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العربية
 
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When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level? Date (yyyy)

مجموع البلدان / الأقاليم 138
Disclaimer: This section of Comparative Data is not being updated. Users should be aware that data may be inaccurate. If you find inaccuracies, please بأيـــس أخلاء المسؤولية .
  • أفغانستان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable x
  • أنتيغوا وبربودا
    Mandatory referendum July 1981 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ألبانيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1998 Citizens' initiative 1998 Agenda initiative 1998 Recall Not applicable
  • الأرجنتين
  • ساموا الأمريكية
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • النمسا
    Mandatory referendum 1920 Optional referendum 1920 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative 1920 Recall Not applicable
  • أستراليا
    Mandatory referendum 1898 Optional referendum 1898 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • بوركينا فاسو
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable X
  • بلغاريا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1991 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • البحرين
    Mandatory referendum 2002 Optional referendum 2002 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • بنين
    Mandatory referendum 1960 Optional referendum 1960 Citizens' initiative 1960 Agenda initiative 1960 Recall 1960 Not applicable
  • بوليفيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • جزر البهاما
    Mandatory referendum 1973 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • بوتسوانا
    Mandatory referendum 1966 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • روسيا البيضاء
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1994 Citizens' initiative 1996 Agenda initiative 1994 Recall 1994 Not applicable
  • كندا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1992 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • سويسرا
    Mandatory referendum 1848, 1949, 1977 Optional referendum 1874, 1921 Citizens' initiative 1848, 1891, 2003 Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • Côte d'Ivoire
    Mandatory referendum 1er Aout 2000 Optional referendum 7 Aout 1960 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • جزر كوك
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • كولومبيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Constitucion Politica de 1991 Not applicable
  • كوستاريكا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 2006 Citizens' initiative 2006 Agenda initiative 2006 Recall Not applicable
  • كوبا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • الجمهورية التشيكية
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1993 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ألمانيا
    No direct democracy mechanisms at the national level with exceptions for the reorganization of the federal territory (Art. 29 para. 2 GG) and in the case of a new constitution (Art. 146 GG).
  • الدنمارك
    Mandatory referendum 1915 Optional referendum 1953 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • الجزائر
    Mandatory referendum 1997 Optional referendum 1997 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • الاكوادور
    Mandatory referendum ** Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • استونيا
    Mandatory referendum 1920 (1919) Optional referendum 1920 (1919 ) Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • مصر
    Mandatory referendum 1956 Optional referendum 1956 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • الصحراء الغربية
    Mandatory referendum 1994 Optional referendum 1994 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • اريتريا
    Mandatory referendum 1992 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • أثيوبيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall 1999 Not applicable
  • فنلندا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1.7.1987 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ميكرونيزيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • المملكة المتحدة
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 2000 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • جورجيا
    Mandatory Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • غيانا الفرنسية
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • غانا
    Mandatory referendum 1957 Constitution Optional referendum Not applicable Citizens' initiative 1957 Constitution Agenda initiative 1957 Consttitution Recall Not Applicable at teh national level. Not applicable
  • غامبيا
    Mandatory referendum 1997 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • اليونان
    Optional referendum 1925/1927
  • غوام
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative 1974 Agenda initiative 1974 Recall 1974 Not applicable
  • كرواتيا
    Mandatory referendum 1991 Optional referendum 1991 Citizens' initiative 1991 Agenda initiative Recall 1991 Not applicable
  • هنغاريا
    Mandatory referendum 1989 Optional referendum 1989 Citizens' initiative 1989 Agenda initiative 1989 Recall Not applicable
  • اندونيسيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • أيرلندا
    Mandatory referendum 1937 Optional referendum 1937 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • اسرائيل
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable X
  • العراق
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • Iran, Islamic Republic of
    Mandatory referendum: 1979 Constitution Optional referendum: 1979 Constitution
  • أيسلندا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • إيطاليا
    The direct democracy mechanisms were first introduced with the 1948 Constitution.
  • الأردن
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • اليابان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • كينيا
    Mandatory referendum 2004 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • قيرغيزستان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • كيريباتي
    Mandatory referendum 1979 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • سانت كيتس ونيفيس
    19 September 1983
  • جمهورية كوريا
    Mandatory referendum 1954 Optional referendum 1954 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • كازاخستان
    1991
  • جمهورية لاو الديمقراطية
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • لبنان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable X
  • سانت لوسيا
    Mandatory referendum Feb 1979 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ليختنشتاين
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 24 October 1921 Citizens' initiative 24 October 1921 Agenda initiative 24 October 1921 Recall 24 October 1921 Not applicable
  • سري لانكا
    1978
  • ليبيريا
    Mandatory referendum January 6, 1986 Optional referendum January 6, 1986 Citizens' initiative January 6, 1986 Agenda initiative January 6, 1986 Recall 1986 Not applicable
  • ليسوتو
    Mandatory referendum 1966 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ليتوانيا
    Mandatory referendum 1992 Optional referendum 1992 Citizens' initiative 1992 Agenda initiative 1992 Recall Not applicable
  • لوكسمبورغ
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • لاتفيا
    Mandatory referendum 1922 Optional referendum 1994 Citizens' initiative 1994 Agenda initiative 1994 Recall Not applicable
  • الجماهيرية العربية الليبية
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • المغرب
    Mandatory referendum 1996 Optional referendum 1996 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • مولدوفا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1905 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • مدغشقر
    Mandatory referendum 1992 Optional referendum 1992 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • مقدونيا ، الجمهورية اليوغوسلافية السابقة
    Mandatory referendum 1991 Optional referendum 1991 Citizens' initiative 1991 Agenda initiative 1991 Recall Not applicable
  • مالي
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • منغوليا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • موريتانيا
    Mandatory referendum 1991 Optional referendum 1991 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • مالطا
    Mandatory referendum 1964 Optional referendum 1996 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • موريشيوس
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable N/A
  • جزر المالديف
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ملاوي
    Mandatory referendum 1993 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ماليزيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • موزامبيق
    Mandatory referendum 1990 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ناميبيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1992 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • النيجر
    Mandatory referendum 18 juillet 1999 Optional referendum 18 juillet 1999 Citizens' initiative Pas de precision pour le moment Agenda initiative Pas de precision pour le moment Recall 18 juillet 1999 Not applicable
  • نيجيريا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • نيكاراغوا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • هولندا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 2002 and 4th February 2005 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • النرويج
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1905 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • ناورو
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • نيوزيلندا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • بنما
    Mandatory referendum in 1972 Optional referendum in 1972 Citizens' initiative in 1972 Agenda initiative Recall 2004 Not applicable
  • بيرو
    Mandatory referendum Mayo 1994 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Mayo 1994 Recall Not applicable
  • بابوا غينيا الجديدة
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • الفلبين
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • باكستان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • بولندا
    Mandatory referendum 1995 Optional referendum 1995 Citizens' initiative 1995 Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • بورتوريكو
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • فلسطين
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • بالاو
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • باراغواي
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • قطر
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 2003 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • رومانيا
    Mandatory referendum 1990 Optional referendum 2000 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall 1992 Not applicable
  • Russian Federation
    Mandatory referendum 1991 Optional referendum 1991 Citizens' initiative 1991 Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • رواندا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • جزر سليمان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable X
  • سيشيل
    Mandatory referendum 1992 Optional referendum 1993 Citizens' initiative n/a Agenda initiative n/a Recall n/a Not applicable
  • سودان
    Mandatory referendum 1998 Optional referendum 1998 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • السويد
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Before the first national referendum in Sweden in 1922, after a proposal presented before Parliament.
  • سنغافورة
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • سلوفاكيا
    Mandatory referendum 1992 Optional referendum 1992 Citizens' initiative 1992 Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • سيراليون
    Mandatory referendum 1ST DECEMBER 1991 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • سان مارينو
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • السنغال
    Mandatory referendum 24 avril 1981 Optional referendum 24 avril 1981 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall 24 avril 1981 Not applicable
  • الصومال
    Mandatory referendum 2000 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • السلفادور
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • Syrian Arab Republic
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • سوازيلاند
    Mandatory referendum 1992 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • توغو
    Mandatory referendum 1992 Optional referendum * Citizens' initiative 1992 Agenda initiative 1992 Recall * Not applicable *
  • تايلاند
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • طاجيكستان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • تيمور - ليشتي
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 2002 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • تركمانستان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • تونس
    Mandatory referendum 1959 Optional referendum 1959 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • تونغا
    N/A
  • تركيا
    Mandatory referendum 1982 Optional referendum 1982 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • تنزانيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • أوكرانيا
    Mandatory referendum 1991 Optional referendum 1991 Citizens' initiative 1991 Agenda initiative Recall 1991 Not applicable
  • أوغندا
    Mandatory referendum The Electoral Commission (Amendment) Statute was assented to on 13 March 2000 and commenced on 14 March 2000. Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • أوروغواي
    Mandatory referendum 1967 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative 1934 Agenda initiative 1967 Recall Not applicable
  • أوزبكستان
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • سانت فنسنت وغرينادين
    Mandatory referendum Oct 1979 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • فيتنام
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • فانواتو
    1980
  • اليمن
    Mandatory referendum 1994 Optional referendum 1994 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • جنوب أفريقيا
    Mandatory referendum Optional referendum 1994 Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • زامبيا
    Mandatory referendum 1967 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable
  • زيمبابوي
    Mandatory referendum 1980 Optional referendum Citizens' initiative Agenda initiative Recall Not applicable