A code of conduct is usually a set of written rules that govern the behavior of public officials or private individuals or organizations.  Many electoral systems provide for codes of conduct that apply to electoral officials, other government officials carrying out election-related responsibilities, political parties, candidates and sometimes the media. Codes of conduct are designed to prevent and address unethical behaviour; if binding, individuals and entities subject to such codes can be held legally accountable for their actions.  Short of that, the codes can include mechanisms for monitoring and dispute resolution, such as establishing a council of the signatories that can meet to resolve disputes.

A code of conduct can be a stand-alone document or part of broader legislation. For example, in the US State of Wyoming, the Ethics and Disclosure Act is part of legislation on public service, and Wyoming public officials and election officers are required to comply with it. In South Africa, the code of conduct for election officers is a regulation designed specifically for them.

Codes of conduct that are entrenched in legislation or regulations are enforceable and may set sanctions and penalties for violations—or example, a fine, suspension from office or disqualification as a candidate. Violations of the code that involve criminal acts are usually referred to the criminal justice system.

In India, political parties and candidates are required to abide by a code of conduct that was issued by the Election Commission, based on a consensus of the political parties. The code sets out broad guidelines on how political parties and candidates should conduct themselves during a campaign.[1]

Electoral codes of conduct are intended to keep the election campaign within acceptable limits, avoid clashes and conflicts between political parties or their supporters, and to ensure order and avoid disruptions during the campaign period and thereafter, until the results are declared. The code should also prescribe guidelines for the ruling party to ensure that a level field is maintained and that no cause is given for any complaint that the ruling party has abused its official position for the purposes of its election campaign.