The implementation process is the final major step in technology project development following the testing process. Despite all the work necessary to reach this point, the this stage can be the most difficult, since it incorporates the actual use of the technology in production mode.
As with the development and testing processes, the complexity of the implementation process will depend on the complexity of the technology being implemented. If the technology is a standard off-the-shelf product, it may be relatively easy to deploy and use. Users may also be familiar with the technology, if it does not depart dramatically from technology previously in use.
However, where the technology being implemented is new, untried or a significant departure from previous practice, the implementation process will have to be managed carefully.
The implementation strategy, which should set out in the overall project management plan, will provide the steps necessary to test the new technology. An implementation strategy for a new technology system to be used at an electoral event could include the following steps:
- allocate responsibility for implementation to an appropriate technical committee and an appropriate management committee
- take delivery of the production version of the system
- assemble and deploy the system as needed
- conduct final tests of all elements of the production version of the system
- customize the system, if necessary, and test and approve any changes
- prepare the system documentation, such as technical manuals, user manuals and training materials
- recruit or appoint staff to operate the system, as necessary
- train users in the operation of the new system
- demonstrate the operation of the new system for stakeholders, if appropriate
- conduct a public education campaign, if appropriate
- enter data in the system as needed (this data could be “set-up” data, such as polling place details, as well as “live” data, such as election results)
- verify data as needed (for example, keying all data twice and comparing the two versions, or requiring a second officer to check data entered by another officer, or running computerized “logic checks” on data)
- back up system programs and data as appropriate before the electoral event
- control any update processes through careful “version control”, ensuring that all relevant equipment uses the correct hardware or software version
- conduct system maintenance according to a documented maintenance schedule, as needed
- ensure that back-up systems are in place, if necessary—these could include alternative manual systems
- guarantee alternative power supplies, if necessary
- operate the system at the electoral event
- make sure that technical and maintenance crews are available during operation to assure successful conduct of the event
- back up data as appropriate during and after the electoral event
- conclude the electoral event
- debrief system users and evaluate operation of the system
- prepare a proposal to enhance or reuse the system, if needed for the next electoral event
- maintain the system as appropriate
- implement any approved enhancements
