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total countries/territories: 233
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| Country/Territory |
Answers |
Comments |
Verified |
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Afghanistan
|
b. Separate legislation
|
The Electoral Law of Afghanistan is a separate legislative document which was enacted in 2010. The legislation was brought into force under art. 79 of the Constitution of Afghanistan, which requires the endorsement of the President to establish new laws.
Source:
Electoral Law of Afghanistan: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/afghanistan-election-law-2014-english/view (2014).
http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf
|
2019/09/24
|
|
Albania
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, 1998.
The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania, dated 2 April 2015.
|
2017/05/17
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Algeria
|
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 103: http://www.joradp.dz/hfr/Consti.htm (2013);
Electoral law (Loi organique n° 12-01 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 relative au régime électoral): http://www.parliament.am/library/norelectoral%20law/aljir.pdf (2017);
Ordonnance n° 12-01 du 20 Rabie El Aouel 1433 correspondant au 13 février 2012 déterminant les circonscriptions électorales et le nombre de sièges à pourvoir pour l’élection du Parlement: http://www.joradp.dz/JO2000/2012/008/F_Pag.htm (2013);
Loi organique n° 12-03 du 18 Safar 1433 correspondant au 12 janvier 2012 fixant les modalités augmentant les chances d'accès de la femme à la représentation dans les assemblées élues: http://www.joradp.dz/JO2000/2012/001/F_Pag.htm (2013);
Official Website of the Algerian Ministry of Interior: http://www.interieur.gov.dz/Dynamics/frmCategory.aspx?html=14&s=23 (2013)
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2019/09/25
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American Samoa
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Revised Constitution of American Samoa, American Samoa Code Annotated Title 6 Elections Chapter 7 6.0701,
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2017/08/18
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|
Andorra
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral law: 28/2007 - "Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-electoral-law-2007/
|
2023/06/09
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Angola
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a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of 3 February 2010: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017);
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7Bc46fa0b3-c947-4440-ae92-5f1a3a275d8a%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/28
|
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Anguilla
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Anguilla Constitution Order 1982, Chapter 5. Anguilla Elections Act.
Source:
Anguilla Constitution Order 1982, Chapter 5. Anguilla Elections Act.
|
2015/02/24
|
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Antigua Constitution,Art. 38, 39, 40.4
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
Representation of the People Act
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/representation-of-the-people-act/view
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2014/06/04
|
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Argentina
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b. Separate legislation
|
National Electoral Law
Source:
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/ (2019);
Law for the Democratisation of political representation, transparency, and electoral equity: “Ley de Democratización de la representación política, la transparencia y la equidad electoral — Ley 26571”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-26571-democratizacion-transparencia-equidad-2019/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
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Armenia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
e. Other
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (2015),:http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/;
Electoral Code of 25 May 2016:
http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-REF(2016)042-e;
Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia (2003), art. 149-154.6:
https://www.unodc.org/res/cld/document/armenia_criminal_code_html/Armenia_Criminal_Code_of_the_Republic_of_Armenia_2009.pdf(2015);
Administrative Violations Code of the Republic of Armenia (1985), art. 40.1-40.12.
|
2015/12/01
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Aruba
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Mr. Hubert Maduro, President, Electoral Council of Aruba;
Elections Act: chapter 3.
|
2017/07/07
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|
Australia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Some electoral issues are covered in the Constitution and there are also regulations and administrative rules made under the Electoral Act. The conduct of elections and the behaviour of the EMB may also be governed by other legislation such as the Privacy Act.
Source:
Constitution of Australia: http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Constitution
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (amended in 2019): https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103/f85985f8-e256-4e11-ad31-884ed7f92224
Reference to Electoral Law (Australian Electoral Commission): https://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/australian_electoral_system/Electoral_Legislation.htm
|
2024/09/09
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Austria
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Both the Constitution and separate legislation govern the administration of elections.
Source:
Constitution of Austria
http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/au00000_.html
Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (1992)
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/6544
|
2012/05/29
|
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Azerbaijan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan including 2024 amendments: https://msk.gov.az/uploads/qanunvericilik/Election-Code-2024.pdf
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) including amendments: https://president.az/en/pages/view/azerbaijan/constitution
|
2024/11/12
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Bahamas
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Articles 67-70 of the Constitution of the Bahamas sets the conditions for elections, the number of constituencies and the establishment of a Constituencies Commission. All other laws relating to the elections are established in separate legislation known as the Bahamas Parliamentary Elections Act of 1992.
Source:
Constitution of the Bahamas, Art. 67-70
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahamas_2002?lang=en (2017)
Bahamas Parliamentary Elections Act
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BS/bahamas-parliamentary-elections-act-2012/view (2017)
|
2017/03/27
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Bahrain
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Decree No. 14 of 2002 on Exercising Political Rights, part 3, art. 17 (2):
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-law-by-decree-on-exercising-political/view
Decree No. 71 of 2014 on Electoral Constituencies: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/BH/bahrain-collection-of-electoral-laws-2014-in/view
The Shura and Representatives Councils Law 2002, art. 20: https://regulations-references-laws-s3-bucket.s3.me-south-1.amazonaws.com/public/_pdf-1705188185067.pdf
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017
|
2024/11/25
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Bangladesh
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution includes laws pertaining to elections, establishing an elections commission, qualifications of voters, conditions for an election and a validity clause for election laws.
All other legislation pertaining to the administration of elections is provided in separate documentation.
Source:
Constitution of Bangladesh: Part VII, Art. 119
|
2012/05/30
|
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Barbados
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The Constitution is supplemented by legislation such as the Representation of the People's Act 1985, and The Electoral Boundaries Commission (Review of Boundaries) Order, 1990.
Source:
Representation of the People's Act 1985.
The Electoral Boundaries Commission (Review of Boundaries) Order, 1990.
|
2011/07/28
|
|
Belarus
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
e. Other
|
Electoral Code, art. 2:
Legal basis of electoral system, of referendum is constituted by the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, this Code and other acts of legislation of the Republic of Belarus, resolutions of the Central Commission of the Republic of Belarus on Elections and Holding Republican Referendums.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 64–78: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ;
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 2: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
Belgium
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Article 62
The composition of the electoral colleges is regulated by the law.
Elections take place in accordance with the system of proportional representation that the law determines.
Voting is obligatory and secret. It takes place in the municipality, except in the cases determined by the law.
Article 63
§ 1. The House of Representatives is composed of one hundred and fifty members.
§ 2. The number of seats in each electoral district corresponds to the result of dividing the number of inhabitants of the electoral district by the federal divisor, which is obtained by dividing the number of the population of the Kingdom by one hundred and fifty.
The remaining seats are assigned to the electoral districts with the greatest surplus of population not yet represented.
§ 3. The distribution of the members of the House of Representatives among the electoral districts is determined by the King in proportion to the population. The number of inhabitants in each electoral district is established every ten years
by a census or by any other means defined by the law. The King publishes the results within six months.
Within three months of this publication, the King determines the number of seats to be assigned to each electoral district.
The new distribution is applied as of the following general election.
§ 4. The law determines the electoral districts; it also determines the conditions
required to be an elector as well as the way in which elections are conducted. However, the law determines special rules with a view to protecting the legitimate interests of French and Dutch-speaking people in the former province of Brabant. The provisions which establish these special rules may only be amended by a law passed by a majority as described in Article 4, last paragraph.
Article 67
§ 1. The Senate is composed of sixty senators, of whom :
1° twenty-nine senators appointed by the Flemish Parliament from among its members or from among the members of the Dutch linguistic group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region ;
2° ten senators appointed from among its members by the Parliament of the French Community ;
3° eight senators appointed from among its members by the Parliament of the Walloon Region ;
4° two senators appointed from among its members by the French linguistic group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region;
5° one senator appointed from among its members by the Parliament of the German-speaking Community ;
6° six senators appointed by the senators referred to in 1° ;
7° four senators appointed by the senators referred to in 2° to 4°.
§ 2. At least one of the senators referred to in § 1, 1° is to be legally resident in the
bilingual region of Brussels-Capital on the day of his election.
Three of the senators referred to in § 1, 2° are member of the French linguistic
group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region. As a departure from § 1, 2°,
one of these three senators must not be a member of the Parliament of the French Community.
§ 3. The Senate is composed of no more than two-thirds of senators of the same gender.
§ 4. When a list mentioned in Article 68, § 2 is not represented by senators respectively referred to in § 1, 1° or in § 1, 2°, 3° or 4°, the senators referred to in § 1, 6° or in § 1, 7° may be appointed by the Members of the House of Representatives who have been elected on the aforesaid list.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 62, 63, 67, 68;
Electoral Code
|
2017/06/30
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Belize
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Section 88–93: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act, Chapter 9”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-representation-of-the-people-act-2020/ ;
Referendum Law: “Referendum Act, Chapter 10”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-referendum-act-2020/ ;
Recall Law: “Recall of Elected Representatives Act, Chapter 9:01”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-recall-of-elected-representatives-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
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Benin
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BJ/benin-electoral-law-n-b0-2010-33-of-7-january-2011/view (2016)
Law No. 2010-35 of 21 December 2010 regulating the election of members of the National Assembly: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-legislatives-2011.pdf (2012);
Law 2005-26 of 6 August 2010 regulating the election of the President of the Republic: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-presidentielle-2011.pdf (2012);
Law n ° 2010-33 of 7 January 2011 setting general rules for the elections in the Republic of Benin: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-electorale-generale-pour-2011.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/05
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Bermuda
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution of Bermuda contains articles which pertain to the timing and necessity of elections. All other legislation on elections is found in the Parliamentary Election Act of 1978.
Source:
Constitution of Bermuda, Art. 51-55
The Parliamentary Election Act 1978
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2012/05/31
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Bhutan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The Constitution requires the establishment of an electoral commission and sets out the framework for citizens' rights to vote.
Additional details are provided in The Election Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan.
Source:
Constitution of Bhutan, Article 24: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
Election Dispute Settlement Rules and Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Election Commission of Bhutan (2018): https://www.ecb.bt/Rules/Disputeeng.pdf
Election of Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008: https://www.ecb.bt/wp content/uploads/2013/04/ElectionActEnglish.pdf
Media Coverage of Elections Rules and Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Election Commission of Bhutan (2018: https://www.ecb.bt/Rules/Media.pdf
National Referendum Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2008: https://www.ecb.bt/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/NationalReferendumActEnglish.pdf
Election Advertising Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Electoral Commission of Bhutan (2018): https://www.ecb.bt/Rules/Advertising.pdf
ECB Social Media Rules and Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Election Commission of Bhutan (2018): https://www.ecb.bt/Rules/SocialMedia.pdf
Media Coverage of Elections Rules and Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Election Commission of Bhutan (2018): https://www.ecb.bt/Rules/Media.pdf
Postal Ballot Rules and Regulations of the Kingdom of Bhutan, Election Commission of Bhutan (2018): https://www.ecb.bt/Rules/pb.pdf
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2024/08/27
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Bolivia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The electoral law is part of Constitution and specific electoral laws such as the Electoral Regime Law and Plurinational Electoral Body Law.
Source:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", arts. 205-212: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
Electoral Law; “Ley del Régimen Electoral — Ley 026-2010”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-ley-026-2010-regimen-electoral-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/09
|
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The national electoral law was amended in 2024.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
http://www.ccbh.ba/osnovni-akti/ustav/?title=preambula
Electoral Law: Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
https://www.izbori.ba/Documents/documents/ZAKONI/BiH_Election_Law_last_consolidated_version.pdf?v-4 (2024)
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Election Observation Mission Bosnia and HerzegovinaLocal Elections, 6 October 2024. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/7/3/576603.pdf
|
2025/06/23
|
|
Botswana
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of Botswana: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014);
Electoral Act of 1968 (as amended until 2012): http://www.iec.gov.bw/images/pdf/ElectoralAct.pdf (2014).
|
2014/10/24
|
|
Brazil
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
Election Law – Law No. 9,504, of September 30, 1997:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997
Political Parties Law – Law No. 9.096, of September 19, 1995:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-dos-partidos-politicos/lei-dos-partidos-politicos-lei-nb0-9.096-de-19-de-setembro-de-1995
|
2024/10/18
|
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
g. Not applicable
|
The Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; it passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; no time-frame for an election was announced. Legislation is not available for the elections to the Legislative Council.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 23: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013);
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html
|
2013/03/18
|
|
Bulgaria
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
a) Partially regulated in Constitution
b) Completely regulated in separate legislation in accordance with the Constitution; there is Election Code and also Direct Citizen Participation in Government Act.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
http://www.parliament.bg/en/const
Electoral Law: Election Code; Direct Citizen Participation in Government Act
http://dv.parliament.bg/DVWeb/showMaterialDV.jsp?idMat=82965
|
2014/10/02
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
b. Separate legislation
|
The Electoral Code governs national elections.
Source:
Constitution as amended in 2012, art. 82: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/constitution-revisee-juin-2012.pdf (2012);
Electoral Code as amended in 2015: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/Code_électoral_BF-Version_21.05.2015.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
Burma (Myanmar)
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of Myanmar: http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015);
The Pyithu Hluttaw Election Law: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Pyithu%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013);
The Amyotha Hluttaw Election Law: http://www.voanews.com/MediaAssets2/burmese/2010_08/Amyotha-Hluttaw-Electoral-Law-Eng.pdf (2013);
The Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw Election Law: http://www.altsean.org/Research/2010/Resources/Laws/Region%20Hluttaw%20or%20State%20Hluttaw%20Election%20Law.pdf (2013).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
Burundi
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Code: https://courconstitutionnelle.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Code-Electoral_30092024095027.pdf
Constitution: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Cambodia
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law on the Election of the Members of the National Assembly: http://ngocedaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tmp_11849-Draft-of-LEMNA-by-CNRP-CPP_March_08_2015132491924.pdf;
Law on Senate Election; https://www.nec.gov.kh/english/sites/default/files/law_of_senate_election.pdf
Law on the Election of Capital/Provincial, Municipality/District/Khan Councils;
Law on Elections of Commune Councils.
|
2023/10/11
|
|
Cameroon
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Code of 13 April 2012: http://www.assemblenationale.cm/index.php?option=com_wrapper&Itemid=82 (2012)
|
2012/08/09
|
|
Canada
|
b. Separate legislation
|
All rules and regulations for election administration are contained within the Canada Elections Act. Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms enshrines the right to vote and the right to be a candidate in an election to the House of Commons while section 2 enshrines a series of constitutional freedoms: of conscience and religion; of thought, belief, opinion and expression, including freedom of the press and other media of communication; of peaceful assembly; and of association.
Source:
Electoral Law: Canada Elections Act (2015)
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/PDF/E-2.01.pdf
Constitution Acts of Canada, 1867-1982
http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_E.pdf
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Art.2-3
http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/CH37-4-3-2002E.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Cape Verde
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 104 - 118, 140, 141, 142: http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016);
Electoral Law as amended by Law No 56/VII/2010: http://www.parlamento.cv/userfiles/image/site/Leis/Altera%20o%20C%C3%B3digo%20Eleitoral%20-%20texto%20integrante.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
Cayman Islands
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 60, 69, 70, 86, 88–93: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Act (2021 Revision)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-elections-act-2021-revision/ ;
Referendum Law 2012: “Referendum (Single-member Constituencies) Law 2012”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-referendum-law-2012/ ;
Referendum Law 2019: “Referendum (People-initiated Referendum Regarding the Port) Law 2019”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-referendum-law-2019/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
Central African Republic
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Law N° 09.016: http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Centrafrique/CODE_ELECTORAL-RCA-2-octobre-2010.pdf (2016);
Constitution: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=193706 (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
Chad
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Law N° 003/PR/2008 amended by law n° 008/PR/2009, law n° 007/PR/2010 and law n° 020/PR/2010:
https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Chad_Electoral%20code_2009_fr.pdf
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 008/PR/2005: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2005.pdf?lang=en (2016);
|
2019/04/23
|
|
Chile
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The electoral law is part of the Constitution of Chile, however there is an additional law "Constitutional Organic Law on Popular Voting and Scrutiny"
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
Servicio Electoral de Chile (SERVEL); Leyes. Dirección URL:
https://www.servel.cl/leyes/
|
2025/03/04
|
|
China
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution contains some clauses on the election of state officials however the majority of election law is found in separate legislation.
Source:
Constitution of the People's Republic of China (1982)
Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congress of the PRC (1979)
Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the PRC (1982)
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Cocos (keeling) Islands
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Some electoral issues are covered in the Constitution and there are also regulations and administrative rules made under the Electoral Act. The conduct of elections and the behaviour of the EMB may also be governed by other legislation such as the Privacy Act.
Source:
https://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/australian_electoral_system/Electoral_Legislation.htm
Commnwealth Electoral Act 1918, as amended on 8 March 2019: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00103
Australia's Constitution of 1901: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Constitution
|
2019/07/08
|
|
Colombia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 258-266, 103-109, 120, 152, 155, 170, 171, 176, 202: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016).
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-codigo-electoral-2016/ (2016).
Law 1475 of 2011: “Ley 1475 de 2011 sobre los partidos y movimientos políticos”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-ley-1475-de-2011-sobre-partidos-politicos/ (2011).
|
2024/12/12
|
|
Comoros
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law No 10-018/AU amending certain provisions of the electoral law of 14 January 2007
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/KM/comores-electoral-law-2010/view (2016)
|
2016/04/12
|
|
Congo (Brazzaville)
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2002);
Electoral Law of 24 November 2001: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2001)
|
2015/10/23
|
|
Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Loi électorale (2015): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/congo-kinshasa-rdc-loi-electorale-2015/
|
2016/11/03
|
|
Cook Islands
|
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution mandates which positions in government will rely on an electoral system, however separate legislation governs the administration of elections and the electoral process.
Source:
Teokoati Joseph, Chief Probation Officer, Probation Service - Ministry of Justice
|
2012/06/04
|
|
Costa Rica
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Although the National Constitution establishes the fundamental provisions regarding elections, there is a specific legislation to regulate the organization and the process of elections.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 3: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
Croatia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Croatia_2013?lang=en
Electoral Law: Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7663/file/Croatia_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_2003_am2015_en.pdf
Law on the Election of the Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-Government Units (2001).
Law on the Croatian Radio-Television (2001).
Law on List of Voters (1992).
Law on the Constituencies for the Election of Representatives to the House of Representatives of the Croatian State Parliament (1999).
Act on the State Electoral Commission of the Republic of Croatia (2006).
Electoral Code of Ethics (2007)
|
2020/07/02
|
|
Cuba
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 204–216: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley No. 135, de Revocación de los elegidos a los órganos del Poder Popular”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-135-revocacion-mandato-2020-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
Cyprus
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
While general guidelines related to elections are stated in the Constitution of Cyprus, some of the laws and regulations specific to each election are: the Law on the Election of members of the Chamber of Representatives (Law 72/1979); the Municipalities Law of 1985 (Law 111/85), the Communities’ Law of 1999 (Law 86(I)/1999) and the Law of the Municipalities and the Community Councils of 2004 (Law 98(I)/2004), that regulate local and regional elections; the Election of the Members of the European Parliament Law of 2004 (Law 10(I)/2004); and, the Law on Referendums of 1989 (Law 206/89).
Source:
Constitution:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-constitution-1960/ (2016).
--unsure if this is the most recent Constitution--below has amendments through 2013, though amendments have been made in 2016. A version is not publicly available.--
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cyprus_2013?lang=en
Nicoletta Charalambidou, Access to Electoral Rights. Cyprus, European University Institute, Italy, 2013:
http://eudo-citizenship.eu/admin/?p=file&appl=countryProfiles&f=1325-Cyprus-FRACIT%20.pdf (2016);
Evaluation Report on Cyprus on Transparency of Party Funding (2011):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/CY/cyprus-evaluation-report-on-cyprus-on-transparency/ (2016).
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Cyprus (North)
|
f. No information available
|
The Constitution of North Cyprus sets the conditions and terms for elections as well as candidacy, however most information is available in the elections act.
Source:
Constitution of Northern Cyprus, Art. 68
|
2012/06/07
|
|
Czech Republic
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Czech Republic of December 16, 1992 (Amended by Act No. 515/2002 Coll.)
Electoral Law: Act of Law 247/1995 Coll., on elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic (amended by 480/2006 Coll.)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en
Act 2000 - 130 on the Election to Regional Councils: ZÁKON o volbách do zastupitelstev krajů a o změně některých zákonů.
https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2000-130
Act 2001 - 491 on the Election to Municipal Councils: ZÁKON ze dne 6. prosince 2001 o volbách do zastupitelstev obcí a o změně některých zákonů.
Act of Law No. 424/1991 Coll., of October 2nd, 1991, on association in political parties and political movements, as amended by 342/2006 Coll.
https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2001-491
Decree No. 233/2000 Coll. Implement certain provisions of Act No. 247/1995 Coll. Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic and amending certain other Acts, as amended by Act No. 212/1996 Coll., The Constitutional Court published under No. 243/1999 Coll. and Act No. 204/2000 Coll., as amended by Decree No 80/2002 Coll. Decree No. 188/2002 Coll. Decree No. 401/2002 Coll. Decree No. 565/2002 Coll. and Decree No 251/2006 Coll.
Decree No 118/2006 Coll., Which determine the embassies, which will be the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of ballots delivered, and embassies, which will be sent a ballot paper for printing and reproduction of the transmission technology .
Decree No. 396/2003 Coll. Laying down more detailed conditions and how the composition and the composition of the deposit refund and reimbursement of election expenses in connection with the holding of elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic, as amended by Decree No. 345/2006 Coll.
Act No. 130/2000 Coll. Elections to regional councils and amending some laws, amended by Act No. 273/2001 Coll., Act No 37/2002 Coll., Act No. 230/2002 Coll. Act No. 309/2002 Coll., Act No 96/2005 Coll. and the Constitutional Court published under No. 283/2005.
Decree No. 152/2000 Coll. Implement certain provisions of Act No. 130/2000 Coll. Elections to regional councils and amending some laws, amended by Decree No. 401/2002 Coll. Decree No. 565/2002 Coll. and Decree No 251/2006 Coll.
Act No. 491/2001 Coll. Elections to municipalities and amending some laws, amended by Act No. 230/2002 Coll., Act No. 309/2002 Coll., Act No 96/2005 Coll. and the Constitutional Court published under No. 283/2005 Coll.
Decree No 59/2002 Coll. Implement certain provisions of Act No. 491/2001 Coll. Elections to municipalities and amending some laws, amended by Decree No. 401/2002 Coll. Decree No. 565/2002 Coll. and Decree No 251/2006 Coll.
Ministry of Finance Directive No. 124/1354/2002, V / CR, which governs the procedure for municipalities, counties and district authorities in the financing of elections to municipal councils, regional authorities and the Parliament of the Czech Republic, as amended by the Ministry of Finance dated 3 January 2003, No. 009/2002 124/123.
Ministry of Finance Directive of 11 March 2004 No. 124/42 055/2004, V / CR, which governs the procedure for municipalities and counties to finance the European Parliament elections.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Directive No. 227 J. 467/2002-FIO, the procedure and method of financing the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic abroad.
Act No 275 of 27 September 1995 on Elections to the Parliament of the Czech Republic and on the Amendment of Certain Other Laws
|
2023/09/14
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Code électoral (2015): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-code-electoral-2015/view
|
2016/11/30
|
|
Denmark
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The law governing elections is comprised of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act.
Source:
Constitution of Denmark
Parliamentary Elections Act of Denmark
|
2019/05/23
|
|
Djibouti
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
July 16, 1992: The Assembly to the standing committee promulgated the law, regulating the enjoyment the exercise of the right to vote and organizes the consultations of the people by referendum as well as the legislative and presidential elections.
Article 2: Suffrage is universal, direct, equal and secret.
Article 3: All Djiboutian nationals of both sexes aged 18 and enjoying their civil and political rights are electors.
Article 4: The exercise of the right to vote is subject to prior registration on an electoral list of the administrative district where the domicile or residence is located, except for derogation provided for by this law. Djiboutians residing abroad must, to be electors:
- Be registered with the consulate or the embassy of the Republic of Djibouti in the country of their residence.
- Be registered on the electoral list of the embassy responsible for the country of residence.
Article 5: The electoral list includes:
- all voters who have their domicile or residence in the district where they are
surveyed;
- those who are subject to compulsory residence in the district where they are registered in
as a civil or military official;
- those who, not fulfilling the conditions of age or residence indicated above
on the opening date of the registration period on the electoral rolls, complete them on the day fixed by the ballot.
Article 6: Must not be entered on the electoral list individuals convicted of a crime as well as those who have been sentenced for an offense to a firm prison sentence of more than three months or to a suspended prison sentence of more than one year. year, with the exception of convictions for the offense of recklessness.
Article 7: No one may be registered on several electoral rolls. At the time of a permanent change of residence, the elector registered on an electoral list immediately requests, within three months of this change, his deletion from this list and his registration in his new constituency of residence.
Article 8: A voter's card must be issued to any voter registered on the electoral list. The procedures for establishing and issuing this card as well as the period of its validity are defined by decree taken by the Council of Ministers.
Source:
Organic Law No. 1/AN/92 regulating Elections, as amended by Organic Law n ° n°16/AN/12/6: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-electoral-law-1992/view (2016)
Decree No. 2005-0024 / PR / MID on the composition and functioning of the National Independent Electoral Commission for Presidential Elections
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/DJ/djibouti-decret-no-2005-0024-pr-mid-portant/view
Constitution, Djibouti 1992 (rev. 2010),
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010?lang=en
and others:
La Loi Organique n°2/AN/93/3ème L modifiant la Loi Organique n°1/AN/92 du 29 octobre 1992 ;
La Loi Organique n°11 portant modification de l'article 40 de la Loi Organique n°2/AN/93 et de l'article 41 de la Loi Organique n°1/AN/92 relative aux élections ;
La Loi Organique n°12/AN/07/5ème L modifiant et complétant la Loi Organique n°1/AN/92 relative aux élections ;
La Loi Organique n°13/AN/10/6ème L modifiant la Loi Organique n°1/AN/92 relative aux élections ;
La Loi Organique n°14/AN/11/6ème L du 04 juin 2012 modifiant la Loi Organique n°1/AN/92 relative aux élections
|
2023/07/11
|
|
Dominica
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Some provisions regarding the Constituency Boundaries Commission and the Electoral Commission are embodied in the Constitution. Nevertheless, specific regulations exist on administrative provisions and procedures for elections: House of Assembly (Elections) Act and Registration of Electors Act, as well as subsidiary legislation: House of Assembly (Elections) Regulations and Registration of Electors Regulations.
Source:
Dominica Elections Act No. 14 of 1951: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-elections-act-1951/view (2014).
Constitution of Dominica (1978): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
Electoral Office of Dominica, Official Website - Legislation: http://electoraloffice.gov.dm/legislation-2 (2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
Dominican Republic
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The basic provisions about the electoral regime are embodied in the Constitution, but a separate and specific legislation details all aspects related to the preparation, organization and surveillance of elections, including the legal regime of political parties (Electoral Law). The Electoral Law entitles the electoral management body (JCE) to dictate all the measures it deems adequate for the smooth development of the electoral processes.
Source:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019);
Ley No. 136-11 que regula la votación desde el exterior
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-no.-136-11-que-regula-el/ (2016)
|
2020/02/04
|
|
Ecuador
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The Organic Law on Elections and Political Organizations, also referred to as Democracy Code, rules over electoral issues.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 217–224: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Electoral y de Organizaciones Políticas de la República del Ecuador, Código de la Democracia”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-codigo-democracia-2023/ ;
Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
Egypt
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Election of the President of the Republic or the House of Representatives shall take place as regulated by Law.
Source:
Presidential Decree No. 22/2014, on the Regulation of the Presidential Elections, chapt. 1, art. 1: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/preselect-22_2014_en.pdf;
Presidential Election Law (08/03/2014): http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?CatID=2803#.U39avPldXTo (2014);
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 140. 143, 230:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/23
|
|
El Salvador
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The basic provisions about the electoral regime are embodied in the Constitution, but a separate and specific legislation details all aspects related to the preparation, organization and running of elections, including the legal regime of political parties (Electoral Law).
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 77–82, 269: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/ ;
Political Parties Act: "Decreto No. 307 — Ley de Partidos Políticos": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/ ;
Law on Independent Candidates to Legislative Elections: “Decreto No. 555 — Disposiciones para la postulación de candidaturas no partidarias en las elecciones legislativas”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-postulacion-candidaturas-no-partidarias-2019/ ;
Law on Out of Country Voting: “Decreto No. 273 — Ley especial para el ejercicio del voto desde el exterior en las elecciones presidenciales”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-ley-especial-voto-exterior-2018/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
Source:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011, art. 56 (3), 82, 84 (3);
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Equatorial_Guinea_2012?lang=en
Presidential decree No. 40/ 2013 of 28 March 2013: http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/imgdb/2013/DecretoNum.40_2013%281%29.pdf (2016);
Law No. 7/2012 of 16 November 2012 regulating elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, municipal elections and referenda
|
2016/05/03
|
|
Eritrea
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution, art, 57
|
2011/06/21
|
|
Estonia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Riigikogu Election Act: § 15:
(3) The National Electoral Committee shall issue regulations in the cases prescribed in subsection (4) and (5) of this section. The Chairman shall sign the regulations of the National Electoral Committee. Regulations enter into force on the third day after publication in the Riigi Teataja.
(6) The National Electoral Committee shall adopt a resolution in order to resolve an individual issue within the competence of the National Electoral Committee. The resolution shall be signed by the Chairman of the Committee. The resolution shall enter into force upon signature thereof.
(7)Regulations, resolutions and instructions of the National Electoral Committee shall be binding on county electoral committees, the Electronic Voting Committee and voting district committees.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia with latest amendment on 6 May 2015.
Electoral Law: Riigikogu Election Act as amended on 13 April 2016.
Electoral Law: President of the Republic Election Act, passed on 13 June 2012.
Electoral Law: Local Government Council Election Act as amended on 6 July 2016.
|
2019/02/19
|
|
Ethiopia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution;
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”, Section 27: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
Electoral Law: “Electoral Ordinance 1988”, Section 6: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-electoral-ordinance-1988/ ;
Referendum Law: Referendum (Single Constituency) Ordinance 2020”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-referendum-2020/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
Faroe Islands
|
b. Separate legislation
|
The electoral law governing elections in the Faroe Islands is drawn from the Parliamentary Act on Home Rule in the Faroe Islands. This act, which specifies the structure of Faroese autonomy. While this act provides the backbone for the electoral structure, further regulations are found in the 1978 Faroese General Election Act, as amended.
Source:
Parliamentary Act on Home Rule in the Faroe Islands; 1978 Faroese General Election Act, as amended.
|
2012/07/09
|
|
Fiji
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
Source:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
Electoral Decree No. 11 of 2014: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-electoral-decree-no.-11-of-2014/at_download/file (2014).
Political Parties (Registration, Conduct Funding, and Disclosures) Act of 2013
https://www.feo.org.fj/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Political-Parties-Registration-ConductFunding-and-Disclosures-Act-2013-No-4-of-2013.pdf
Electoral (Registration of Voters) Act of 2012
https://www.feo.org.fj/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Electoral-Registrationof-Voters-Act-2012-No-54-of-2012.pdf
|
2018/04/18
|
|
Finland
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012);
Election Act 714/1998 as amended;
http://www.legislationline.org/documents/action/popup/id/5672
Act on a Candidate’s Election Funding
http://www.legislationline.org/search/runSearch/1/key/election/country/32/rows/10
The Municipalities Act (365/1994)
Act on Political Parties (10/1969)
https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1969/en19690010_19920653.pdf
|
2019/04/02
|
|
France
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution Art.20-32: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
Electoral Code: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do;jsessionid=F68B3CF06BA941E48270531A7F396845.tplgfr23s_1?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070239&dateTexte=20200617
|
2020/06/21
|
|
French Guiana
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion) elects candidates to the French Senate and House of Representatives. The overseas departments follow the same rules as the metropole regarding the organization of the elections. They do however enjoy certain specificities concerning electoral expenditure : certain travel expenses of the candidates are not taken into account in the ceiling of candidates' election expenses (article L.52-12 of the electoral code). Besides, the French Parliament is discussing a bill which would allow elections to be held on Saturday in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guiana (because of the time lag, people from these departments knew the results of the elections in the metropole before they voted).
Source:
Anne Renault, Department of elections and political studies, Ministry of Interior, France
|
2007/01/14
|
|
French Polynesia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
I.e: enshrined in the Constitution, also the subject of the separate legislation entitled "Electoral Code".
Source:
Constitution and Electoral Code.
|
2006/11/29
|
|
Gabon
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law No. 7/96 of 12 March 1996 establishing common rules for all political elections, with all the subsequent amendments
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GA/gabon-code-electoral-2005/view
(2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Gambia
|
a. Part of Constitution
c. Decree
|
Source:
Constitution:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
Elections Decree 78 of 1996:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-elections-decree-78-of-1996/view
(2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
Georgia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
National elections are governed by the Constitution, the Election Code of Georgia, and supplementary rules administered by the Central Electoral Commission.
Source:
Constitution of Georgia: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
The Election Code: matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/1557168?publication=87&scroll=0
|
2024/07/18
|
|
Germany
|
a. Part of Constitution
c. Decree
|
The Constitution contains certain clauses on elections(Art. 38 – 48), however separate elections legislation exists.
Source:
Doreen Namislo, Bundeswahlleiter (Federal Returning Office)
Constitution of Germany, Art 38-48
Federal Elections Act, 1993
|
2021/11/16
|
|
Ghana
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Public Elections Regulations, 2016:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-public-elections-regulations-2016/view
|
2016/09/21
|
|
Gibraltar
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Constitution:
"(2) The Governor shall dissolve the Parliament not later than the expiration of four years from the date when the House of Assembly first met after the last general election before the appointed day.
(3) The Legislature shall enact a law providing for the election of seventeen or more Elected Members of the Parliament at the next general election after the appointed day, and until that election section 25(2)(b) of the Constitution shall have effect as if the reference therein to seventeen Elected Members were a reference to fifteen Elected Members."
Parliament Act:
"AN ACT TO GOVERN ELECTIONS TO THE GIBRALTAR PARLIAMENT, THE POWERS AND PRIVILEGES ATTACHING TO THE PARLIAMENT AND THE PENSIONS PAYABLE TO MEMBERS OF THE PARLIAMENT."
Source:
Constitution, Annex to the Order 2, Article 4 (2,3)
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/constitution/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006.pdf
Parliament Act Number 1950-15
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/articles/1950-15o.pdf
|
2019/11/04
|
|
Greece
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
a) Constitution, art. 51 - 54
b) Law 3231/2004 as amended by Law 3636/2008
|
2015/02/04
|
|
Greenland
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution of Denmark includes an article which mandates that two members of National Parliament must be selected from Greenland, however it does not include the terms for such election. Section 32 and 86 provide that Greenland will have its own legislation for elections to National Parliament and the Parliament of Greenland.
Source:
Constitution of Denmark, Section 32, Sub. 5
|
2012/06/14
|
|
Grenada
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution, part 1 - section 29-35, part 3 - section 53, part 4 54-56.
Electoral law of 1958
|
2011/07/31
|
|
Guadeloupe
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion) elects candidates to the French Senate and House of Representatives. The overseas departments follow the same rules as the metropole regarding the organization of the elections. They do however enjoy certain specificities concerning electoral expenditure : certain travel expenses of the candidates are not taken into account in the ceiling of candidates' election expenses (article L.52-12 of the electoral code). Besides, the French Parliament is discussing a bill which would allow elections to be held on Saturday in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guiana (because of the time lag, people from these departments knew the results of the elections in the metropole before they voted).
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Guam
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The U.S. Constitution and other U.S. election laws that apply to the general elections in the United States apply to Guam, since the President of the United States is the Head of State of Guam. The election of the Governor of Guam has been updated and is reflected in the 2019 Guam Statutes. Members of the Legislature of Guam are elected according to US Code 48 Ch. 8A.
Source:
U.S. Constitution, Article 2 ;
2019 Guam Statutes:
https://law.justia.com/codes/guam/2019/ ;
https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3113/ ;
48 U.S. Code Ch. 8A:
https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title48/chapter8A&edition=prelim ;
|
2020/10/28
|
|
Guatemala
|
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution has a few provisions on electoral matters, however there is a specific legislation (Electoral and Political Parties' Law), along with its own set of rules, which regulates all issues related to the electoral administration, including the regime of political parties.
Source:
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral y de Partidos Políticos”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/guatemala-lepp-y-reglamentos-2023/
|
2023/05/29
|
|
Guinea
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Code No. 91/012/CTRN: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-electoral-code-2010/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Law of 11 November 2009 on the election of the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly ("Lei Eleitoral Para Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular"): http://www.cne-guinebissau.org/phocadownload/lei_eleitoral.pdf (2012);
Law No. 2/98 on voter Registration ("Lei do Recenseamento Eleitoral"): http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/legislacao/lei-do-recenseamento-eleitoral/ (2012);
Law No. 2/91 on Political Parties ("Lei quadro dos Partidos Políticos"): http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/legislacao/lei-quadro-dos-partidos-politicos/ (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
Guyana
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Some aspects are covered by Guyana's Constitution and the rest are in different pieces of legislation including the Election Laws Act of 1996 and the Representation of Peoples Act of 1964
Source:
Constitution, articles 59-79.
Guyana Election Laws Act
Representation of the People Act
Representation of the People (Adaptation and Modification of Laws) Act
|
2015/05/11
|
|
Haiti
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Le Moniteur sous la direction de Beauzile, Fritzner, « Loi électoral », http://haitijustice.com/pdf/legislation/loi-electorale-haiti-2013.pdf, 168ième année No. 229, 2013.
|
2015/04/08
|
|
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
e. Other
|
e) Religious legal system: the Supreme Pontiff (Pope) is elected according to Canon Law
Source:
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001, Art. 1 (2): http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
Honduras
|
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The Constitution includes a chapter related to electoral procedures; however the electoral law is the one that details all related issues to the organization and supervision of the electoral processes. Besides, there is a Special Law for the exercise of suffrage of Honduran citizens living abroad.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Honduras (2009)", art. 51–58: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 286: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/ ;
Law for Voting Abroad: “Ley especial para el ejercicio del sufragio de los hondureños en el exterior (2001)”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-especial- voto-en-el-exterior-2001/ ;
Political Financing Law: “Ley de financiamiento, transparencia y fiscalización a partidos políticos y candidatos”, art. xx–xx: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-financiamiento-pp-pp-2021/ ;
Direct Democracy Law: "Ley de mecanismos de participación ciudadana (2013)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-democracia-directa-2013/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
Hong Kong
|
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
This information refers to the electoral arrangements in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Thus the term national election does not mean national elections in the People's Republic of China but the elections in Hong Kong. Elections in Hong Kong are held in accordance to the Legislative Council Ordinance.
Source:
Legislative Council Ordinance (CAP542): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-legislative-council-ordinance-cap-542
|
2021/06/07
|
|
Hungary
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
The basic principles and regulations are found in the Fundamental Law of Hungary, Act CCIII of 2011 on the Elections of Members of Parliament of Hungary and the Law on the Electoral Procedure. Some technical question is regulated by decrees and administrative measures.
Acting within its competence, the Government shall adopt decrees by statutory
authorisation on any matter not regulated by an Act.
Source:
Electoral Law: Act C of 1997 on Electoral Procedure, last modified on 6 May 2010, Articles 132-146:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/HU/hungary-act-c-of-1997-on-electoral-procedure-2016;
Electoral Law: Act CCIII of 2011 on the Elections of Members of Parliament of Hungary: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=142940.283327;
Constitution: The Fundamental Law of Hungary, The State, Articles 8, 10-12: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953;
Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure:
http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=159995.329468.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
Iceland
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Both the Constitution and separate legislation prescribe the terms and conditions for elections.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Iceland, 2013
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iceland_2013?lang=en
Parliamentary Elections Act, 2000
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/3897/file/Iceland_Act_Parliamentary_Elections_to_Althing_2000_en.pdf
|
2020/07/27
|
|
India
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The Constitution is supplemented by the laws of Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act 1950, dealing mainly with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, and the Representation of the People Act 1951, that takes into account all aspects of the conduct of elections and post-election disputes. In addition, the process is regulated by orders issued by the Election Commission of India.
Source:
The Constitution of India: https://lddashboard.legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI...pdf
The Representation of the People Act, 1950: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-representation-of-the-people-act-1950/view
Amendment to the Representation of the People Act, 1950: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-representation-of-the-people-act-amendment/view
The Representation of the People Act, 1951: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/index_html?filter&topic=&country=India&type=Laws%20and%20Regulations
Amendment to the Representation of the People Act, 1951: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-representation-of-the-people-act-amendment-1/view
|
2024/06/13
|
|
Indonesia
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law 8/2012 on General Election of the Members of House of Representatives, People’s Representatives Council and Regional House of Representatives: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-law-8-2012-on-general-election-of-the/view
|
2024/01/31
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Presidential Electoral Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Elections Act of Islamic Consultative Assembly
Source:
Presidential Electoral Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran: https://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/4748_5_O_Iran_Electoral_Law_on_Presidential_Elections_10.pdf
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989
Elections Act of Islamic Consultative Assembly: https://www.refworld.org/themes/custom/unhcr_rw/pdf-js/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Flegacy-pdf%2Fen%2F1999-11%2F4c35cba22.pdf
|
2024/11/19
|
|
Iraq
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Law of the Iraqi Parliament: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/iraq-electoral-law-of-the-iraqi-parliament-2013/view
|
2018/04/15
|
|
Ireland
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution; https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
Electoral Acts 1992: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1997/act/25/enacted/en/print#sec5
|
2024/11/21
|
|
Israel
|
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The electoral law is included in the Basic Law of the State of Israel as well as in separate legislation pertaining to elections to the Knesset as well as the Presidency
Source:
BASIC LAW: THE PRESIDENT OF THE STATE(5724 -1964): https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawThePresident.pdf
BASIC LAW: THE GOVERNMENT (5761 - 2001): https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawTheGovernment.pdf
BASIC LAW: THE KNESSET (5718 - 1958) : https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawTheKnesset.pdf
The Knesset Election Law (Combined Version), 5729, 1969
The Parties Law, 5752, 1991
The Political Party Funding Law, 5733, 1973
|
2019/05/01
|
|
Italy
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution sets out the fundamental principles. Then, Parliamentary laws regulate the practical and procedural issues.
Source:
Constitution, Art. 56:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en
Electoral Law: "Testo Unico delle Leggi Elettorali"
https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.del.presidente.della.repubblica:1957-03-30;361!vig=
|
2020/07/18
|
|
Jamaica
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution Art. 37-38. Representation of the People Act
|
2025/09/18
|
|
Japan
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Public Offices Election Act/ Order for Enforcement of the Public Offices Election Act/ Ordinance for Enforcement of the Public Offices Election Act
Source:
Constitution, Art. 47: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html;
Public Offices Election Act:https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=325AC1000000100
|
2019/07/09
|
|
Jordan
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The 2016 Parliament Elections Law No. 6: http://www.entikhabat.jo/sites/default/files/ElectionNo6-2016.pdf
|
2016/08/01
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The legal framework for elections includes the Constitution, the Constitutional Law on Elections, and regulations of the Central Election Commission (CEC).
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan amended as of June9, 2021:
https://www.akorda.kz/en/constitution-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-50912
|
2024/10/17
|
|
Kenya
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution is the Supreme source of Electoral law
Source:
The Constitution of Kenya, Chapter 7
Elections Act of 2011
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Kiribati
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution of Kiribati contains clauses pertaining to Legislative elections, however the administration of elections is governed by separate legislation.
Source:
Constitution
Elections Ordinance
|
2020/05/01
|
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
a. Part of Constitution
|
The terms and conditions of elections are included in the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
Source:
Constitution of DPRK
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Korea, Republic of
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Korea: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?lang=ENG&hseq=1
Public Official Election Act: https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
Political Parties Act: https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
Political Fund Act: https://www.nec.go.kr/site/eng/ex/bbs/List.do?cbIdx=1280
|
2024/08/28
|
|
Kuwait
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law No. 35 of 1962 on the election of members of Parliament with its amendments: http://www.gcc-legal.org/mojportalpublic/LawAsPDF.aspx?opt&country=1&LawID=2687#Section_3508 (2013)
|
2013/01/31
|
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitutional Law No 68 of 2011 (amended 2020) “On elections of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic and deputies of Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic”: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a1/KYRG_Const%20Laww%20on%20Elections%20of%20President%20and%20MPs.pdf
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2021): https://constsot.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/constitution-of-the-kyrgyz-republic.pdf
Constitutional Law on Referendum in Kyrgyz Republic 2016 (amended in 2019): https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/d2/KYRG_Const%20Law%20on%20Referendum.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law No. 37/PO on the Election of Members of the National Assembly: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Law-on/view
|
2021/02/17
|
|
Latvia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Electoral Law: The Saeima Election Law as in force on 19 July 2014: http://cvk.lv/pub/public/30870.html?doc_print=1 (2014)
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia as amended on 8 April 2009: http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/4777/file/Latvia_Constitution_am2009_en.pdf (2014)
Electoral Law: The Election Law On City and Town Councils, District Councils and Pagasts Councils as amended in 2004
Law: Voters’ Register Law, adopted on January 22, 2004.
Law: Law on the Central Election Commission as amended on 6 May 2010.
Instruction on counting of votes in the Saeima election (3 June 2010), amended on 2 October 2010.
Instruction on operation of the polling station commissions during the Saeima elections (3 June 2010).
|
2014/10/09
|
|
Lebanon
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution, art. 24: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
Parliamentary Election Law No. 44 of 2017:
https://elections.gov.lb/getattachment/00bbe177-0eec-4f8a-a4df-e47c7e19b4de/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%28PDF%29.aspx%20(2017)
https://www.ministryinfo.gov.lb/en/22598
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Lesotho
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The key legislative items are:
Constitution of Lesotho 1993 and amendments.
National Assembly Electoral Act (2011).
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Lesotho, art. 66-66D;
National Assembly Electoral Act (2011)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
Liberia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Regulations issued by the National Elections Commission
Source:
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
NEC Guidelines and Regulations, http://www.necliberia.org/document.php?&a4705305cd27e04fb1f66830e7e0ef9d=Mg%3D%3D
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Law No. 4 on the Election of the General National Congress. The Constitutional Declaration. (Transitional National Council of Libya).
Source:
Law No. 4 on the Election of the General National Congress: (Eng) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the-e/view (Arabic) http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LY/libya-law-no.-4-of-2012-on-the-election-of-the/view
The Constitutional Declaration, Art. 30 (National Transitional Council of Libya): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_2011
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
e. Other
|
The electoral legal framework comprises the 1921 Constitution (amended in 2003), the 1973 Citizens Political Rights Act (lastly amended in 2012) and three government instructions (re-issued before each election).
Source:
OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Principality of Liechtenstein, Parliamentary Elections 9 February 2025, Needs Assessment Mission Report, 13-14 November 2024 (4)
https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/e/5/584721.pdf
|
2025/02/20
|
|
Lithuania
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Provisions regarding national elections could be found in the Constitution, separate electoral laws, degrees of Seimas or decisions of the Central Electoral Committee.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (25 October 1992, as last amended on 25 April 2006)http://www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm
Republic of Lithuania, Law on the Elections to the Seimas (9 July 1992, as last amended on 22 March 2016 – No XII-2265)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/89e6d1a0f58111e5bf4ee4a6d3cdb874?jfwid=tu0odnkka
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Presidential Elections (22 December 1992, as last amended on 6 November 2012 – No XI-2334)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/e8906340104611e5b0d3e1beb7dd5516?jfwid=9tq147o4x
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Elections to the European Parliament (20 November 2003 No IX-1837, as last amended on 16 June 2015 – No XII-1797)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/582c216018e611e5bfc0854048a4e288?jfwid=191fum7scn
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Elections to Municipal Councils (7 July 1994 No I-532, as last amended on 30 June 2016 – No XII-2582)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/e4f48cc2526711e698d88208478a76a2?jfwid=-wd7z81870
Republic of Lithuania Law on the Central Electoral Commission (20 June 2002 No. IX-985, as last amended on 18 November 2014 – No XII-1339
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/ea463d10f30311e3a8c1a1dee39661ca?jfwid=rivwzvpvg
Republic of Lithuania, Law on Referendum (4 June 2002 No IX-929, as last amended on 6 May 2014 — No XII-860)
https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/7b65c002233a11e6acbed8d454428fb7?jfwid=nz8qn8fey
Decree of Seimas: Dėl balsavimo internetu rinkimuose ir referendumuose koncepcijos patvirtinimo;
|
2020/06/07
|
|
Luxembourg
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution; https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
Electoral law: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/68/Luxembourg_electoral%20code_2003_amended2016_FR.pdf
Financing of Political Parties: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/b9/Lux_Political_parties_Financing_asof2012.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia
Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia
Law on Referendum and other forms of direct vote of citizens
Law on Political Parties
Law on Financing Political Parties
Source:
Electoral Code of the Republic of Macedonia including 2021 amendments: https://www.ifes.org/document/northmacedoniaelectoralcodeupdatesseptember2021pdf
Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia
https://www.sobranie.mk/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-macedonia-ns_article-constitution-of-the-republic-of-north-macedonia.nspx
Law on Referendum and other forms of direct vote of citizens:
https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a9/NMAC_on%20referendum.pdf
Law on Political Parties: https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1158157/1226_1381487580_fyrom-law-on-political-parties-2008.pdf
Law on Financing Political Parties: https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1100019/1226_1424430044_2012-11-24-law-financing-political-parties-en.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
Madagascar
|
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
Source:
Organic Law No. 2012-016 regulating legislative elections: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/loi%20_n-2012-016_%20elect_%20legis.pdf (2013);
Organic Law No. 2012-015 regulating presidential elections: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/loi%20_n-2012-015_elect_%20pres.pdf (2013);
Organic Law n° 2012-005 on the Electoral Code: http://mdm-national.mg/bureau/textes-reglementaires/textes-reglementaires/ (2013)
|
2013/02/08
|
|
Malawi
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Malawi, Electoral Law: Presidential, Parliamentary and Local Government Elections Act, Electoral Law: Electoral Commission Act and Electoral Law: Political Parties ACT.
Malawi Electoral Laws. http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MW/malawi-electoral-laws-2019/view
2023 Revised Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MW/malawi-revised-constitution-2023/view
Presidential, Parliamentary & Local Government Elections Act (No. 10 of 2023): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MW/presidential-parliamentary-and-local-government/view
Malawi Electoral Commission Act 11 of 2023: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MW/malawi-amended-malawi-electoral-commission-act/view
|
2025/07/01
|
|
Malaysia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013);
Elections Act 1958 with the subsequent amendments: http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol.%201/Act%2019%20-%20Elections%20Act%201958.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
Maldives
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution 2008: http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018);
Elections Commission Act: https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Elections%20Commission%20Act.pdf;
Elections General Act (Act.No:11/2008): https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Elections%20General%20Act%202008.pdf;
Parliamentary Election Act (Act.No: 2/2009): https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Parliamentary%20Elections%20Act%202009.pdf;
Parliamentary Election Regulation: https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Regulations%20for%20Parliamentary%20Elections%202014%20translated_FINAL_UNOFFICIAL.pdf;
Presidential Election Act: https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Presidential%20Elections%20Act%20final(28th%20sep%202008).pdf;
Presidential Election Regulation: https://www.elections.gov.mv/en/core/downloads/Presidential%20Election%20Regulation%202013..pdf
|
2019/02/12
|
|
Mali
|
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
Source:
Article 1 du code électorale.
Verified by Mamadou Seck, Forum Civil, [email protected], 2008-02-20
|
2008/03/28
|
|
Malta
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
e. Other
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 52 - 63: http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012);
General Elections Act: http://www.parlament.mt/general_election_act?l=1 (2012);
Electoral Ordinance: http://www.parlament.mt/electoral-ordinance?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution; Elections and Referenda Act, as amended; Elections and Referenda Regulations, as amended; Elections Offenses Act, as amended;
https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=87647&p_country=MHL&p_count=67
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Marshall_Islands_1995
http://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1980/1980-0120/ElectionsOffensesAct_1.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
Martinique
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion) elects candidates to the French Senate and House of Representatives. The overseas departments follow the same rules as the metropole regarding the organization of the elections. They do however enjoy certain specificities concerning electoral expenditure : certain travel expenses of the candidates are not taken into account in the ceiling of candidates' election expenses (article L.52-12 of the electoral code). Besides, the French Parliament is discussing a bill which would allow elections to be held on Saturday in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guiana (because of the time lag, people from these departments knew the results of the elections in the metropole before they voted).
Source:
Anne Renault, Department of elections and political studies, Ministry of Interior, France
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Mauritania
|
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
In 2022, changes were made to the electoral law that impacted electoral boundaries, voting, and regulations of political parties. These changes were made through an agreement between the Ministry of the Interior and Decentralization and all political parties registered in Mauritania.
Source:
Organic Law No. 2012 - 029 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 91-028 of 7 October 1991, as amended, concerning the organic law on the election of deputies to the National Assembly;
Organic Law No. 2012 - 027 on the establishment of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC);
Organic Law No. 2012 - 028 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 91-027 of 7 October 1991, as amended, relating to the election of the President of the Republic;
Organic Law No. 2012 - 030 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 91-029 of 7 October 1991 on the organic law on the election of senators;
Organic Law No. 2012 - 031 amending certain provisions of the Organic Law n ° 94-011 of 15 February 1994 concerning the election of senators representing Mauritanians living abroad;
Organic Law No. 2012 - 032 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 87-289 of 20 October 1987 repealing and replacing Ordinance No. 86-134 of 13 August 1986;
Organic Law No. 2012 - 033 amending certain provisions of the Organic Law n ° 2009-022 of 2 April 2009 laying down special provisions relating to voting of Mauritanians living abroad;
Organic Law No. 2012 - 034 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 2006-029 of 22 August 2006 concerning the organic law on the promotion of women's access to electoral mandates and electoral functions;
repealing and replacing Ordinance No. 86-134 of 13 August 1986; Organic Law No. 2012 - 033 amending certain provisions of the Organic Law n ° 2009-022 of 2 April 2009 laying down special provisions relating to voting of Mauritanians living abroad; Organic Law No. 2012 - 034 amending certain provisions of Ordinance No. 2006-029 of 22 August 2006 concerning the organic law on the promotion of women's access to electoral mandates and electoral functions;
Results of the consultation between the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization and political parties on the participatory and consensual preparation for the 2023 parliamentary, regional and municipal elections
|
2024/10/28
|
|
Mauritius
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Key legislation governing elections are:
Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius
Representation of the People Act
National Assembly Elections Regulations
Rodrigues Regional Assembly Act
Local Government Act
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius
Electoral Law: Representation of the People Act
Electoral Law: National Assembly Elections Regulations
Electoral Law: Rodrigues Regional Assembly Act &
Electoral Law: Local Government Act
|
2012/02/25
|
|
Mayotte
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The French Overseas Collectivities are Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, New caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis-et-Futuna and Mayotte. These overseas territories enjoy special dispositions in the Electoral code. This is partly explained by the fact that; firstly, they have a different administrative system, secondly, they do not have the same currency (which implies specific dispositions concerning the ceiling of candidates' election expenses) and thirdly each collectivity has to elect its own assembly(ies) (Congress and provincial assemblies in New caledonia; Assembly of French Polynesia, territorial assembly of Wallis-et-Futuna). However, the information in this section applies to the presidential elections and elections to the national assembly in France.
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/19
|
|
Mexico
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The basic provisions about the electoral regime are embodied in Article 41 of Mexico’s Constitution, but separate and specific legislations detail all aspects related to the preparation, organisation and running of federal elections (General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures); there is another one on the legal regime of political parties (General Law on Political Parties); one more on direct democracy (Referendum Law); and, finally one on recalls (Recall Law).
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/ ;
Political Parties' Law: "Ley General de Partidos Políticos": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgpp-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/ ;
Election Regulations: “Reglamento de elecciones”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-reglamento-elecciones-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Electoral law outlined in the constitution Article 6 and 9, also governed by detailed electoral codes.
Source:
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Art. 6; Art. 9, Section 8, 9, 10, 11: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/constitution.htm
The National Election Code: http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Law: Electoral Code No. 1381-XIII of 21.11.97
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova.
|
2021/04/01
|
|
Monaco
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution, Art. 53-56;
Law 839 regulating communal and national elections, as amended in 2002
|
2023/09/11
|
|
Mongolia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law on Election 2016
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7739/file/Mongolia_law_elections_2015_am2016_en.pdf
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001?lang=en (2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
Montenegro
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Provisions in regard to elections could be found in the Constitution, separate laws, resolutions, decisions of Parliament, instructions of the State Election Commission.
Source:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, SU-SK Ref. no. 01-514/12, 19 October 2007 (rev. 2013;
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2013?lang=en
Electoral Law: Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives as amended in 2016;
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2020)031-e
Electoral Law: Law on Election of President of Montenegro, adopted on 27 December 2007, amended 2016;
https://www.te.gob.mx/vota_elections/page/download/16621
Decision: ODLUKA O IMENOVANJU PREDSEDNIKA, SEKRETARA I DEVET ČLANOVA DRŽAVNE IZBORNE KOMISIJE,"Sl. list Crne Gore", br. 87/09 od 30.12.2009;
Decision: ODLUKA o broju glasačkih listića i broju rezervnih listića za sprovođenje izbora za poslanike u Skupštinu Crne Gore, koji će se održati 29. marta 2009. godine.
Montenegro Parliamentary Elections 30 August 2020, ODIHR Needs Assessment Mission Report 6-10 July 2020: https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/5/457738_0.pdf
"The legal framework regulating elections remains uncodified and essentially unmodified since the
last parliamentary elections. Primary legal acts include the 1992 Constitution, the 1998 Law on
Elections of Councillors and Members of Parliament (hereinafter – election law), the 2014 Law on
Voter Register and the 2008 Law on Financing of Political Entities and Election Campaigns
(LFPPEC). These acts are complemented by other relevant legislation and State Election Commission
(SEC) instructions and regulations.9 Montenegro is party to the major international and regional
instruments on democratic elections, and is a member of the Council of Europe’s European
Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) and Group of States against
Corruption (GRECO)."
|
2023/09/27
|
|
Montserrat
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Montserrat Elections Act, Constitution art. 78
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Morocco
|
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
Source:
Organizational Law No. 27.11 with respect to the House of Representatives
See also:
Organic Law No. 29-11 on political parties; Decree No. 2-11-603 of 19 October 2011 establishing the local electoral constituencies for the election of members of the House of Representatives and the period for submission of applications and the dates of opening and closing of the election campaign; Decree No. 2-11-607 of 19 October 2011 fixing the ceiling on election expenses for candidates during election campaigns for general elections for electing members of the House of Representatives
Official Website Elections Morocco: http://www.elections.ma/documentations/legislatives/documentation.aspx
|
2022/08/02
|
|
Mozambique
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of 21 January 2005: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/mozambique-constitution-portuguese-version/view (2014);
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014);
Law No. 5/2013 of 22 February 2013 regulating voter registration (as amended by Law No. 8/2014): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/law-no.-8-2014-of-12-march-2014-amending-law-no.-5/view (2014)
|
2024/12/04
|
|
Namibia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Namibia: Electoral Law: Electoral Act.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Nauru
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Electoral Law governing national elections is derived partially from the Constitution as well as from a separate piece of legislation, The Electoral Act 2016 which provides the processes and procedures for elections and repeals the Electoral Act of 1965.
Source:
Constitution 1968 (http://www.naurugov.nr/media/21406/constitution_19.5.1968.pdf), Electoral Act 2016 (http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d83250a1ebdc56c1701fa7aa245af5b1.pdf).
|
2019/07/01
|
|
Nepal
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
e. Other
|
Constitution of Nepal 2015, Election Commission Act 2017, Voter Roll Act 2073 (2017), Law of the Elections of the House of Representatives 2017, Constituency Delimitation Act 2017, Election ( Offence and Punishment) Act 2017, State Assembly Member Electoral Act 2074 (2017), President and Vice-President Electoral Act 2074 (2017), National Assembly Member Electoral Ordinance 2074 (2018), Political Party Act 2073, Local Level Electoral Act 2073 (2017),
Election Commission Rule 2073 (2017), Regulations Relating to Political Party 2074 (2017), National Assembly Member Electoral Rule 2074 (2018), House of Representative Member Electoral Rule 2074 (2017), State Assembly Member Electoral Regulation 2074 (2017), Local Level Electoral Rule 2073 (2017)
Election Code of Conduct 2015.
Source:
The Constitution of Nepal, 2015 www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
All the Acts and Regulations http://www.election.gov.np/election/np/election-related-laws-150.html
|
2018/04/06
|
|
Netherlands
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2018 <https://www.government.nl/binaries/government/documenten/reports/2019/02/28/the-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands/WEB_119406_Grondwet_Koninkrijk_ENG.pdf> and
Act of 28 September 1989 containing new provisions governing the franchise and elections (Elections Act) <http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/research/Netherlands/Netherlands_Elections%20Act_1989am2009.pdf>
|
2022/08/02
|
|
New Caledonia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Principles are enshrined in Constitution and also in separate legislation, the Electoral Code, amended 30 January 2001.
Source:
|
2003/11/28
|
|
New Zealand
|
b. Separate legislation
|
The Electoral Act of 1993
Source:
Electoral Act 1993: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0087/latest/whole.html#DLM308195 (2017)
|
2024/07/02
|
|
Nicaragua
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution includes a chapter that refers to the electoral regime, describing the general structure and attributions of the electoral authority. However, a separate and specific legislation, with the category of constitutional law, details all aspects related to the preparation, organization and surveillance of elections, including the legal regime of political parties.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 168-174, 184:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
Niger
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Loi No.2014-01 du 28 mars 2014, portant régime général des élections présidentielles, locales et référendaires: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-loi-2014-01-du-28-mars-2014-portant-regime/
|
2017/02/01
|
|
Nigeria
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 71 - 79: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013);
Electoral Act 2010: http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=5 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
Niue
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Niue Assembly Act 1966, as amended; Constitutional Polls Act 1977, as amended.
Source:
Constitution; Niue Assembly Act 1966, as amended; Constitutional Polls Act 1977, as amended.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The constitution provides the legislature with the authority to make election laws. The legislature appoints the election commission which governs and administrates the national election.
Source:
https://www.votecnmi.gov.mp/downloads/CEC_Regulation.pdf
Election commission regulation
https://cnmilaw.org/cons.php#gsc.tab=0
Constitution, Article 8, section 3
|
2024/12/11
|
|
Norway
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution (last amended May 2014)
The Election Act (Representation of the People Act)
Representation of the People Regulations
|
2017/05/19
|
|
Oman
|
a. Part of Constitution
c. Decree
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011 (2013)
ROYAL DECREE NO. 86/97 On the Formation of The Council of Oman (2011): http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/83508/92277/F2092950230/OMN83508.pdf
Oman's Constitution of 1996 with Amendments through 2011:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en
|
2025/05/02
|
|
Pakistan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Election Act including 2023 amendments: https://ecp.gov.pk/storage/files/2/Elections%20Act%202017%20updated/Updated%20Elections%20Act%202017-231011-105435.pdf
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Pakistan_2017
The Constitution, Art. 50, 51, 52;
https://na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf
The Delimitation of Constituencies Act 1974;
https://pakvoter.org/wp-content/pdfs/Pakistan%20Election%20Laws/THE%20DELIMITATION%20OF%20CONSTITUENCIES%20ACT%2C%201974.pdf
The Political Parties Rule 2002
https://ecp.gov.pk/the-political-parties-rules-2002
|
2024/11/25
|
|
Palau
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
In addition to provisions found in the Constitution, the main electoral law in Palau is the Voting Rights Act of 1981 as amended.
Source:
Constitution; Voting Rights Act of 1981 as amended.
|
2016/11/04
|
|
Palestine
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Elections Law 2 September 2007 regulating general elections: http://www.elections.ps/Portals/0/pdf/Election_Law_%282007-Sept_02%29-EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/08
|
|
Panama
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
For every national election, the Electoral Tribunal adopts specific regulations.
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
|
2024/12/05
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections: http://www.pngec.gov.pg:7780/i/pngec/organic_law.pdf (2012);
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea: http://www.igr.gov.pg/constitution.pdf (2012);
Electoral Law (National Elections) Regulation 2007: http://www.pngec.gov.pg:7780/i/pngec/national_electoral_regulation_2007.pdf (2012);
Organic Law on the Integrity of Political Parties and Candidates 2003: http://www.ippcc.gov.pg/img/OLIPPCC03.pdf (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
Paraguay
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Law N1/4 834/96 Electoral Paraguayan Law
Source:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
Peru
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The electoral law is part of Constitution and specific electoral laws, such as: - Municipal Electoral Law Nº 26864 - Regional Electoral Law Nº 27683 - Organic Electoral Law N° 26859 - The Electoral Management Bodies (JNE and ONPE) also issue Resolutions on electoral matters.
Source:
http://aceproject.org/ero-es?type=&country=Peru&topic=Legal%20Framework&keywords=&language=&sort_by=d
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
Philippines
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The Constitution establishes the structure of the executive and legislative branches. Art. VI, Sec. 2 establishes the framework for the electoral system used to elect the Senate, and Sec. 5 establishes the framework for the electoral system used to elect the House of Representatives, including principles for legislative boundary delimitation.
Source:
Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. 2, 5: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/Constitution/1987Constitution (2019);
The Omnibus Election Code ("Batas Pambansa Blg. 881, s. 1985"): http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/OmnibusElectionCode (2019);
The Voter's Registration Act No. 8189 of 1996: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=VoterRegistration/RelatedLaws/RA8189 (2019);
An Act Providing For Mandatory Biometrics Voter Registration (Republic Act No. 10367): http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=VoterRegistration/RelatedLaws/RA10367 (2019)
The Fair Elections Act No. 9006 of 2001: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/ElectionLaws/OtherElectionLaws/RA9006(2019)
COMELEC Official Website: http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws (2019)
|
2019/05/02
|
|
Pitcairn Islands
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Laws of Pitcairn Chapter XI Local Government Ordinance
http://www.government.pn/Laws/Cap%2011%20-%20Local%20Government%20Ordinance.pdf
|
2019/11/05
|
|
Poland
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The Constitution and The Election Code.
Source:
Election Code: Act of 5 January 2011 on Election Code to the Sejm of the Republic of Poland and to the Senate of the Republic of Poland: https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/40/POL_Election%20Code.pdf
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April, 1997, as amended in 2009: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009
|
2024/11/13
|
|
Portugal
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
General principles of electoral law are included in the Constitution. A separate legislative act called "Law governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic" provides more detailed regulation as in accordance with Article 164(d) and Article 167(f) of the Constitution the Assembly of the Republic.
Source:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision [2005], Article 113: https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/Constitution7th.pdf
Law governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic:
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/LeiEleitoralARen.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
Puerto Rico
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/ ;
Political Financing Law: “Ley para la fiscalización del financiamiento de campaña política en Puerto Rico”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-222-2011-fiscalizacion-financiamiento-politico-58-2020/ ;
Electoral Districts’ Law: “Determinación final de la Junta Constitucional de Revisión de Distritos Electorales Senatoriales y Representativos (2011)”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-distritos-electorales-2011/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
Qatar
|
g. Not applicable
|
Following the constitutional referendum in November 2024, Qatar ended public elections for its national legislature.
Source:
Constitution, art. 76 - 83: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
Romania
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Main provisions might be found in the Constitution, separate laws which govern different kinds of elections. For the organisation of the electoral process, the Permanent Electoral Authority issues decisions, resolutions and instructions.
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Romania, amended in 2003;
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Romania_2003?lang=en
Electoral Law: Law No. 35 of 13 March 2008 for the election to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate;
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/4224/file/ROM%20Election%20Laws_en.pdf
Electoral Law: Law 370/2004 on the Election of the President of Romania;
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7751/file/Romania_regulations_election_President_as_of_2009_en.pdf
Electoral Law: Law 67/2004 for the election of local public administration authorities;
https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/949/file/f8d6a4d6e9ad96de802fd5ccecb4.pdf
Electoral Law: Law No. 33 from January 16th 2007 regarding the organisation and the development of the elections for the European Parliament.
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Separate legislation governs different kind of elections. During election period the election commissions might adopt decisions and the Central Election Commission might issue instructions and other regulations on the questions connected with the application of Electoral Laws.
Source:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation: http://www.constitution.ru/index.htm
Ascent and Decline of Russian Electoral Legislation: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/international/20970.pdf
Electoral Law: Federal Law On Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, amended as of April 5, 2016: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiz-9bZwf6EAxVX4skDHb15AeIQFnoECBEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.te.gob.mx%2Fvota_elections%2Fpage%2Fdownload%2F16240&usg=AOvVaw3NYZOKj696lT-b9Q5THAwf&opi=89978449
|
2024/03/22
|
|
Rwanda
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Loi organique n°03/2010/OL et loi n°27/2010 relative aux élections (2010): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-organic-law-nb0-17-2003-of-07-07-2003/
|
2018/11/02
|
|
Réunion
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The French overseas departments (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion) follow the same rules as the metropole regarding the organization of the elections. They do however enjoy certain specificities concerning electoral expenditure : certain travel expenses of the candidates are not taken into account in the ceiling of candidates' election expenses (article L.52-12 of the electoral code). Besides, the French Parliament is discussing a bill which would allow elections to be held on Saturday in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guiana (because of the time lag, people from these departments knew the results of the elections in the metropole before they voted).
Source:
Elections office, Ministry of Interior, France, [email protected]
|
2007/01/14
|
|
Saint Helena
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Carol George, Office of the Chief Secretary, Saint Helena
|
2007/01/19
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
b. Separate legislation
|
There are two basic pieces of legislation which govern the electoral process: Firstly, the saint Christopher and Nevis Constitution Order 1983 of 23rd June 1983 no. 881. Secondly, the National Assembly Election Act cap. 162. The House of Assembly Election Ordinance Amendment Act 1983 no. 16 of 1983 and the Elections Registration Regulations of 1984 were made under the provision of section 104 of the National Assembly Act cap. 162.
Source:
Article 28, National Assembly Election Act
|
2020/04/15
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Laws pertaining to elections are legislated both in the Constitution of Saint Lucia and in a House of Assembly Elections Act.
Source:
Constitution,art. 30-33. Elections Act, 2001
|
2011/08/03
|
|
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
|
e. Other
|
test
|
2007/03/10
|
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Some basic provisions about the electoral regime are embodied in the Constitution, but a separate and specific legislation details aspects related to the preparation, organization and running of elections. (The Representation of the People Act, cited for the purposes of this document as RPA).
Source:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979, art 27, 32-34, Representation of the People Act
|
2021/12/26
|
|
Samoa
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Electoral Constituencies Act 2019, The Electoral Commission Act 2019, The Electoral Act 2019: https://www.oec.gov.ws/wordpress/index.php/legislations/ (2021);
Samoa Constitution: https://www.palemene.ws/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-Eng.pdf (2021)
|
2021/04/09
|
|
San Marino
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral law N.6 of 31 January 1996: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/contents/instance18/files/document/21801leggi_5336.pdf (2012)
|
2012/05/28
|
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Electoral Law of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe n.º 11/90 of 26 November 1990:https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ST/sao-tome-e-principe-electoral-law;
Law on the Right to Vote and Voter Registration n.º 5/96 of 20 June 1996, as amended (latest amendment - 2003);
Law on Financing of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns n.º 9/2004 of 30 December 2004;
Law on Political Parties n.º 8/90 of 21 September 1990: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ST/sao-tome-e-principe-law-on-political-parties
|
2021/06/18
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
g. Not applicable
|
There are no provisions for direct national elections, since it is the King who appoints the members of the Shura Council. Only municipal elections are held in Saudi Arabia.
Source:
Shura Council Law: http://www.shura.gov.sa/wps/wcm/connect/ShuraEn/internet/Laws+and+Regulations/The+Shura+Council+and+the+rules+and+regulations+job/Shura+Council+Law/ (2012);
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
Senegal
|
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The electoral law has a legislative part and it is accompanied by decrees and regulations.
Source:
Electoral Code 2012: http://www.elections2012.sn/images/stories/CE2012.pdf (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Serbia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Serbia
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/constitution-of-the-republic-of-serbia-2006/view
Electoral Law: Law on Election of Members of Parliament
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-elections-of-representatives-updated/view
Electoral Law: Law on the Election of the President of the Republic
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/serbia-law-on-the-election-of-the-president-of-the/view
|
2022/07/06
|
|
Seychelles
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Elections Act (1996)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-electoral-act-1996/view
https://seylii.org/akn/sc/act/1995/17/eng@2015-05-15 (2014 amendment updated 2015)
|
2025/02/27
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Public Elections Act (2012): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-the-public-elections-act-2012-1/
|
2024/12/06
|
|
Singapore
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution of Singapore: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2010?lang=en; (2017)
Parliamentary Elections Act: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-parliamentary-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
Presidential Elections Act: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/SG/singapore-president-elections-act-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
Slovakia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution (last amended May 2014) file:///Users/admin/Downloads/Constitution-slovakia.pdf
The Election Act (Representation of the People Act) https://www.legislationline.org/download/id/7883/file/Slovakia_Act_conditions_electoral_law_2014_am2015_en.pdf
|
2024/10/25
|
|
Slovenia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia.
The National Assembly Elections Act.
The Elections and Referendum Campaign Act.
The Election of Members of the European Parliament from the Republic of Slovenia Act.
|
2017/03/30
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution (2014): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en
Amendment 2018: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-constitution-amendment-2018
National Parliament Electoral Provisions Act (2010 Consolidated Version),http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-national-parliament-electoral-3/view
Political party Integrity Act (2014), http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-political-parties-integrity-act/view
|
2019/02/28
|
|
Somalia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The regulations concerning political parties, their registration, elections at the Federal Government level and the National Independent Electoral Commission shall be defined in special laws enacted by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament.
Source:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art.47: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
South Africa
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (as amended to 2023):
Electoral Act of 1998 (as amended to 2023): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/electoral-amendment-act-1-of-2023/view
Electoral Commission Act of 1996 (as amended to 2006): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-commission-act-of-1996-as/view
Public Funding of Represented Political Parties Act of 1997 (as amended to 1998):http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-public-funding-of-represented/view
The Political Party Funding Act (PPFA) Act 6 of 2019, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/political-party-funding-act-6-of-2019/view
|
2024/12/04
|
|
South Sudan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Transitional Constitution 2011: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012);
Political Parties Act No 33 of 2012: http://paanluelwel2011.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/south-sudan-political-parties-act-2012.pdf (2012);
National Elections Act 2012: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SS/south-sudan-the-national-elections-act-no.-39-of/view
|
2021/06/02
|
|
Spain
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Constitution sets out the guiding principles, while the electoral procedures and management of the elections is established in the Electoral Law ["Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (LOREG)"] and the Referendum Law ["Ley Orgánica 2/1980, de 18 de enero, sobre regulación de las distintas modalidades de referéndum"]
Source:
Constitution: "Constitución Española", arts. 68-70:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-constitucion-espanola-2011-2016/;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General”:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-5-1985-de-19-de-junio-del-1/;
Referendum Law: "Ley Orgánica 2/1980, de 18 de enero, sobre regulación de las distintas modalidades de referéndum":
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-ley-organica-2-1980-de-18-de-enero-sobre/
|
2025/04/01
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
The Parliamentary Elections Act 1981: https://cmev.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/presidential_election_act.pdf
|
2016/02/04
|
|
Sudan
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The National Elections Act 2008: http://www.gurtong.org/ResourceCenter/documents/Reports/Elections-09/nationalelectionsact2008.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/31
|
|
Suriname
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012);
Electoral Law of 1987: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Electoral/Sur/suriname.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Swaziland
|
a. Part of Constitution
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, Electoral Law: Election Order: Electoral Law: Voter registration Order and Proclamation No 7 of 12 April 1973.
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Sweden
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The Instrument of Government, which is a part of the Swedish Constitution, contains certain rules for Riksdag elections. The Swedish Elections Act (Swedish Code of Statutes 1997:157)is the comprehensive legal document regulating all national elections and referenda. Ordinary local and regional elections (to municipal assemblies and county council assemblies) are held on the same day throughout the country as for ordinary Riksdag elections, therefor the rules stipulated in the above mentioned Act cover also these elections.
Source:
The Instrument of Government: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012);
Electoral Law of 2005: http://www.val.se/pdf/2005_elections_act.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
Switzerland
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
The representatives are elected directly by the People according to a system of proportional representation. A general election is held every four years. Each Canton constitutes an electoral constituency. The seats are allocated to the Cantons according to their relative populations. Each Canton has at least one seat. The Cantons determine the rules for the election of their representatives to the Council of States
Source:
Constitution, Art. 149, 150: https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015);
Electoral Law of 17 December 1976 regulating political rights: http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/161_1/index.html (2014)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
b. Separate legislation
|
The national electoral laws are governed by the "General Elections Law" legislation.
Source:
http://www.parliament.sy/
|
2014/06/02
|
|
Taiwan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of China - https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Taiwan_2005.pdf
Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act
Civil Servants Election And Recall Act
The Organic Law of the Central Election Commission
|
2020/04/13
|
|
Tajikistan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of May 22, 2016.
Constitutional Law On Elections to the Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of July 26, 2014.
Constitutional Law of Republic of Tajikistan “On the Election of the President of the Republic of Tajikistan” as amended as of January 1, 2006.
|
2025/02/17
|
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
The National Elections Act 2010: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/National_Elections_Act-Cap_343.PDF (2013);
Constitution: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/Tanzania_Constitution.pdf (2013);
The National Elections Regulations 2010: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/The_Elections_Regulations_2010.PDF (2013)
|
2013/03/11
|
|
Thailand
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand: https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+KINGDOM+OF+THAILAND+(B.E.+2560+(2017)).pdf;
Organic Act B.E. 2541 on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives and Senators: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-organic-act-on-the-election-of-members-of/view;
Regulation of the Election Commission (EC) on Rules and Procedures for Referendum Voting B.E. 2550 (2007): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-regulation-of-the-election-commission-ec;
The Regulation of the Election Commission of Thailand on the Election Campaign, Code of Conduct, and Prohibitions governing the Election of Members of the House of Representatives and proceedings of Political Parties, Candidates, and Eligible Voters B.E.2550:http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/TH/thailand-regulation-on-campaign-parties-candidates/view
|
2023/10/04
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Constitution and Law on the Election of the National Parliament
Source:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 65-66: https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
Law no. 6-7/2011, Law on the Election of the National Parliament: https://mj.gov.tl/jornal/lawsTL/RDTL-Law/RDTL-Laws/Law%20no.%207_2011%20Second%20Amendment%20to%20Law%2062006%20of%20December%20%20Law%20on%20the%20Election%20of%20the%20National%20Parliament.pdf
|
2024/10/02
|
|
Togo
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Organic Law of 18/06/2012 fixing the number of members of the National Assembly, the eligibility criteria and the incompatibilities, art. 5: http://archives.assemblee-nationale.tg/admin/pdf/Loi-organique-fixant-le-nombre-de-d-put-s-2-lecture-.pdf (2013);
Electoral Code No. 2000-07 as amended: http://www.legitogo.gouv.tg/lois/liste.php?num=26 (2013)
|
2013/01/03
|
|
Tokelau
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
National Elections Rules 2013
http://www.paclii.org/tk/legis/consol_act_2016/ner2013241/
|
2020/01/22
|
|
Tonga
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution of Tonga: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021);
Electoral Commission Act 2010: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-commission-act-2010/view (2021);
Electoral Boundaries Commission Act 2010: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-boundaries-commission-act-2010-1 (2021);
Electoral Regulations 2010: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-regulations-2010/view (2021);
Amendments can be found here: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/tonga-electoral-amendment-act-2010/view (2021).
|
2021/09/13
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 73: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/ ;
Law for local government elections: “Elections and Boundaries Commission (Local Government) Act”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-elections-and-boundaries/
|
2021/11/23
|
|
Tunisia
|
b. Separate legislation
|
A "proposed basic law" governing presidential and legislative elections and referenda was passed in 2014.
Currently, there is a draft law regarding municipal and regional elections.
Source:
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2019/08/05
|
|
Turkey
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Turkey;
Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers;
Parliamentary Elections Law
|
2016/01/21
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
a. Part of Constitution
|
Source:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2016), Section V: http://www.osce.org/odihr/262336?download=true.
|
2013/03/05
|
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Elections Ordinance”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-elections-ordinance-2018/
|
2020/10/08
|
|
Tuvalu
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
There are specific provisions relating to elections within the Constitution and there are also specific Acts of Parliament regarding elections.
Source:
The Constitution of Tuvalu; Electoral Provisions (Parliament) Act as amended.
|
2012/06/19
|
|
Uganda
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda,1995 [As amended in 2015];
The Presidential Elections Act, 2005 [PEA] [As amended in 2010];
The Parliamentary Elections Act, 2005 [PAR-EA] [As amended in 2010];
The Electoral Commission Act, Cap 140 [ECA] [As amended in 2010];
The Political Parties and Organisations Act, 2005 [PPOA] [As amended in 2010];
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2016/02/05
|
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Ukraine
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution (last amended in 2016)
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/474-14
The Law on Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine (last amended in 2019)
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/4061-17
Law on Elections of the President of Ukraine (last amended in 2019)
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/474-14
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2019/03/11
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
e. Other
|
Each Emirate shall be free to determine the method of selection of the citizens representing it in the Federal National Council.
Source:
Cabinet Order No (4) of 2006, Last updated on 16 February 2011 (decree no. 2 of 2011);
Constitution, art. 69: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
The electoral law governing national elections in the UK is governed by separate legislation, primarily the Elections Act 2022. This Act is not part of the UK Constitution (which is uncodified and made up of various sources), nor is it a decree or merely administrative regulation. The Elections Act 2022 is the primary legislation currently in force, with updates as of June 2025. It is a Public General Act passed by the UK Parliament, making it separate legislation.
The Electoral Commission issues guidance for Returning Officers, political parties, and candidates to ensure consistent application of the law. The Cabinet Office and other government departments provide administrative guidance, especially during pre-election periods, to ensure civil service neutrality.
Source:
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/1/contents/enacted
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/41/contents
Representation of the People Act 1983: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1983/2
Political Parties and Elections Act 2009: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/12
Electoral Administration Act 2006: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/22/contents
|
2025/06/12
|
|
United States of America
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
U.S. Constitution:
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript
U.S. Federal Elections Code:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-federal-elections-code/view ;
U.S. Federal Electoral Campaign Laws:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-federal-electoral/view ;
1965 Voting Rights Act:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-voting-rights-act-1965/view
|
2024/10/21
|
|
Uruguay
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
Electoral law: Ley de Elecciones (Ley No. 7812), https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-ley-de-elecciones-ley-no.-7812-2014/view (2000).
Ley del Registro Cívico Nacional (Ley No. 7690), https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-ley-7690-del-registro-civico-nacional-2014/view
Ley del funcionamiento de los partidos políticos (Ley No. 18485), https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/ururguay-ley-18485-del-funcionamiento-de-partidos/view (2009).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
Uzbekistan
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1992
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2019)
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Financing of Political Parties (2004, latest amendment 02-07-2024)
The legal framework underwent a process of reform: all election-related laws, including the Constitution and the Election Code, were amended in 2021.
Source:
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1992: https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index#section23
Election Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2019): https://lex.uz/docs/4458857?ONDATE=26.06.2019#4461859
The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Financing of Political Parties (2004, latest amendment 02-07-2024) https://lex.uz/en/docs/168377#
OSCE ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report, Republic of Uzbekistan, Presidential Election 24 October 2021: https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/9/e/516435_0.pdf
|
2024/08/26
|
|
Vanuatu
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
c. Decree
|
There are provisions in the Constitution on elections. The main electoral law is the Representation of the People Act. In addition, the President in consultation with the Electoral Commission determines the electoral constituencies and the number of seats per constituency.
Source:
Constitution, art. 17-20: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
Representation of the People Act, as amended: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-representation-of-the-people-act-1982-as/at_download/file
|
2025/03/19
|
|
Venezuela
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/ ;
Electoral Branch Law: “Ley Orgánica del Poder Electoral”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/leyes-electorales/venezuela-ley-organica-poder-electoral-2002/ ;
Political Parties’ Law: “Ley de partidos políticos, reuniones públicas y manifestaciones”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-partidos-politicos-2010/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
Viet Nam
|
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
Law of 1997 on Election of Deputies to the National Assembly, as amended and supplemented by laws No. 31/2001/QH10 and No: 63/2010/QH12: http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/lists/vn%20bn%20php%20lut/view_detail.aspx?itemid=2526 (2016)
|
2021/03/23
|
|
Virgin Islands, British
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
86. A general election shall be held at such time within two months, but not earlier than twenty-one days, after every dissolution of the House of Assembly as the Governor shall appoint by
proclamation published in the Gazette.
Source:
The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, Article 86
http://www.bvi.gov.vg/sites/default/files/constitution.pdf
Elections (Amendment) Act, 2006.
http://www.caribbeanelections.com/eDocs/legislation/bv/bv_Elections_Amendment_Act_2006.pdf
|
2019/02/15
|
|
Virgin Islands, U.S.
|
e. Other
|
Source:
Virgin Islands Code
|
2012/02/24
|
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Separate legislation: the Electoral Code.
Source:
Constitution and Electoral Code
|
2006/11/21
|
|
Western Sahara
|
f. No information available
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
Yemen
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
General Elections and Referendum Law of 2001: http://www.scer.org.ye/english/generalelectionslaw.htm
Constitution: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,,YEM,3fc4c1e94,0.html (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
Zambia
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Key legislation governing elections are: Constitution of Zambia. Electoral Act. Referendum Act. Electoral Commission Act & Electoral (Conduct) Regulations.
Source:
Electoral Acts Zambia
http://www.elections.org.zm/media/electoral_acts.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
Zanzibar
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
|
Source:
The Constitution of Zanzibar;
Electoral Act No. 11 of 1984 as amended
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
http://www.temco.udsm.ac.tz/images/stories/Electral_Laws/ZANZIBAR-ELECTION-ACT-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
a. Part of Constitution
b. Separate legislation
d. Regulations or administrative rules
|
Source:
Constitution: Constitution of Zimbabwe: Electoral Law: Electoral Act (Chapter 2:13): Electoral Law: Zimbabwe Electoral Commission Act (Chapter 2:12): Electoral Law: Referendums Act (Chapter 2:10) & Electoral Law: Political Parties (Finance) Act (Chapter 2:11).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013
https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4c46c1572.pdf
http://citizenshiprightsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Zimbabwe_Constitution_19th_Amendment_Act_2009.pdf
|
2023/09/25
|
