|
مجموع البلدان / الأقاليم 213
|
|---|
| البلد / الإقليم |
الإجابات |
تعليقات |
التحقق |
|
أفغانستان
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2019/09/24
|
|
ألبانيا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2017/05/19
|
|
الجزائر
|
b. كلا
|
No provisions in the constitution
مصدر:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Algeria_2008?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
أندورا
|
a. نعم
|
Referendum and agenda initiative procedure.
مصدر:
IDEA International Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/country-view/42/45
|
2023/06/09
|
|
أنغولا
|
b. كلا
|
No mention in the Constitution.
مصدر:
Constitution of 3 February 2010: http://www.tribunalconstitucional.ao/uploads/%7B9555c635-8d7c-4ea1-b7f9-0cd33d08ea40%7D.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
أنغيلا
|
b. كلا
|
|
2015/02/27
|
|
أنتيغوا وبربودا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2009/08/20
|
|
الأرجنتين
|
a. نعم
|
Since 1996, Argentine legislation has provided the basic rules of a
direct democracy mechanism: the signatures of 1.5 per cent of the electorate – about 400,000 registered electors – are required to bring a legislative proposal forward to the national parliament.
مصدر:
International IDEA: "Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" Page 91. http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/upload/direct_democracy_handbook_chapter4.pdf (2008).
|
2021/12/26
|
|
أرمينيا
|
a. نعم
|
The community members may directly take part in the administration of the community affairs by resolving the issues of local significance through local referenda.
The communities may, based on the interests of the public, be merged with each other or separated by the law. The appropriate law shall be adopted by the National Assembly upon the recommendation of the Government. Before submitting the legislative initiative the Government shall appoint local referenda in those communities. The outcomes of the local referenda shall be attached to the legislative initiative. The communities may be merged or separated irrespective of the outcomes of the local referenda.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Armenia, art. 30 (2), 107 (4), 110: http://res.elections.am/images/doc/consist_eng.pdf (2013).
|
2015/12/01
|
|
أروبا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2017/07/07
|
|
أستراليا
|
a. نعم
|
Australia requires a referendum for amendments to the constitution, and
instruments of direct democracy are also used in several of the Australian states
مصدر:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008), (https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf)
Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019C00100/f03f448e-da13-4d34-928b-688bc43735e4
|
2024/09/09
|
|
النمسا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/05/29
|
|
أذربيجان
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) including amendments: https://president.az/en/pages/view/azerbaijan/constitution
|
2024/11/12
|
|
جزر البهاما
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
The Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas (CCB)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
البحرين
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
بنغلاديش
|
d. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
مصدر:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook" (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2012/05/30
|
|
روسيا البيضاء
|
a. نعم
|
Local referenda shall be called by the corresponding local representative bodies on their initiative or on the proposal of no less than ten percent of the citizens eligible to vote and residing in the corresponding territory.
The issues, which may be submitted to a local referendum, include the most important issues for the population of respective administrative territorial units, which fall within the competence of the respective local Councils of Deputies, and executive and administrative bodies.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 75: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/ ;
Electoral Code: "Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 112: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-electoral-code-2023-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
بلجيكا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/direct-democracy-international-idea-handbook)
|
2019/04/25
|
|
بليز
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Referendum Law: “Referendum Act, Chapter 10”, Section 2 (1 b): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-referendum-act-2020/ ;
Recall Law: “Recall of Elected Representatives Act, Chapter 9:01”, Section 3 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-recall-of-elected-representatives-act-2020/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
بنين
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution of 11 December 1990:
http://www.gouv.bj/sites/default/files/Cour-Constitutionnelle-recueil-des-textes-fondamentaux.pdf (2016)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
برمودا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2012/05/31
|
|
بوتان
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution of Bhutan: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
|
2024/08/27
|
|
بوليفيا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution; "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 274, 275, 280 (II), 300 (I-3), 302 (I-2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/10
|
|
البوسنة والهرسك
|
b. كلا
|
Not mentioned in the constitution
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2025/06/26
|
|
بوتسوانا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution of Botswana: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
Referendum Act, (Chapter 02:10): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-referendum-act-chapter-02-10/view (2014).
|
2014/10/28
|
|
البرازيل
|
a. نعم
|
Brazil allows for direct democracy at sub-national levels, including regional and local levels. The plebiscite and the referendum are called by legislative decree. In other matters, under the jurisdiction of states, the Federal District, and municipalities, the plebiscite and the referendum will be called in accordance with the respective state constitution and the Organic Law. (Source: Plebiscite and Referendum)
Constitution:
Article 14. Popular sovereignty shall be exercised through universal suffrage and direct and secret voting, with equal value for all, and, in accordance with the law, through:
I – plebiscite;
II – referendum;
III – popular initiative.
Article 18. The political-administrative organization of the Federative Republic of Brazil comprises the Union, the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities, all autonomous, according to this Constitution.
§ 3. States may incorporate themselves with one another, subdivide, or dismember to annex to others, or form new states or federal territories, subject to approval by the directly interested population through a plebiscite, and by the National Congress, through a complementary law.
§ 4. The creation, incorporation, merging, and dismemberment of municipalities shall be done by state law, within the period determined by federal complementary law, and shall depend on prior consultation, through a plebiscite, of the populations of the municipalities involved, after the publication of the Municipal Viability Studies, presented and published in accordance with the law.
Article 29.
XIII – popular initiative for bills of specific interest to the municipality, city, or neighborhoods, through a manifestation of at least five percent of the electorate;
مصدر:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 14, 18(3, 4), 29 (XIII), 49:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Law No. 9,709, of November 18, 1998:
https://www.planalto.gov.br/Ccivil_03/leis/L9709.htm
Plebiscite and Referendum:
https://www.tse.jus.br/eleicoes/plebiscitos-e-referendos
|
2024/10/25
|
|
بروناي دار السلام
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/18
|
|
بلغاريا
|
a. نعم
|
A municipality is the basic administratively-territorial unit in which self-administration is carried out. Citizens participate in the government of the municipality both through their elected organs of local self-administration and also directly through a referendum or a general meeting of the population.
مصدر:
Constitution, article 136.
http://www.parliament.bg/en/const (2014)
|
2014/10/02
|
|
بوركينا فاسو
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution as amended in 2015: http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/fr/bf/bf017fr.pdf (2015)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
ميانمار
|
a. نعم
|
If there arises a cause to re-delineate the territorial boundary of a Region or a State, the prior consent of the electorate residing within the township concerned shall be obtained. If more than half of the total number of eligible voters residing within the township concerned cast assenting vote for re-delineation of the territorial boundary, the consent of the Hluttaw representatives of the Region or State involved in the territorial boundary concerned shall be obtained.
مصدر:
Constitution of Myanmar, art. 53 (a): http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
|
2015/11/20
|
|
بوروندي
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=37&database_theme=309
|
2025/05/08
|
|
كمبوديا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791
|
2023/10/12
|
|
الكاميرون
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2018/11/07
|
|
كندا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
International Idea (2008):"Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook", (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm).
|
2025/03/28
|
|
الرأس الأخضر
|
a. نعم
|
The local referendum always has a deliberative effect.
مصدر:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 176 (b), 103 (5, 7): http://www.parlamento.cv/Downloads/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20Rep%C3%BAblica%20de%20Cabo%20verde,%202010.pdf (2016)
|
2026/04/05
|
|
جزر كايمان
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 69, 70: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2021/04/19
|
|
تشاد
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 008/PR/2005: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2005.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
شيلي
|
a. نعم
|
Article 118.- The municipalities may associate among themselves in accordance with the respective constitutional organic law, and such associations may enjoy legal personality under private law. Likewise, they may constitute or integrate non-profit corporations or foundations of private law whose purpose is the promotion and dissemination of art, culture and sports, or the promotion of community and productive development works. Municipal participation in them shall be governed by the aforementioned constitutional organic law. The municipalities may establish within the scope of the communes or group of communes, in accordance with the respective constitutional organic law, territories called neighborhood units, in order to promote a balanced development and an adequate channeling of citizen participation. The public services shall coordinate with the municipality when carrying out their work in the respective communal territory, in accordance with the law. The law shall determine the form and manner in which the ministries, public services and regional governments may transfer competencies to the municipalities, as well as the provisional or definitive nature of the transfer.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 118:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
|
2025/04/01
|
|
الصين
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/04
|
|
جزر كوكوس
|
a. نعم
|
Referendums are employed in the same manner in several of the Australian states. (International IDEA).
5F
(1) The Electoral Commissioner —
(a) subject to section 5E(1) is the chief executive officer of the Western Australian Electoral Commission; and
(ea) may conduct other elections, referendums or polls —
(i) if authorised to do so under another written law;
or
(ii) if they are provided for under another written law and the regulations authorise the Electoral Commissioner to conduct them;
(Western Australia Electoral Act 1907).
4.99
(3) Regulations may make necessary or convenient provisions in relation to preparing for, conducting and ascertaining the result of polls and referendums held by local governments, whether under local laws or otherwise, and for ensuring the purity of the conduct of them.
(Western Australia Local Government Act 1995).
مصدر:
International IDEA Handbook for Direct Democracy (2008), page 192: https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
Western Australia Electoral Act 1907, art. 5F: https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_290_homepage.html
Western Australia Local Government Act 1995, art. 4.99: https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_551_homepage.html
|
2019/08/02
|
|
كولومبيا
|
a. نعم
|
Upon the fulfillment of the requirements and formalities prescribed by the general statute of the territorial organization and in the cases determined by the latter, the governors or mayors, as the case may be , will be entitled to hold popular consultations to decide issues falling under the jurisdiction of the irrespective department or municipality.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 105:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016)
Law 134 of 1994 on political participation: “Ley 134-1994 de participación ciudadana”, art. 6, 35, 48, 51, 53, 56, 64, 70, 72:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/leyes-electorales/colombia-ley-134-de-1994-participacion-ciudadana/ (1994)
|
2024/12/13
|
|
جزر القمر
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution:http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016)
|
2025/09/30
|
|
الكونغو -- برازافيل
|
b. كلا
|
None governed by national electoral law.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 86, 180, 186: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017);
Election law of 24 November 2001, Art. 43: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-2001/view (2001)http://www.congo-site.com (2017)
Election law of 24 November 2001, Amended 2016, Art. 44, 45
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CG/congo-brazzaville-electoral-law-amendments-2016/view (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
الكونغو -- كينشاسا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution de la RDC (2011):http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/rdc-constitution-2011/
|
2016/11/30
|
|
كوستاريكا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Municipal Law: "Ley 7794, Código Municipal", art. 19: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-7794-codigo-municipal-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
كرواتيا
|
a. نعم
|
Article 133: (3) Citizens may directly participate in administering local affairs, through meetings, referenda and other forms of direct decision-making, in conformity with law and statute.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Croatia as revised on 06 July 2010, art. 133(3).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Croatia_2013?lang=en
|
2025/04/15
|
|
كوبا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 191, 200: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley No. 127, Ley Electoral”, art.: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-electoral-127-2019-ace/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley No. 135, de Revocación de los elegidos a los órganos del Poder Popular”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-ley-135-revocacion-mandato-2020-ace/
|
2023/09/12
|
|
قبرص
|
a. نعم
|
Art. 7(3) (a) The communities' desire for inclusion is expressed in a referendum, the conduct of which is ordered by the Minister as soon as possible and in the manner set out in Article 10 of this Law.
مصدر:
The Communities Law of 1999, Greek Version (Law 86(I)/1999), Art. 7:
http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/1999_1_86/full.html (2016);
The Municipalities and Community Councils of 2004, Greek Version (Law 98(I)/2004).
http://www.cylaw.org/nomoi/enop/non-ind/2004_1_98/full.html (2016).
|
2026/03/24
|
|
قبرص -- الشمالية
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/07
|
|
الجمهورية التشيكية
|
a. نعم
|
There are legal provisions for Direct Democracy at local level.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Czech Republic
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en
|
2018/03/02
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://cndj.ci/constitution.htm (2012)
|
2012/12/17
|
|
الدنمارك
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2016/10/14
|
|
جيبوتي
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution, as amended by Constitutional Law n° 134/AN/06/5 L of 21 Avril 2010: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en (2016)
Loi N°174/AN/02/4ème L portant Décentralisation et Statut des Régions.
http://www.region-alisabieh.dj/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Textes-fondateurs-de-la-Région-Loi-N-174-AN-02-4ème-L-portant-Décentralisation-et-Statut-des-Régions.pdf
|
2018/04/02
|
|
دومينيكا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/22
|
|
جمهورية الدومينيكان
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 203: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
|
2020/02/05
|
|
الاكوادور
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República del Ecuador”, art. 104, 106, 245, 257, 398: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/ ; Direct Democracy Law: “Ley Orgánica de Participación Ciudadana”, art. 20, 21, 23: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-ley-participacion-ciudadana-2011/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
مصر
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/30
|
|
السلفادور
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
غينيا الاستوائية
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011
|
2012/10/03
|
|
استونيا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2015/03/03
|
|
أثيوبيا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution;
Electoral Law as amended by Proclamation No. 532/2007: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ET/ethiopia-proclamatio-no.-532-2007-amending-the/view
|
2015/05/18
|
|
جزر فوكلاند
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
فيجي
|
b. كلا
|
No legal provisions exist for referendums or other forms of direct democracy at regional or local levels. Direct democracy mechanisms are limited to the national level.
مصدر:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
Figi Local Government Act Cap 125 Rev. 1985
http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/fij99044.pdf
|
2026/04/03
|
|
فنلندا
|
a. نعم
|
Section 14: Every Finnish citizen and every foreigner permanently resident in Finland, having attained eighteen years of age, has the right to vote in municipal elections and municipal referendums, as provided by an Act. Provisions on the right to otherwise participate in municipal government are laid down by an Act.
Section 30
Municipal referenda
The council can decide to hold a referendum on any matter resting with the local authority.
Referenda are advisory.
A referendum can be held on a matter concerning the whole area of the local authority or some component area. Said component area shall then comprise one or more voting districts as referred to in the Act on Municipal Elections.
All persons entitled to vote shall have an equal voting right. Voting shall be confidential. There are separate provisions on the procedure to be followed in a municipal referendum.
Section 31
Referendum proposals
Local residents representing at least five per cent of those entitled to vote may propose a referendum. The council shall decide without delay whether to hold a referendum as proposed.
مصدر:
Constitution, Section 14: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012);
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) pp. 86
https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
Act on the procedure for holding municipal consultative referenda (656/1990)http://www.legislationline.org/documents/id/6030
|
2019/04/02
|
|
فرنسا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution, Art. 72-1;
General Code of regional authorities, Art. LO1112-1 to LO1112-7
|
2020/06/20
|
|
غابون
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution (as amended in 2011)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_1997?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
غامبيا
|
a. نعم
|
The mandate of a Chairperson or an Mandate of a elected member of a Council may be revoked by at least 50% of the electorate of the electoral area concerned.
مصدر:
Local Government Act NO.5 of 2002, Art. 22: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GM/gambia-local-government-act-no.5-of-2002/view (2017)
|
2017/03/21
|
|
جورجيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution of Georgia:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/24
|
|
ألمانيا
|
a. نعم
|
Regional and Local citizens initiatives and direct democracy provisions exist in the Constitution.
For instance, in each Land, county and municipality the people shall be represented by a body chosen in general, direct, free, equal and secret elections.
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution, Art. 28 (1)
https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.html
|
2021/11/29
|
|
غانا
|
a. نعم
|
Subject to any procedure established by law, the mandate of a member of a District Assembly may be revoked by the electorate or the appointing body. Constitution, art. 249
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1996), art. 249: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/
|
2016/10/05
|
|
جبل طارق
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2019/11/04
|
|
اليونان
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008?lang=en
|
2020/07/26
|
|
جرينلاند
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2012/06/14
|
|
غرينادا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
غوام
|
a. نعم
|
The provisions for Direct Democracy apply to all levels of Guam.
مصدر:
3 Guam Code Ch. 1:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc001.PDF ;
3 Guam Code Ch. 16:
http://www.guamcourts.org/CompilerofLaws/GCA/03gca/3gc016.PDF
|
2020/10/28
|
|
غواتيمالا
|
d. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf
|
2023/05/29
|
|
غينيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution (2010): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
غينيا بيساو
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
هايتي
|
d. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
|
2015/04/08
|
|
الفاتيكان
|
d. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
|
2012/05/14
|
|
هندوراس
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de 1982", art. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Direct Democracy Law: "Ley de mecanismos de participación ciudadana (2013)”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-democracia-directa-2013/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
هونج كونج
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2021/06/07
|
|
هنغاريا
|
a. نعم
|
A local referendum may be held on any matter within the responsibilities and competences of local governments as defined by law.
مصدر:
Constitution: The Fundamental Law of Hungary, The State, Article 31(2): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
أيسلندا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/20
|
|
الهند
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
Legal provisions for direct democracy measures are not found in the Constitution or Representation of the Peoples Act.
مصدر:
The Constitution of India: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-constitution-as-amended-to-2007/view
Representation of the People Act, 1950: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/03_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201950.pdf
Representation of the People Act, 1951: http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/04_representation%20of%20the%20people%20act%2C%201951.pdf
|
2024/09/11
|
|
اندونيسيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-constitution/view
|
2014/04/02
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
IDEA: Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=105&database_theme=309
|
2024/11/19
|
|
العراق
|
a. نعم
|
Each region or governorate may adopt any other local language as an additional official language if the majority of its population so decides in a general referendum.
In addition, one or more governorates shall have the right to organize into a region based on a request to be voted on in a referendum submitted in one of
the following two methods: 1) A request by one-third of the council members of each governorate intending to form a region. 2) A request by one-tenth of the voters in each of the governorates intending to form a region.
مصدر:
Iraqi Constitution, Article 4(5), 119: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/Full%20Text%20of%20Iraqi%20Constitution.pdf/view
|
2018/04/19
|
|
أيرلندا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=107&database_theme=309
|
2024/11/21
|
|
اسرائيل
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
International IDEA Direct Democracy Handbook:
https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2019/06/13
|
|
إيطاليا
|
a. نعم
|
The boundaries of regions and provinces can be modified with a referendum requested by the population involved. Each region has its own statute, and according to the Constitution it must contain direct democracy mechanisms for sub-national matters.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 123 and 138
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en
|
2020/07/18
|
|
اليابان
|
a. نعم
|
Constitution Article 95. A special law, applicable only to one local public entity, cannot be enacted by the Diet without the consent of the majority of the voters of the local public entity concerned, obtained in accordance with law.
Recalls are also done through plebiscite.
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008): https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook_0.pdf
Constitution Art.95: https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
Local Autonomy Act Art.261: https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/search/elawsSearch/elaws_search/lsg0500/detail?lawId=322AC0000000067#1
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication: http://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/naruhodo/naruhodo06.html
|
2019/07/10
|
|
جيرسي
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
الأردن
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.representatives.jo/pdf/constitution_en.pdf (2012)
|
2012/08/17
|
|
كازاخستان
|
b. كلا
|
The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan stipulates for national referenda as a form of direct democracy.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan: amended on June 9th, 2021. Article 3:
https://www.akorda.kz/en/constitution-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-50912
|
2024/10/24
|
|
كيريباتي
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2020/05/03
|
|
جمهورية كوريا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=119&database_theme=309
|
2024/08/28
|
|
الكويت
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013)
|
2013/01/30
|
|
قيرغيزستان
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=121&database_theme=309
|
2025/05/07
|
|
جمهورية لاو الديمقراطية
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Constitution/view
|
2021/02/28
|
|
لاتفيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2014/10/03
|
|
لبنان
|
d. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
ليسوتو
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
|
2017/07/19
|
|
ليبيريا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
National Electoral Commission, Referendum Regulations (May 2016), http://www.necliberia.org/doc_download/8%20Referendum%20Regulations.pdf?a4705305cd27e04fb1f66830e7e0ef9d=Mg%3D%3D
|
2024/10/25
|
|
الجماهيرية العربية الليبية
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2024/11/25
|
|
ليختنشتاين
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/direct-democracy-international-idea-handbook
|
2022/08/02
|
|
ليتوانيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm)
|
2016/07/22
|
|
لوكسمبورغ
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=130&database_theme=309
|
2024/11/21
|
|
مقدونيا ، الجمهورية اليوغوسلافية السابقة
|
a. نعم
|
Constitution:
Article 115:
In units of local self-government, citizens directly and through representatives participate in decision-making on issues of local relevance particularly in the fields of urban planning, communal activities, culture, sport, social security and child care, preschool education, primary education, basic health care and other fields determined by law.
Article 117: In the City of Skopje, citizens directly and through representatives participate in decision-making on issues of relevance for the City of Skopje particularly in the field of urban planning, communal activities, culture, sport, social security and child care, preschool education, primary education, basic health care and other fields determined by law.
Law on Referendum :
Article 82
(1) The gathering of citizens shall be called for the purpose of citizens stating their opinion on
particular issues being relevant to the local self-government and for the purpose of initiation of
initiatives regarding the settlement of issues with local importance.
(2) At the gathering the citizens shall consider issues, take stands and make proposals upon issues of
direct and everyday importance for the life and the work of the citizens in the municipality region
that is the local self-government
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia, art. 115 and 117.
https://www.sobranie.mk/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-macedonia-ns_article-constitution-of-the-republic-of-north-macedonia.nspx
Law on Referendum and other forms of direct vote of citizens, art. 82-85:
https://legislationline.org/sites/default/files/documents/a9/NMAC_on%20referendum.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
مدغشقر
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/12
|
|
ملاوي
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
ماليزيا
|
d. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
جزر المالديف
|
b. كلا
|
Neither constitution, regulations for local councils' election nor lkocal council election regulation 2013 have provisions for direct democracy at sub-national levels.
مصدر:
Constitution 2008: http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2013)
|
2019/02/15
|
|
مالي
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/23
|
|
مالطا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/05/22
|
|
جزر مارشال
|
b. كلا
|
No provisions in Local Government Act, as amended.
مصدر:
Local Government Act, as amended. http://rmiparliament.org/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1975/1975-0004/LocalGovernmentAct1980_1.pdf
|
2023/10/12
|
|
موريتانيا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2024/10/28
|
|
موريشيوس
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/02/25
|
|
المكسيك
|
a. نعم
|
Mexico is a federal State where each of its have adopted direct democracy instruments for their own jurisdictions.
مصدر:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado C]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular", arts. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/ ;
Constitutions and electoral legal frameworks of Mexico’s 32 states.
|
2024/04/12
|
|
ميكرونيزيا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2025/03/28
|
|
مولدوفا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
b) There are no legal provisions in this regard. However, local referenda are held on an ad hoc basis. For instance, according to Statistics Norway, 13 local referenda were held in 2011.
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012);
Official Website of Statistics Norway: http://www.ssb.no/folkavs_kostra_en/ (2012)
|
2021/03/30
|
|
موناكو
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution
|
2012/04/27
|
|
منغوليا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 25 (1.16), 66, 68: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001?lang=en (2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
الجبل الأسود
|
a. نعم
|
Constitution: Article 113: In the local self-government the decisions shall be made directly and through the freely elected representatives.
Law: Article 2: (2) Referendum in a municipality, the capital city of the Republic i.e. the administrative center shall be called for the purpose of a prior pronouncement of citizens on specific issues lying within the competence of the municipal assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, SU-SK Ref. no. 01-514/12, 19 October 2007, art. 113(1).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2013?lang=en
Law: Law on Referendum as of 19 February 2001, art. 2(2).
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL(2005)076-e
|
2021/12/25
|
|
المغرب
|
a. نعم
|
Article 139(b): The citizens [feminine] and the citizens [masculine] and the associations can exercise the right of petition with a view of demanding the inclusion [inscription] in the agenda of the Council, a question relevant to its competence.
مصدر:
Morocco's Constitution of 2011, Article 139: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
موزامبيق
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/Legisla/constituicao_republica/constituicao.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/15
|
|
ناميبيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
ناورو
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
No provisions for direct democracy in national electoral laws or Constitution.
مصدر:
Constitution; Electoral Act 2016.
|
2019/07/11
|
|
نيبال
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2018/04/06
|
|
هولندا
|
d. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
Three provinces (out of a total of 12) currently have legislation that provide for referenda. Only 41 out of 408 local authorities / municipalities have local legislation on referendums. The referendum regulations of the municipality of Halderberge are cited here as an example. All local authorities have provisions for agenda initiatives.
مصدر:
Referendum Regulation for the Province of Limburg: http://www.limburg.nl/dsresource?objectid=21795&type=org&highlight=Referendumverordening; Referendum Regulation for the Province of North Holland: http://decentrale.regelgeving.overheid.nl/cvdr/XHTMLoutput/Actueel/Noord-Holland/83192.html; Referendum Regulation ofr the Province of Friesland: http://www.fryslan.nl/8154/referendumverordening-fryslan-2005/; Regulation on the Consultative Referendum: http://decentrale.regelgeving.overheid.nl/cvdr/xhtmloutput/Historie/Halderberge/31687/31687_1.htm
|
2022/08/02
|
|
نيوزيلندا
|
b. كلا
|
No, but the Local Government Act of 2002 does provide a legal framework for consultation with persons effected by any decision or other matter taken by a local authority.
مصدر:
Elections New Zealand Official Website: http://www.elections.org.nz/voting-system/referenda (2017) ;
Local Government Act of 2002 Sections 82-27:
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0084/latest/DLM170873.html?search=qs_act%40bill%40regulation%40deemedreg_local+government+act_resel_25_h&p=1&sr=1
|
2024/09/04
|
|
نيكاراغوا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2016/06/07
|
|
النيجر
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution of 25 November 2010 with its amendments: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Niger_2010.pdf (2016);
Ordinance No. 2010-96 of 28 December 2010 establishing the Electoral Code: http://www.electionpassport.com/files/Niger-Electoral-Code-2010.pdf (2016)
|
2016/05/04
|
|
نيجيريا
|
a. نعم
|
A member of the House of Assembly may be recalled as such a member if there is presented to the Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission a petition in that behalf signed by more than one-half of the persons registered to vote in that member's constituency alleging their loss of confidence in that member and the petition is thereafter, in a referendum conducted by the Independent National Electoral Commission within ninety days of the date of the receipt of the petition, approved by a simple majority of the votes of the persons registered to vote in that member's constituency.
A member of an Area Council may be recalled as a member if there is presented to the Chairman of the Commission a petition in that behalf signed by not less than one-half of the persons registered to vote in that member’s constituency alleging their loss of confidence in that member and which signatures are duly verified by the Independent National Electoral Commission and the petition is thereafter approved in a referendum conducted by the
Commission within 90 days of the date of the receipt of the petition by a simple majority of the votes of the persons registered to vote in that member’s constituency.
مصدر:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 110: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013);
Electoral Act 2010, art. 116: http://www.inecnigeria.org/downloads/?did=5 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
نيوي
|
b. كلا
|
No provisions for direct democracy at the local level.
مصدر:
Constitution; Village Councils Act 1967, as amended.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
جزر ماريانا الشمالية
|
b. كلا
|
|
2024/12/11
|
|
النرويج
|
b. كلا
|
b) There are no legal provisions in this regard. However, local referenda are held on an ad hoc basis. For instance, according to Statistics Norway, 13 local referenda were held in 2011.
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012);
Official Website of Statistics Norway: http://www.ssb.no/folkavs_kostra_en/ (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
عمان
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en
|
2025/05/12
|
|
باكستان
|
b. كلا
|
Ther are no Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at the sub-national levels.
مصدر:
International IDEA Direct Democracy Database: https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=169&database_theme=309
|
2024/02/07
|
|
بالاو
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2016/11/09
|
|
فلسطين
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Palestinian Basic Law: http://www.osservatorioiraq.it/sites/default/files/Palestinian%20Basic%20Law%20with%20Amendements%20-%20english.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/09
|
|
بنما
|
a. نعم
|
The merging of municipalities, municipal citizen initiatives and referendums, and recall of municipal authorities.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 151, 238, 239: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral”, art. 498–508: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-codigo-electoral-2023/
Official Website of the Electoral Tribunal: http://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/html/index.php?id=73
|
2024/12/05
|
|
بابوا غينيا الجديدة
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Organic Law on National and Local-level Government Elections (1997)
http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/olonalge519/
|
2017/03/16
|
|
باراغواي
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Electoral Law: Código Electoral Paraguayo (Ley 834/96), art. 259-275:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/paraguay-codigo-electoral-2014/ (2014)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
بيرو
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution as amended by Law N° 29402 of 2011, art. 190: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/constitucion/peru-constitucion-politica-2011/ (2016);
Law Nº 26300 on Political participation and control rights of the citizens:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-de-los-derechos-de-participacion-y/ (2016)
|
2016/02/18
|
|
الفلبين
|
a. نعم
|
Constitution, Art. X, Sec. 3: The Congress shall enact a local government code which shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization with effective mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide for the qualifications, election, appointment and removal, term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local officials, and all other matters relating to the organization and operation of the local units.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. X, Sec. 3: http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/ (2016);
Republic Act No. 6735 "The Initiative and Referendum Act": http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=References/RelatedLaws/ElectionLaws/OtherElectionLaws/RA6735 (2016)
|
2016/05/12
|
|
بولندا
|
a. نعم
|
Members of a self-governing community may decide, by means of a referendum, matters concerning their community, including the dismissal of an organ of local government established by direct election. The principles of and procedures for conducting a local referendum shall be specified by statute.
مصدر:
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April, 1997, as amended in 2009, article 170: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009
|
2024/11/13
|
|
البرتغال
|
a. نعم
|
Article 240:
1. In the cases, under the terms and with the efficacy laid down by law, local authorities may submit matters that are included in the competences of their organs to referendum the respective registered electors. 2) The law may attribute the right to initiate referenda to registered electors.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision [2005], Article 240:
https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN/Parliament/Documents/Constitution7th.pdf
|
2024/10/10
|
|
بورتوريكو
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. VII (s. 1, 2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/ ;
Electoral Law: “Código Electoral de Puerto Rico de 2020”, art. 11.001–11.010: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-ley-58-2020-codigo-electoral-2020/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
قطر
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 75: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/country?country=181&database_theme=309
|
2025/05/08
|
|
رومانيا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2014/10/29
|
|
Russian Federation
|
a. نعم
|
Article 130: 2. Local self-government shall be exercised by citizens through a referendum, election, other forms of direct expression of the will of the people, through elected and other bodies of local self-government.
مصدر:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation, amended as of 9 June 2001, art. 130(2): http://www.constitution.ru/index.htm
|
2024/03/29
|
|
رواندا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution (2015): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/rwanda-constitution-versions-francaise-et-anglaise/
|
2018/11/02
|
|
سانت كيتس ونيفيس
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2020/04/26
|
|
سانت لوسيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2009/10/26
|
|
سانت فنسنت وغرينادين
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Electoral Law
|
2021/12/27
|
|
ساموا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2021/04/10
|
|
سان مارينو
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2012/05/28
|
|
ساو تومي وبرينسيبي
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) (http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
Constitution, Art. 123(2): http://www.gov.st/data/filestorage/docs/constistp.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
المملكة العربية السعودية
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
The Basic Law of Governance: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
السنغال
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution 2012: http://www.assemblee-nationale.sn/images/stories/PDF/constitution_du_senegal.pdf (2013)
English: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2009?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/22
|
|
صربيا
|
a. نعم
|
Article 182
Territory of autonomous provinces and the terms under which borders between autonomous provinces may be altered shall be regulated by the Law. Territory of autonomous provinces may not be altered without the consent of its citizens given in a referendum, in accordance with the Law.
Article 188
Establishment, revocation or alteration of the territory of a local self-government unit shall be preceded by a referendum on the territory of that local self-government unit.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, art. 182, 188.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Serbia_2006#s460
|
2017/03/15
|
|
سيشيل
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011)
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SC/seychelles-constitution-2011/view
|
2025/03/03
|
|
سيراليون
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution (2008): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/16
|
|
سنغافورة
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2010?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
سلوفاكيا
|
a. نعم
|
Table 8.4. Frequency of usage of direct democracy mechanisms at the national
level in Europe
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook. Page 186: https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
|
2024/10/25
|
|
سلوفينيا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2026/04/03
|
|
جزر سليمان
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution of 1978,amended 2014: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en.(2019)
|
2019/03/01
|
|
الصومال
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Transitional Constitution of 2012:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
جنوب أفريقيا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/05/01
|
|
جنوب السودان
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Transitional Constitution 2011: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012)
|
2021/06/02
|
|
اسبانيا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Junta Electoral Central Official Website: http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/portal/page/portal/JuntaElectoralCentral/JuntaElectoralCentral/Referendos/Autonomico (2012)
|
2025/04/24
|
|
سري لانكا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2016/02/15
|
|
سودان
|
a. نعم
|
The people of Southern Sudan shall have the right to self-determination through a referendum to determine their future status.
Simultaneously with the referendum for southern Sudan, the residents of Abyei Area shall vote in a separate referendum, which shall present the residents of Abyei Area, irrespective of the results of the Southern Sudan Referendum, with the following choices:-
(a) that Abyei Area retain its special administrative status in the north,
(b) that Abyei Area be part of Bahr el Ghazal.
مصدر:
The Interim National Constitution of 2005, art. 183 (3), 219, 220, 221: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ba749762.html (2012)
|
2012/09/04
|
|
سورينام
|
b. كلا
|
There are no legal provisions in this regard.
مصدر:
Constitution: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
سوازيلاند
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2012/06/12
|
|
السويد
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm (2012);
Fact sheet on referenda provided by the Information Department of the Riksdag: www.riksdagen.se/.../Faktablad_E14.pdf (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
سويسرا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Electoral Law of 17 December 1976 Regulating political rights, Art. 67, 67a, 67b: http://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19760323/index.html (2014)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008) http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2014/06/03
|
|
تايوان
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2020/04/13
|
|
طاجيكستان
|
b. كلا
|
|
2025/02/18
|
|
تنزانيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.tz.undp.org/ESP/docs/Legal_Documents/Tanzania_Constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/13
|
|
تايلاند
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Thailand_2017
|
2023/10/11
|
|
تيمور - ليشتي
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste: https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
|
2024/11/14
|
|
توغو
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,TGO,456d621e2,48ef43c72,0.html (2013)
|
2013/01/10
|
|
تونغا
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2021/09/15
|
|
ترينيداد وتوباغو
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/ ;
Electoral Law: “Representation of the People Act”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-rop-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
تونس
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
The Constitution of 26 January 2014: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-constitution-of-26-january-2014/view (2014);
Organic Law n° 2014-16 of 26 May 2014 on Elections and Referenda: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-organic-law-on-elections-and-referenda/view (2014).
|
2014/10/23
|
|
تركيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook, 2008: http://www.idea.int/publications/direct_democracy/index.cfm
|
2015/06/01
|
|
تركمانستان
|
a. نعم
|
Local referendums can be carried out for decision of major questions of state and public life.
The right to conduct local referendum belongs to Gengesh on its territory, or
at the suggestion of no less than one quarter of voters residing in that territory.
مصدر:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2008), art. 94 (1), 96: http://www.legislationline.org/documents/section/constitutions/country/51 (2013);
Law on Referendum of Turkmenistan (1993), art. 1, 5 & 10
|
2013/03/06
|
|
جزر تركس وكايكوس
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/ ;
Final Report of the Electoral Observation Mission conducted by the British Islands and Mediterranean Region (BIMR) of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA UK) between 8th and 18th December 2016: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-cpa-uk-bimr-eom-final-report-2016/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
توفالو
|
b. كلا
|
There are no provisions for direct democracy at sub-national levels.
مصدر:
Constitution; Falekaupule Act as amended; Kaupule (Elections) Regulations as amended.
|
2012/06/20
|
|
أوغندا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 255 (1-a): http://www.ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf
|
2026/03/18
|
|
أوكرانيا
|
a. نعم
|
Territorial communities of a village, settlement, and city, directly or through the local self-government bodies established by them, shall ensure holding of local referendums and implementation of their results.
مصدر:
Constitution, (latest amended 2016) art. 38, 143:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80
|
2019/03/12
|
|
الامارات
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Constitution: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
المملكة المتحدة
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Direct Democracy: The International IDEA Handbook (2008)
http://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/direct-democracy-the-international-idea-handbook.pdf
Local Government Act 2000. Part II
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/22/contents
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/22/part/II/crossheading/referendums
|
2025/06/30
|
|
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
|
a. نعم
|
Some states have provisions for direct democracy at the state-level.
مصدر:
https://ballotpedia.org/Forms_of_direct_democracy_in_the_American_states
|
2020/10/21
|
|
أوروغواي
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, art. 304, 305, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/19
|
|
أوزبكستان
|
a. نعم
|
The Republic of Karakalpakstan shall have the right to secede from the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of a nation-wide referendum held by the people of Karakalpakstan.
مصدر:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Article 89: https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index
|
2024/08/26
|
|
فانواتو
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2016/01/27
|
|
فنزويلا
|
a. نعم
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, arts. 71, 206: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/ ;
Organic Law on Municipal Authorities (Ley Orgánica del Poder Público Municipal) (2015), art. 10, 15, 22, 259 (8), 274: http://www.cne.gob.ve/web/normativa_electoral/ley_organica_regimen_municipal/indice.php
|
2020/11/15
|
|
فيتنام
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
مصدر:
Constitution of 1992 as amended:
http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10450 (2016)
|
2021/03/25
|
|
الجزر العذراء البريطانية
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2019/03/05
|
|
الجزر العذراء ، الولايات المتحدة
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
الصحراء الغربية
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
اليمن
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2012/08/22
|
|
زامبيا
|
b. كلا
|
مصدر:
Electoral Law: Referendum Act (Chapter 14).
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/acts/Referendum%20Act.pdf (2016)
|
2016/06/28
|
|
زنجبار
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2016/04/05
|
|
زيمبابوي
|
c. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2023/09/25
|
