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Independent candidates

Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?

total countries/territories: 223
a Neither in presidential nor legislative elections
b In presidential elections
c In legislative elections (Chamber 1)
d In legislative elections (Chamber 2)
e In both presidential and legislative elections
f No information available
g Not applicable
  Not included in research
  Several applicable answers
This section contains data that is continuously updated. Additional data, which is not being continuously updated, is available here.