprived of their
freedom, shall vote at special polling stations designated pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
Voters with residence in the Republic of Croatia, but who are outside the borders of the
Republic of Croatia on election day, shall vote for representatives of an electoral constituency
based on their residence in the territory of the Republic of Croatia at the seat of a diplomatic
mission or consular post of the Republic of Croatia, subject to prior registration or
confirmation for the purposes of voting outside the place of residence.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (116/99) (consolidated wording with amendments No. 109/00 and 53/03), art. 7(2) & (3).
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7663/file/Croatia_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_2003_am2015_en.pdf
|
2020/07/06
|
|
Cuba
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Cyprus
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Art. 27 (2): Provided that the Commissioner may, if he deems it necessary, on the basis of the existing circumstances,
to run polling stations abroad, in embassies of the Republic or elsewhere, on condition
that in any city abroad they express, in a statement they submit to it
supplementary electoral roll of the quarter preceding the date of the elections
elections, interest in exercising their electoral right there, at least thirty voters from each
which at the day of the elections will be abroad:
"Regulating the right of citizens eligible to vote from abroad, in embassies and consulates, was met with a lot of resistance from political parties and state authorities and was only made possible with an amendment to the law on the Elections of the House of Representatives in 2002 which also applies mutatis mutandis to the presidential and European parliament elections. Though initially applicable only to students and workers temporarily living abroad, this law was subsequently extended to cover any person registered in the electoral registry and living abroad. This may also include expatriates who fulfil the legal requirements for voter registration. However, a decision to establish voting centres abroad is at the discretion of the Minister of Interior and may be only taken if certain requirements are fulfilled"
Source:
Electoral Law 72 of 1979 as amended, Art. 27(2):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-electoral-law-72-1979-greek-version/ (2016);
Access to Electoral Rights Report, RSCAS/EUDO-CIT-ER 2013/25 p. 4
http://eudo-citizenship.eu/admin/?p=file&appl=countryProfiles&f=1325-Cyprus-FRACIT%20.pdf
Official website of the Central Electoral Service:
http://moi.gov.cy (2016).
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
g. No information available
|
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
c.) Special polling stations are set up in frame of embassies and consulates of the Czech Republic.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act of Law 247/1995 Coll., on elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (amended by 480/2006 Coll.), art. 6
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CZ/czech-republic-act-no.-247-on-elections-to-the/view (2017)
see also
(5) Special voter lists shall be also kept by diplomatic missions for registering voters who:
a) reside outside the territory of the Czech Republic; each such voter shall be registered on the basis of his/her application for registration, accompanied by an original or an authenticated copy of documents confirming the applicant's identity, his/her citizenship of the Czech Republic and his/her residence within the jurisdiction of the diplomatic mission at which he/she is to be registered in the special voter list; such application must be delivered or handed to the diplomatic mission no later than 40 days before the election date; or
(b) vote at the diplomatic mission with their absentee voting certificate.
|
2023/09/18
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Law n° 2000-514 of 1 August 2000, art. 3, 21: http://www.gouv.ci/doc/textes_fondamentaux/Code%20Electoral.pdf (2012)
|
2012/12/14
|
|
Denmark
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
f. Other
|
c) Advance voting abroad can take place with a "voter receiver" appointment for particular purposes by the Ministry of the Interior (mainly used to serve Danish military personnel abroad, e.g. as members of UN peacekeeping forces)
f)Danish sailors serving on Danish ships in foreign waters - and Danish passengers as well - may also vote on board the ship. The ship's master collects these votes.
Postal voting abroad
"If you are abroad and so prevented from voting in Denmark on election day, you may vote by post at a Danish Embassy or Consulate abroad. It is, however, a condition that you are registered in the electoral register. There is no deadline for when you must have given your vote abroad for it to be counted, but postal votes must be given in sufficient time before election day for it to reach your former municipality of residence before the voting on election day starts at 9 o’clock. You must remember to bring identification, i.e. passport, driving licence or medical card."
Source:
Parliamentary Election Act of Denmark, Ch.1, P.8, Art.58(1)
Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration in Denmark, chapter 4, art. 2(2)
http://fae.um.dk/en/travel-and-residence/danish-citizens-right-to-vote-from-abroad/
|
2019/05/27
|
|
Djibouti
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
The exercise of the right of suffrage is subject to the prior registration on an electoral list of the administrative district where the domicile or residence is located, except as otherwise provided in this law. Djiboutians residing abroad must, in order to be electors: - to be registered at the consulate or embassy of the Republic of Djibouti in the country of their residence; - be registered on the electoral list of the embassy to which the country of residence belongs.
Source:
Electoral Law n° 1/ AN /92 regulating elections, as amended by Organic Law n ° L 11/AN/02/4, art. 4:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-loi-electorale-avec-modifications-2002/view
|
2018/04/02
|
|
Dominica
|
g. No information available
|
Outside the country voting is not permitted.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Source:
Electoral Law: "Ley Electoral 275 - 97", art. 82 - 85: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/ley-electoral-no.-275-97-y-sus-modificaciones (2016);
Law No. 136-11 regulating voting from abroad, art. 13, 16: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-no.-136-11-que-regula-el/ (2016).
|
2016/02/29
|
|
Ecuador
|
f. Other
|
Ecuadorians overseas vote over the Internet
Source:
Regulations for Out-of-Country Voting over the Internet: “Reglamento de votación telemática en las circunscripciones especiales del exterior (2022)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-reglamento-votacion-telematica-exterior-2022/
|
2023/03/30
|
|
Egypt
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No.45 of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art. 50: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViELw_lVhHw (2014);
Legislative Decree No. 130 of 2011 concerning the Egyptians living abroad vote: http://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/OCVoting2011-130.pdf (2013).
|
2025/09/23
|
|
El Salvador
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
Law on Out of Country Voting: “Decreto No. 273 — Ley especial para el ejercicio del voto desde el exterior en las elecciones presidenciales”, art. 4: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-ley-especial-voto-exterior-2018/
|
2021/01/29
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
g. No information available
|
Source:
Law No. 7/2012 of 16 November 2012 regulating elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, municipal elections and referenda
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Elections Act, art. 17:1, 21.2 & 55
|
2011/06/22
|
|
Estonia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
f. Other
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Riigikogu Election Act last amended on 13 April 2016 § 49 (1)-(2), 52-54.
|
2019/02/20
|
|
Ethiopia
|
g. No information available
|
Source:
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007, art. 7 (21) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
e. By mail
|
Voters must provide an address in the United Kingdom to which postal ballot papers for completion by the elector are sent.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 23A: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Fiji
|
e. By mail
|
(7) An application for registration in the Register of Postal Voters may only be made on one of the following grounds— (a) the applicant is living outside of Fiji or will be outside of Fiji on the polling day;
Source:
Electoral Decree No. 11 of 2014, art. 67 (7): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-electoral-decree-no.-11-of-2014/at_download/file (2014).
|
2018/04/20
|
|
Finland
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
f. Other
|
2) in a Finnish diplomatic mission on each day specified by the Head of Representation, with the exception of Easter Sunday, Whitsunday, Midsummer Day, Christmas Eve or Christmas Day and Boxing Day;
3) in an institution with a minimum of one day and a maximum of two days during the times specified by the election commission;
4) on board a Finnish ship with a minimum of one day during the times specified by the master of the ship;
Source:
Election Act 714/1998 as amended, Section 48
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5672
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
b. Consulates
d. By proxy
e. By mail
f. Other
|
Source:
Decree of 20 July 2007 containing various provisions relating to electoral lists and electoral operations abroad;
Official Website of the Ministry of Interior: http://vosdroits.service-public.fr/particuliers/F11257.xhtml (2012)
Electoral Code, Art. R176-3, R176-4 https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=9B64B63FCBA694B62F4DC7D7DCC0F066.tplgfr23s_1?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070239&dateTexte=20200617
|
2020/06/20
|
|
French Guiana
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/10
|
|
French Polynesia
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.12, L.15-1.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Gabon
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments, art. 99;
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view (2017)
Official Website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Gabon: http://www.affaires-etrangeres.gouv.ga/16-informations/335-gabonais-de-l-etranger/ (2017)
|
2025/05/14
|
|
Gambia
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Elections Decree 78 of 1996: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Election precincts at the State institutions of Georgia, existing outside Georgia, are established upon ordinance of the Central Election Commission of Georgia, based on the data of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia.
Source:
The Election Code of Georgia, art. 23:
https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=8
|
2024/07/24
|
|
Germany
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2021/informationen-waehler/deutsche-im-ausland.html#a76fef25-b68e-4fba-8874-427685556b2b
|
2025/03/06
|
|
Ghana
|
d. By proxy
|
Source:
The Public Elections Regulations (2016), art.25: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-public-elections-regulations-2016/
|
2016/10/05
|
|
Gibraltar
|
d. By proxy
e. By mail
|
"33A.(1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of these Rules, an elector who, being entitled to vote at the election applies to the returning officer by no later than noon on the sixth day before that election to vote by proxy at the election, shall if the returning officer is satisfied that the applicant meets all the requirements of Rule 33A (3) be entitled to vote by proxy at that election."
"34. (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of these rules, an elector who, owing to his temporary absence from Gibraltar is unable or likely to be unable to go in person to the polling station on the day of the poll, may after publication of the prescribed notice apply to the returning officer to be registered in the list of postal voters."
Source:
Election Rules, Part III< Article 33A(1), 34(1)
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1950.07.20-1.pdf
International IDEA research, January 2007
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Ministry of Interior: http://www.ypes.gr/el/Elections/FAQs/
|
2020/07/26
|
|
Greenland
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Source:
Parliamentary Election Act of Denmark, Ch.1, P.8, Art.58(1) Parliamentary Elections and Election Administration in Denmark, chapter 4, art. 2(2)
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Law, art 33.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Guadeloupe
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Guam
|
e. By mail
f. Other
|
Absentee ballots can be mailed or transmitted by email.
Source:
3 Guam Code 10108:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc010.PDF
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Out-of-Country Voting Regulations: “Reglamento de Voto en el Extranjero”, art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/30
|
|
Guinea
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Code No. 91/012/CTRN, art. 11: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"), art. 61: http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
g. No information available
|
|
2015/05/11
|
|
Haiti
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Law: http://www.presidence.ht/loi_electorale/ (2013)
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
g. No information available
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
c. Special polling stations
|
In order to allow Honduran citizens to cast their votes abroad, the general consulates are considered auxiliary of the electoral bodies to install special polling stations in specific places for these purposes.
Source:
Law for Voting Abroad: “Ley especial para el ejercicio del sufragio de los hondureños en el exterior (2001)”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-especial- voto-en-el-exterior-2001/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Source:
Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (last modified by Act CCVII of 2013), Sections 258, 259, & 269: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=159995.329468.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, Art. 58-60
Voters who are not able to attend during a polling session on election day may vote outside of the
regular polling session, according to the rules laid down in this Act.
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
d. By proxy
e. By mail
|
f)Postal ballot is only available for specified categories of voters.
(a) any of the persons as is referred to in clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (8) of section 20 of the
Representation of the People Act, 1950 (43 of 1950), (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 1950-Act) to give
his vote either in person or by postal ballot or by proxy, and not in any other manner, at an election in a constituency
where poll is taken.
Source:
Representation of People Act, 1951, Sec. 16: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/04_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201951.pdf
The Conduct of Election Rules 1961: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/%282%29%20THE%20CONDUCT%20OF%20ELECTION%20RULES%2C%201961.pdf
The guide for overseas voters: https://www.ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/SVEEP/A%20guide%20for%20overseas%20elector%20How%20do%20I%20Vote.pdf
|
2024/09/11
|
|
Indonesia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Article 158(2): Voting as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be held at every representative office of the Republic of Indonesia at the same time as the polling time of the election in Indonesia or at the adjusted time.
Article 158(3): In the event that a voter is not able to cast his/her vote at the provided TPSLN, he/she may cast his/her vote via post addressed to PPLN at the local representative mission of the Republic of Indonesia.
Source:
Law 8/2012 on General Election of the Members of House of Representatives, People’s Representatives Council and Regional House of Representatives, Art. 158 (2, 3): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-8-2012-on-general-election-of-the/view
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
IFES: "Duality By Design: The Iranian Electoral System" (2011). Electoral Management Bodies https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/14620_2_R_Duality_by_Design__The_Iranian_Electoral_System_Yasmin_Alem.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
c. Special polling stations
|
Source:
Regulation No. 20, The System of Iraqi OCV of the Iraqi COR, Section 2(2a): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-regulation-no.-20-the-system-of-iraqi-ocv-of/view
|
2018/04/19
|
|
Ireland
|
e. By mail
|
The ballot paper to be sent to postal voters shall be in the same form as, and indistinguishable from, the ballot papers delivered to other electors.
Source:
Electoral Acts 1992 - 2011, Art. 14, 64-66:
http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/voting/registering_to_vote.html#l862a3
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
f) Merchant navy ships; Military camps.
Voting may take place earlier in special cases. Polling is held twelve days before election day in Israeli diplomatic mission and ships, while the votes of soldiers may be collected up to 72 hours before election day.
Consulate General of Israel in Los Angeles: https://embassies.gov.il/la/Pages/FAQ-Elections-in-Israel.aspx
Source:
Dr. Susan Hattis Rolef, The Knesset Research and Information Center
|
2019/06/13
|
|
Italy
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 27 December 2001, n.459, Art. 1
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2025/09/22
|
|
Japan
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
|
e) Only for those who are unable to reach the consulate.
Source:
Public Offices Election Act, Art.49:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100#1
|
2019/07/10
|
|
Jordan
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2016/08/05
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
At the representative offices of the Republic of Kazakhstan in foreign states, polling stations shall be created related to the electoral district on which territory the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic is located
Source:
Constitutional Law on Elections of the Republic of Kazakhstan as amended on June 29, 2018, art. 23: https://www.election.gov.kz/eng/election-legal-framework/the-laws-of-the-rk.php
|
2024/10/24
|
|
Kenya
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Kenya Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission website.
http://www.iebc.or.ke/index.php/news-archive/41-may-2012/79-iebc-outlines-roles-for-officials-in-diaspora-vote
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2024/11/26
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
g. No information available
|
Source:
International IDEA research, January 2007
|
2007/02/02
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Public Official Election Act, Article 218(1-9): https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Kuwait Times Official website: http://news.kuwaittimes.net/2012/11/20/no-voting-facilities-for-kuwaitis-staying-abroad-students-patients-affected/ (2013)
|
2013/01/18
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”, art. 2 (2), 14: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
g. No information available
|
Source:
Law No. 37/PO on the Election of Members of the National Assembly: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/28
|
|
Latvia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
f. Other
|
Electors residing in a foreign country at the time of the elections, shall cast their votes in person by arriving at the polling stations established by the Central Election Commission in the consulates of the Republic of Latvia as recommended by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, or vote by mail.
Source:
Electoral Law: The Saeima Election Law as in force on 19 July 2014, art. 43: http://cvk.lv/pub/public/30870.html?doc_print=1 (2014)
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Lebanese Elections Law art. 34: https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Law: National Assembly Election Order, art. 9G
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
f. Other
|
Source:
Law No. 4 on the Election of the General National Congress, Art. 29. (National Transitional Council of Libya): (Eng) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the-e/view (Arabic) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the/view
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
e. By mail
|
Voters studying or on short visits abroad retain their voting rights and can request voting materials to be mailed to them by the communes.
Source:
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Pricipality of Liechtenstein, Parliamentary Elections 7 February 2021, Needs Assessment Mission Report, 2020 (7)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/a/f/473469.pdf
|
2025/02/18
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Article 69. Polls Held on Ships
Article 70. Polls in Diplomatic Missions and Consular Posts of the Republic of Lithuania
Article 72. Polls in Military Units
Source:
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Elections to the Seimas (9 July 1992 No I-2721, as last amended on 22 March 2016 – No XII-2265)
art. 69, 70, 72
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/89e6d1a0f58111e5bf4ee4a6d3cdb874?jfwid=tu0odnkka
|
2020/06/05
|
|
Luxembourg
|
e. By mail
|
Article 169
Any voter admitted to vote by correspondence under the above provisions must notify the municipal council (Collège des bourgmestre et échevins) of their municipality of registration and request their invitation to vote via a simple letter.
The municipality of registration in Luxembourg is defined as:
The municipality of residence;
If not applicable, the municipality of the last residence;
If not applicable, the municipality of birth;
If none of these apply, the City of Luxembourg.
Article 170
The request must be made on plain paper or a pre-printed form obtainable from the local municipal administration. It must include:
The voter’s name, first name(s), date and place of birth, profession, and residence;
The address where the invitation to vote should be sent.
For voters residing abroad, a certified copy of their valid passport must be attached to the request.
The applicant must declare in writing, under oath, that they have not been deprived of their voting rights under Article 52 of the Constitution or Article 6 of the Electoral Law.
Source:
Electoral law, Art. 168-170 and 181: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/68/Luxembourg_electoral%20code_2003_amended2016_FR.pdf
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Art. 113-a (1) The voters who are temporarily employed or residing abroad on Election Day shall vote in the DCO, i.e. consular offices of the Republic of Macedonia abroad, one day prior to the Election Day in the Republic of Macedonia.
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments, article 113-a: https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Madagascar
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Organic Law n° 2012-005 on the Electoral Code, art. 84: http://mdm-national.mg/bureau/textes-reglementaires/textes-reglementaires/ (2013)
|
2013/02/11
|
|
Malawi
|
g. No information available
|
No provision is made for expatriates to vote.
|
2012/02/03
|
|
Malaysia
|
e. By mail
|
Postal voting - voters can send back ballot papers by mail
Source:
Official Press Release of the Election Commission: http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=el&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=ms&tl=en&u=http://www.spr.gov.my/images/stories/pdf/KENYATAAN_PTH.pdf&usg=ALkJrhh8XCuSjKGUdaGi-1-rqmPuDhXIwQ (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
g. No information available
|
Source:
|
2019/02/15
|
|
Mali
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
d. By proxy
|
Source:
Article 12 du Code Electoral.
Verified by Mamadou Seck, Forum Civil, [email protected], 2008-02-20
|
2008/03/28
|
|
Malta
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
General Elections Act, Art. 64: http://www.parlament.mt/general_election_act?l=1 (2012);
Official Website of the Election Commission: http://www.electoral.gov.mt/news.aspx?x=%2bhwnTRj%2bVUDs1xscjoUF65FS%2bjFGLPzPyCF2q%2fl2MYjvfC0sBnSHGQ%2bFSQM6vw0WZLib0jtkNylTIpL4RIBsIIHGlyPNrA4RcYk54dcBqR6RqojTApwuxQ%3d%3d (2013)
|
2013/01/18
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
Elections and Referenda Act, as amended, sec. 161. https://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1980/1980-0020/ElectionsandReferendaAct1980_5.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Martinique
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Mauritania
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
Organic Law No. 2012 - 033 amending certain provisions of the Organic Law n ° 2009-022 of 2 April 2009 laying down special provisions relating to voting of Mauritanians living abroad, art. 4, 13
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
d. By proxy
|
Source:
Electoral Law: National Assembly Elections Regulations, sec. 38
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mexico
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
f. Other
|
El ejercicio del voto de los mexicanos residentes en el extranjero podrá realizarse por correo, mediante la entrega de la boleta en forma personal en los módulos que se instales en las embajadas o consulados o, en su caso, por vía electrónica.
Source:
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 329 (2–3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Any citizen registered in the voters schedule living abroad has the right to cast his vote in referendum or election in the normal procedure or through electronic means according to the directives of the Minister of Justice and Islamic Affairs. They can elect in the Embassies, Consulates, or Diplomatic Mission.
Source:
Decree No. 14 of 2002 on Exercising Political Rights, art. 25: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-law-by-decree-on-exercising-political/view
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
Article 31. Peculiarities of Establishing and Operating Polling Stations and Precinct Electoral
Bureaus Abroad
(2) In parliamentary, presidential elections and republican referenda, one or more polling stations shall
be established within the diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Republic of Moldova for voters who
are abroad on the Election Day.
(3) Besides the polling stations referred to in paragraph (2), polling stations can be also organised in
other localities, with the consent of competent authorities of the respective country. The organisation of
these polling stations is carried out by the Central Electoral Commission, at the proposal of the Government,
in co-operation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration and with other central public
administration authorities
Source:
Electoral Code of The Republic of Moldova 2019, art. 31: 2-3.
|
2021/04/05
|
|
Monaco
|
d. By proxy
|
Source:
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002, Art. 43 bis; https://legimonaco.mc/tnc/loi/1968/02-23-839/
Decree no. 927 of 23/01/2007 laying down detailed rules for proxy voting, Art. 12
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Mongolia
|
a. Embassies
|
Article 88. Polling place and timing in foreign country
88.1. Polling in a foreign country shall be held in polling stations set up by the subcommission from 07:00 a.m. until 22:00 (8:00 p.m.) by the foreign country’s local time on the
polling day set by the State Great Hural.
88.2. The sub-commission shall announce the polling date, timing, and polling station
locations to the voters residing in the foreign country until the polling day.
88.3. The head of a diplomatic mission of Mongolia in a respective foreign country shall
ensure that polling stations have a number of voting booths adequate for the number of voters
to vote by secret ballot, that there is sealed stationary, and that mobile ballot boxes are set up 3
days prior to polling day.
88.4. A polling station shall have adequate number of voting booths that enable voters to
vote freely and by secret ballot.
88.5. Voters residing in a foreign country shall cast their votes using a ballot paper
printed by the central election authority.
88.6. The central election authority shall seal the ballot papers along with envelopes and
deliver them to the sub-commission through the central commission within at least 3 days prior
to the polling day in a foreign country.
88.7. The sub-commission shall receive ballot papers in the presence of all its members
and report thereon shall be prepared and signed.
88.8. The sub-commission shall seal and store ballot papers in a facility protected from
fires, floods and unforeseen dangers.
88.9. An election official who violated Articles 88.2 and 88.7 hereof shall be subject to a
fine in tugriks equal to six-fold to eight-fold of the monthly minimum wage.
Source:
Electoral Law of 2016, Art. 88 : http://gec.gov.mn/en/index.php?singlepage=23&&page=law (2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
h. Not applicable
|
Article 88: Voters staying abroad shall cast their votes at polling stations in the area of their last place of permanent residence in the territory of Montenegro before they went abroad.
Source:
LAW ON ELECTION OF COUNCILLORS AND MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, as amended 2016, art. 88
http://www.legislationline.org/topics/country/57/topic/6
|
2021/12/25
|
|
Morocco
|
d. By proxy
|
Article 72 (Translation): Voters registered on the general electoral lists residing outside the territory of the Kingdom can vote by proxy.
Source:
Organic Law No. 27.11 relating to the House of Representatives, Article 72 (2011): http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/0/lois/Loi_27-11_Fr.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Citizens who reside and have been registered abroad can exercise their voting rights at their Republic of Mozambique embassies and consulates.
Source:
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014), art. 10 (2), 11, 44 (6): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014).
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Namibia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
The objective for the Commission is to provide polling stations at all Embassies around the world except where the cost and time frame cannot allow such effort to take place.
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act,art. 73(2A)
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Nauru
|
d. By proxy
|
"A voter who is unable to be in Nauru to vote on polling day may vote by proxy by applying to the Electoral Commissioner for proxy voting authorisation."
Source:
Electoral Law 2016, Act. 73.(http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d83250a1ebdc56c1701fa7aa245af5b1.pdf).
|
2019/07/12
|
|
Nepal
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
House of Representative Member Electoral Act 2017 section 38 (1) http://www.election.gov.np/ecn/uploads/userfiles/pratinidhisabhasadasyanirwaachanain
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
d. By proxy
e. By mail
|
All voters, including those residing abroad, may appoint a proxy to vote on their behalf if they are unable to be present at a polling station. Citizens residing abroad may request a postal ballot.
Source:
Act of 28 September 1989 containing new provisions governing the franchise and elections (Elections Act): B6, J4a, J5, M, L, K;
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Netherlands/Netherlands_Elections%20Act_1989am2009.pdf
OSCE ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report, The Netherlands Parliamentary Elections 17 March 2021 (6)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/0/478501.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Caledonia
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.12 and 15-1.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
New Zealand
|
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
f. Other
|
The best way to vote from overseas is to download your voting papers from our website, complete them, then upload them. A link to download your voting papers will be available on this website from the date overseas voting opens
You may also be able to vote at an overseas voting place. A list of overseas voting places will be available on this website prior to the election.
If you’re enrolled to vote and you’re blind, partially blind or have another physical disability that prevents you from marking your voting paper without assistance, you’re eligible to vote by telephone dictation.
Source:
https://vote.nz/overseas/enrol-and-vote-from-overseas/vote-from-overseas/
|
2024/09/04
|
|
Nicaragua
|
f. Other
|
Even though the law states the possibility of personally voting from abroad at special polling stations, this has never actually taken to practice. However, it is established that for citizens abroad to exercise their right to vote, locations will be set up under the legal fiction of extraterritoriality.
Source:
Electoral Law No. 331 (as amended by law No. 790 of 23/05/2012), art. 122: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/SILEG/Gacetas.nsf/5eea6480fc3d3d90062576e300504635/e2ad62ab83ae684406257a08006aebbe/$FILE/Ley%20No.%20790.pdf (2012);
EU EOM Final Report, General and Parlacen Elections in Nicaragua, 2011: http://www.eueom.eu/files/dmfile/moeue-nicaragua-final-report-22022012_en.pdf (2012)
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code, art. 26 (3): http://www.electionpassport.com/files/Niger-Electoral-Code-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/03
|
|
Nigeria
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Niue
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution; Niue Assembly Act 1966, as amended.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
https://www.votecnmi.gov.mp/downloads/CEC_Regulation.pdf
Election commission regulations, section 30-10-210 (a)
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
f. Other
|
f.) Norwegian ships abroad.
Source:
Constitution, Art 50: http://www.stortinget.no/en/In-English/About-the-Storting/The-Constitution/The-Constitution/ (2012);
The Election Act, Ch. 8, Art. 8-1: http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/KRD/Kampanjer/valgportal/Regelverk/Representation_of_the_People_Act170609.pdf (2012);
Representation of the People Regulations, Ch. 6, Art. 28: http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/KRD/Kampanjer/valgportal/Regelverk/Regulations_2003_EN_170609.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Oman
|
a. Embassies
f. Other
|
The Ministry of Interior has announced the launch of a remote voting system for Omanis abroad.
The new system operates through application for smart mobile phones using SIM cards of telecommunication companies operating in the Sultanate.These cards must be enhanced with electronic authentication / attestation.
Source:
https://timesofoman.com/article/1603117/Oman/Government/Remote-voting-for-Omanis-abroad-in-Majlis-Al-Shura-polls
Inter-parliamentary Union: "OMAN Majles A'Shura (Consultative Council)" Legal Framework http://www.ipu.org/parline/reports/2378.htm (2015)
|
2025/05/12
|
|
Pakistan
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Election Act including 2023 amendments, art. 94: https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/2/Elections%20Act%202017%20updated/Updated%20Elections%20Act%202017-231011-105435.pdf
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Palau
|
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
|
Overseas polling places where established.
Source:
Voting Rights Act of 1981, as amended, Sec. 1524 & 1526 (23 PNCA §1524 & 1526).
|
2016/11/09
|
|
Palestine
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections, art. 30 (4): http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
Panama
|
e. By mail
|
Out-of-country votes are cast over the Internet.
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections, Section 98 (1.e): http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/olonalge519/ (2017)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Source:
TSJE Resolución 32/2013 por la cual se aprueba el Reglamento para el voto de paraguayos residentes en el extranjero para las elecciones generales de abril de 2013: http://tsje.gov.py/static/ups/legislaciones/2013-resolucion-tsje-55.pdf
|
2023/03/30
|
|
Peru
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law No. 26859 as amended by Law N° 29403 of 08-09-2009, Art 226, 239 (2):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/leyes-electorales/peru-ley-26859-organica-de-elecciones-2011/ (2016)
|
2016/02/18
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Source:
The Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003 No. 9189, Sec. 16, 17: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/ElectionLaws/OAV/RA9189 (2016)
|
2016/05/11
|
|
Pitcairn Islands
|
d. By proxy
e. By mail
|
"[18. A person who intends to be temporarily absent from the Island at the time of the election and who would if present be entitled to vote may, in accordance with the following conditions, apply for appointment of a named person as his or her proxy to cast a vote on election day on his or her behalf:
(a) The application for appointment of a proxy must be made in the form set out as appendix 1 to this
(b) The person sought to be appointed as proxy must
be on the Register of Voters.
(c) The application form must be signed and delivered
to the Island Secretary not earlier than 15 [October] in the year of the election nor later than 7 days before the election day.
(d) The form may be delivered by hand or by the electronic transmission of a scanned copy of the original form sent to the email address isec@ pitcairn.gov.pn (or such other email address as may be prescribed by regulations made under this Ordinance) and if delivered by electronic transmission must contain a return email address to which notification of approval of appointment may be sent.
(e) The Island Secretary must approve an application on the prescribed form if he or she is satisfied that the applicant is a person who if present would be entitled to vote and that the named proxy is on the Register of Voters.
(f) The Island Secretary shall advise the applicant if the application is approved, either in person (when or shortly after the application is delivered by hand) or by email (when the application is delivered in that manner).
(g) Not less than 2 days before election day the Island Secretary shall notify the [Recorders] in writing of the names of all persons in respect of whom a proxy vote has been approved (save in respect of appointments that were subsequently revoked in accordance with subparagraph (j) and (k)) and in each case shall name the person who is appointed proxy.
(h) On election day [a] Recorder shall distribute a voting card to each appointed and approved proxy and shall receive and record the vote of the proxy as if it were the vote of the person who appointed the proxy.
(i) A person’s appointment as a proxy under this section shall end when his or her proxy vote has been made, received and recorded in accordance with subparagraph (h). However, if for any reason that election were disputed in accordance with this Ordinance and a new election ordered, then the appointed proxy may vote in that new election without need for a further appointment unless his or her appointment as a proxy has been terminated in accordance with subparagraph (j).
The appointment of a proxy in accordance with this Ordinance may be revoked only in the following manner:
(i) when a Recorder has been appointed under s 16(5), by notice to the Recorder provided that such notice is given not later than 2 days before election day;
(ii) when a Recorder has not been appointed, by notice to the Island Secretary;
(iii) such notice must be signed and state that the person wishes to revoke the appointment of his or her proxy, and the notice shall either be delivered by hand (to Recorder or Island Secretary as applicable) or by way of a scanned copy sent by email to the address specified in subparagraph (d) above, or any replacement address that may be notified by regulations made under this Ordinance.
Any revocation of the appointment of a proxy shall be effective only upon its receipt by the Island Secretary or Recorder in accordance with subparagraph (j).]"
Source:
Laws of Pitcairn Chapter XI Local Government Ordinance, Part III, Article 18
http://www.government.pn/Laws/Cap%2011%20-%20Local%20Government%20Ordinance.pdf
|
2019/11/06
|
|
Poland
|
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
|
The minister responsible for foreign affairs, after consultation with the State Commission for
Elections, shall determine, by regulation, the manner in which the roll of voters referred to in § 1
is established, as well as how to notify authorities of the municipalities covered by the roll of
voters permanently residing people in the country and the manner of issuing declaration on the
right to vote, given the need to ensure the ability to verify the data contained in the roll of voters,
security of entry and processing of these data, their transmission and reception, and the principle
according to which a voter may be entered into the roll of voter only once.
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland, article 35: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
|
Article 42
Location of polling stations
Article 42-A
Polling stations are established as follows:
a) In consular posts and sections, including honorary consulates with powers to register voters, in the external delegations of Portuguese ministries and public institutions;
b) If strictly necessary, in other places where it is possible to ensure the oversight of electoral operations by delegates of at least two of the candidates.
Article 79-G
Voting by post by electors residing abroad
Source:
Law governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic Law no. 14/79 of 16 May 1979, Article 42, Article 42-A and Article 79-G:
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/LeiEleitoralARen.pdf
Voter portal:
https://www.portaldoeleitor.pt/pt/Pages/default.aspx
ORGANIZATION of the ELECTORAL PROCESS ABROAD, Decree-Law No. 95-C/76, of 30 January 1976:
https://www.cne.pt/sites/default/files/dl/legis_95-c-76-processo-estrangeiro-2012.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 9.36: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Art 18(8) Besides the diplomatic missions and consular offices of Romania,
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs shall organise one or more polling stations
for the electors with the domicile or residence outside the country. Besides
these polling stations, they may also organise, with the consent of the
government in the respective country, polling stations in other localities than
those in which the diplomatic missions or consular offices have their
premises. The electors having the domicile or residence in a state other than
Romania shall exercise their right to vote at one of the polling stations in
the country where they have the domicile or residence, set up under the
terms of the present title. The residence abroad is proved by any document
issued by the foreign authorities.*
(10) Romanian citizens with the domicile or residence in a state in which
there are no diplomatic missions or consular offices of Romania, and
where there is no possibility to organise a polling station, may express their
right to vote in any of the polling stations organised in the states being part
of the same uninominal college.**
Source:
Electoral Law: Law No. 35 of 13 March 2008 for the election to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, art. 18(8 & 10).
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4224/file/ROM%20Election%20Laws_en.pdf
|
2020/08/24
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
5. In places where voters, referendum participants temporarily stay (hospitals, sanatoriums, holiday hotels, detention centers for suspected or accused persons, and other places of temporary stay of voters), in remote areas and hard-to-reach areas, on ships at sea on the voting day and at polar stations, election precincts, referendum precincts may be formed within the periods established by Clause 2 of this Article, and in exceptional cases and upon approval of the superior commission, not later than in 3 days before the voting day. Such election precincts shall be included in electoral districts where the election precincts are located or where the ships are registered. At elections to bodies of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation, to bodies of local self-government, at a referendum of the subject of the Russian Federation, a local referendum, the law of the subject of the Russian Federation may prescribe a different procedure for assignment of precincts to electoral districts, referendum districts. In remote and hard-to-reach places, at ships that are at sea on the voting, at polar stations election precincts, referendum precincts may be formed by superior commission in coordination with the captain of the ship, the head of the polar station, heads of organizations located in hard-to-reach or remote areas.
(as amended by the Federal Law of July 21, 2005, No.93-FZ, of October 4, 2010, No.263-FZ)
Source:
Federal Law: "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum", article 19: https://legislationline.org/taxonomy/term/12320
|
2024/03/29
|
|
Rwanda
|
a. Embassies
|
Source:
Organic law N° 03/2010/OL of 18/06/2010 governing presidential and parliamentary elections, art. 31 (2), 177 - 186: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/ (2017)
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Réunion
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Saint Helena
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Elections Ordinance 2009, art. 4 (1): http://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/data/files/resources/561/Elections-Ordinance.pdf (2013)
|
2013/01/18
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Final report of the OAS on the 2010 General Election, p. 11: http://www.oas.org/sap/docs/DECO/2010/SAINT_KITTS_NEVIS_JAN_25_2010.pdf (2013)
|
2013/01/18
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
House of Assembly (Elections) Act, 1979: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/Lucia/lucia.html (2013)
|
2013/01/18
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
The Representation of the People Act, art. 34 (1): http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/StVincent/StV&Gr.html (2013)
|
2021/12/27
|
|
Samoa
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2021/04/10
|
|
San Marino
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996, Art. 4, 6, 36 bis: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990, as amended (latest amendment - 2006), art. 9, 72: http://www.stj.st/download/Lei_Eleitoral.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Code 2012, art. L.29 (4), L.322, L.347: http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Law on the Elections of Representatives of the Republic of Serbia, art. 73, 73a.
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/on-the-election-of-members-of-the-parliament/view
|
2017/03/15
|
|
Seychelles
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011) art. 114(1)(c)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
Elections Act Chapter 68A (1996). Section 5
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-electoral-act-1996/view
|
2025/03/03
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
g. No information available
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
The Public Elections Act (2012): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-the-public-elections-act-2012-1/
|
2017/01/16
|
|
Singapore
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Parliamentary Elections Act, article 36A:
"(2) The Returning Officer may, for the purposes of the poll at any election, approve the use of such premises within any embassy, High Commission, diplomatic mission or consulate of Singapore situated in any territory outside Singapore as he thinks practicable or suitable as an overseas polling station for overseas electors to cast their votes thereat."
Source:
Parliamentary Elections Act, art. 36A (2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
e. By mail
|
Section 34
Postal voting by electors who do not have permanent residence in the Slovak Republic
(1) An elector who does not have permanent residence in the Slovak Republic and who has been registered in the special electoral register pursuant to section 10 shall be sent by the city borough of Bratislava-Petržalka not later thirty-five days before polling day to his or her address of permanent residence abroad:
a) an envelope pursuant to section 28,
b) ballot papers,
c) a return envelope, and
d) instructions on how to vote.
Section 35
Postal voting by electors who have permanent residence in the Slovak Republic and who are outside its territory at
the time of the elections
(1) An elector with permanent residence in the Slovak Republic who will be outside its territory at the time of the elections may make a request in writing to vote by post to the municipality in which he or she has permanent residence. The request must be delivered not later than fifty days before polling day.
(2) The municipality shall send the elector not later than thirty-five days before polling day to his or her designated address of permanent residence abroad:
a) an envelope pursuant to section 28,
b) ballot papers,
c) a return envelope, and
d) instructions on how to vote
Source:
Act On Elections to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, Sections 34 & 35: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/slovakia-municipalities-election-law-1990/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Voters, who are abroad on Election Day because they have temporary or permanent residence there, may vote by post or through a diplomatic consular representative body of the Republic of Slovenia, provided that they have notified the Republic Electoral Commission not later than thirty days prior to Election Day, and that the country in which they are residing approves of such voting or that it is authorized by an international agreement.
Source:
National Assembly Election Act, article 82.
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
h. Not applicable
|
same as above
Source:
National Parliament Electoral Provisions Act (2010 Consolidated Version), sec. 34 (1)(a), 39 (1), 41: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-national-parliament-electoral-3/view (2019).
|
2019/03/01
|
|
Somalia
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/30
|
|
South Africa
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
South Africa: Electoral Commission of South Africa -- How to Register and Vote Abroad: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-commission-of-south-africa-1/view
|
2014/05/01
|
|
South Sudan
|
c. Special polling stations
|
Voting centers abroad for Southern Sudan referendum
Source:
Sudan Tribune Official Website: http://www.sudantribune.com/Voting-centers-abroad-for-Southern,37537 (2012)
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”, arts. 72 & 74: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/ [2016];
Royal Decree 605/1999 of April 16, about complementary regulations of the electoral processes: “Real Decreto 605/1999, de 16 de abril, de regulación complementaria de los procesos electorales”, art. 9”, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-codigo-de-derecho-electoral-2016/;
Royal Decree 1621/2007 of 7 December, regulating the voting of Spanish citizens residing temporarily abroad: “Real Decreto 1621/2007, de 7 de diciembre, por el que se regula un procedimiento de votación para los ciudadanos españoles que se encuentran temporalmente en el extranjero”, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-codigo-de-derecho-electoral-2016/
|
2025/04/24
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
h. Not applicable
|
There are no legislative provisions in this regard.
Source:
EU Final Observation Report of Sri Lanka's August 17 2015 Parliamentary Elections: http://www.eueom.eu/files/pressreleases/english/EUEOM_SriLanka_FinalReport_20151017.pdf
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
g. No information available
|
Source:
The National Elections Act 2008, art. 22 (3): http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
Suriname
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 1987, Art. 87 (1), 89 (2), 110, 111, 112: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/Sur/suriname.html (2012);
Final Report of the OAS Electoral Observation Mission for the General Elections in the Republic of Suriname on May 25, 2010: http://www.oas.org/es/sap/docs/deco/2010/SURINAME_%20MAY25_%202010_e.pdf (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Election Order, sec. 11(5).
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 2005, Ch. 7, Section 1, 11: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
d. By proxy
e. By mail
|
Source:
Official Website of the Swiss Chancellery, on How to Vote and Where: https://www.ch.ch/en/how-where-vote/(2014)
Electoral Law of 17 December 1976 regulating political rights, Art. 8: http://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19760323/index.html (2014)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
a. Embassies
|
|
2014/06/03
|
|
Tajikistan
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
Polling stations may be formed at representations of the Republic of Tajikistan in foreign states, sanatoriums, rest houses, hospitals and other in patient medical institutions, places of citizens residences located in remote and difficult access settlements, which are included in the constituencies in accordance with their location. The Central Commission for Elections and Referenda settles questions of attaching polling stations formed outside the Republic of Tajikistan, to constituencies.
Source:
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of July 26, 2014, articles 22, 24.
|
2016/06/14
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
The National Elections Act 2010: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/National_Elections_Act-Cap_343.PDF (2013)
|
2015/10/26
|
|
Thailand
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
e. By mail
|
Source:
Organic Act B.E. 2541 on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives and Senators, Sec. 84: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-organic-act-on-the-election-of-members-of/view
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
a. Embassies
|
Source:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 22: https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
Law n.º 6/2006 on National Parliament Elections with the 2012 amendments, art. 37-A: https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law-2006-06.pdf
https://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=17047&lang=en
|
2024/11/14
|
|
Togo
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Code No. 2000-07 as amended, art. 61: http://www.legitogo.gouv.tg/annee_txt/2007/Pages%20from%20jo_2007-007.pdf (2013)
|
2013/01/03
|
|
Tonga
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2014/11/21
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
h. Not applicable
|
Outside the country voting is not permitted.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Tunisia
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
c. Special polling stations
|
The diplomatic Tunisian groups and the Consulates outside the country make sure that the citizens residing outside the country vote.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda, art. 103: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014);
Official Website of the Independent High Authority for Elections, List of Polling Stations Abroad: http://www.isie.tn/index.php/fr/214-adresses-des-bureaux-de-vote-a-l-etranger.html (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
c. Special polling stations
|
Polling station located at customs gates.
Source:
Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers, art. 94: http://www.legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/1313/file/fc1948ff2445260c54d20269d70c.pdf
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Law on Elections of the President of Turkmenistan (2011), art. 11 (4), 12 (1);
Law of Turkmenistan on Elections of Deputies of the Mejlis of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 11, 12
|
2013/03/05
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
h. Not applicable
|
Out-of-country voting is not permitted.
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Ordinance”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-elections-ordinance-2018/ ;
Final Report of the Electoral Observation Mission conducted by the British Islands and Mediterranean Region (BIMR) of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA UK) between 8th and 18th December 2016: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-cpa-uk-bimr-eom-final-report-2016/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
Tuvalu
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Provisions (Parliament) Act as amended, art. 16-17, 21-22.
|
2012/06/19
|
|
Uganda
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 76: http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf (2016);
|
2016/02/08
|
|
Ukraine
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
f. Other
|
Voters can vote at the polling stations formed at the diplomatic missions and other official representations and consular offices of Ukraine.
Source:
The Law on Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine (latest amended in 2019), art. 22: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/4061-17
|
2019/03/12
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
the NCE also announced the availability of 118 polling stations outside the UAE in its embassies, consulates and diplomatic missions
Source:
https://www.arabianbusiness.com/politics-economics/428239-voting-centre-locations-revealed-for-uaes-fnc-election
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
d. By proxy
e. By mail
|
Source:
Representation of the People Act 1983, art. 19, Schedule 1, Art. 24, 40;
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2/contents
https://www.yourvotematters.co.uk/can-i-vote/overseas (2017)
|
2025/06/30
|
|
United States of America
|
e. By mail
|
Electors choosing to vote from abroad can cast absentee ballots by-mail.
Source:
Federal Voting Assistance Program, http://www.fvap.gov
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/while-abroad/voting.html
|
2024/10/15
|
|
Uruguay
|
h. Not applicable
|
Voting outside the country is not permitted.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 1, 77, 78: http://www.parlamento.gub.uy/constituciones/const004.htm#art73 (2012)
|
2012/10/31
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Article 10: Polling stations can be formed at diplomatic and other missions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries. To hold elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and deputies of the Legislative Chamber in a single electoral district on the basis of the party list, the Central Election Commission, on the proposal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, may establish polling stations at diplomatic and other missions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries. The issue of attaching a polling station formed outside the Republic of Uzbekistan to the corresponding territory shall be decided by the Central Election Commission.
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 2, Article 10: https://lex.uz/docs/4458857?ONDATE=26.06.2019
|
2024/08/22
|
|
Vanuatu
|
c. Special polling stations
d. By proxy
|
c) Special polling stations (specified in electoral roll) by proxy, plus one overseas polling station in Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Source:
Representation of the People Act, as amended, art. 5 & 34 (schedule 4, part.1(1)): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
|
2025/04/10
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
The National Electoral Council must issue reglamentations about this matter.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”, art. 124: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No: 63/2010/QH12, art. 58:
http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2016/06/20
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
g. No information available
|
|
2019/03/05
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
g. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
b. Consulates
|
Source:
Electoral Code, Article L.12 and L.15-1.
|
2009/07/05
|
|
Western Sahara
|
g. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
a. Embassies
b. Consulates
|
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001, art. 6 (a): http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
h. Not applicable
|
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
h. Not applicable
|
Source:
Electoral Act No. 11 of 1984 as amended, art. 68 (3)
http://www.temco.udsm.ac.tz/images/stories/Electral_Laws/ZANZIBAR-ELECTION-ACT-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
a. Embassies
e. By mail
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Act, art. 71. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZW/zimbabwe-consolidated-electoral-act-amended-2018/view
|
2018/10/31
|
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