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 Comparative Data 	
 
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	   Are constituencies delimited for election purposes? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   On what criteria are the boundaries drawn? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is: 
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   How is the Head of State selected? 
	   
          
	   How is the Head of Government selected? 
	   
          
	   Does the country have a president? 
	   
          
	   The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers): 
	   
          
	   What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   The national electoral law covers: 
	   
          
	   Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   
	   
          
	   Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at: 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by: 
	   
          
	   The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by: 
	   
          
	   The term of the members of the national electoral management body is: 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   What is the Electoral Management model? 
	   
          
	   The EMB is composed of: 
	   
          
	   The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their: 
	   
          
	   The EMB members/commissioners are selected by: 
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)? 
	   
          
	   At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted? 
	   
          
	   Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   What is the legal voting age in the national elections? 
	   
          
	   Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Is it compulsory to be on the voters register? 
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   What is the basis of the public funding? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Are political parties entitled to private funding? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Under what conditions are ballots recounted? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period? 
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   
	   
          
	   Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level? 
	   
          
	   Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level? 
	   
          
	   Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level? 
	   
          
	   Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level? 
	   
          
	   Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level? 
	   
          
	   Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding? 
	   
          
	   Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues? 
	   
          
	   Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
          
          
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   Where can electors vote? 
	   
          
	   Who can vote from outside the country? 
	   
          
	   If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places? 
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   
	   
          
	   How do electors cast their votes? 
	   
          
	   
	   
            
	   
   
    
Detailed Data 
Table by question Table by country  
CSV/Excel by question CSV/Excel by country  
Comparative Data is a systematic collection of election-related statistics and data covering more than 200 countries and 11 different topics. The data is gathered by the ACE through collaboration with EMBs around the world. To access the data, click on any of the topics or choose a country from the drop-down menu. 
           
                Country/Territory 
                
                    Afghanistan 
                
                
                    Albania 
                
                
                    Algeria 
                
                
                    American Samoa 
                
                
                    Andorra 
                
                
                    Angola 
                
                
                    Anguilla 
                
                
                    Antigua and Barbuda 
                
                
                    Argentina 
                
                
                    Armenia 
                
                
                    Aruba 
                
                
                    Australia 
                
                
                    Austria 
                
                
                    Azerbaijan 
                
                
                    Bahamas 
                
                
                    Bahrain 
                
                
                    Bangladesh 
                
                
                    Barbados 
                
                
                    Belarus 
                
                
                    Belgium 
                
                
                    Belize 
                
                
                    Benin 
                
                
                    Bermuda 
                
                
                    Bhutan 
                
                
                    Bolivia 
                
                
                    Bosnia and Herzegovina 
                
                
                    Botswana 
                
                
                    Brazil 
                
                
                    Brunei Darussalam 
                
                
                    Bulgaria 
                
                
                    Burkina Faso 
                
                
                    Burma (Myanmar) 
                
                
                    Burundi 
                
                
                    Cambodia 
                
                
                    Cameroon 
                
                
                    Canada 
                
                
                    Cape Verde 
                
                
                    Cayman Islands 
                
                
                    Central African Republic 
                
                
                    Chad 
                
                
                    Chile 
                
                
                    China 
                
                
                    Christmas Island 
                
                
                    Cocos (keeling) Islands 
                
                
                    Colombia 
                
                
                    Comoros 
                
                
                    Congo (Brazzaville) 
                
                
                    Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the 
                
                
                    Cook Islands 
                
                
                    Costa Rica 
                
                
                    Croatia 
                
                
                    Cuba 
                
                
                    Cyprus 
                
                
                    Cyprus (North) 
                
                
                    Czech Republic 
                
                
                    Côte d'Ivoire 
                
                
                    Denmark 
                
                
                    Djibouti 
                
                
                    Dominica 
                
                
                    Dominican Republic 
                
                
                    Ecuador 
                
                
                    Egypt 
                
                
                    El Salvador 
                
                
                    Equatorial Guinea 
                
                
                    Eritrea 
                
                
                    Estonia 
                
                
                    Ethiopia 
                
                
                    Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 
                
                
                    Faroe Islands 
                
                
                    Fiji 
                
                
                    Finland 
                
                
                    France 
                
                
                    French Guiana 
                
                
                    French Polynesia 
                
                
                    Gabon 
                
                
                    Gambia 
                
                
                    Georgia 
                
                
                    Germany 
                
                
                    Ghana 
                
                
                    Gibraltar 
                
                
                    Greece 
                
                
                    Greenland 
                
                
                    Grenada 
                
                
                    Guadeloupe 
                
                
                    Guam 
                
                
                    Guatemala 
                
                
                    Guernsey 
                
                
                    Guinea 
                
                
                    Guinea-Bissau 
                
                
                    Guyana 
                
                
                    Haiti 
                
                
                    Holy See (Vatican City State) 
                
                
                    Honduras 
                
                
                    Hong Kong 
                
                
                    Hungary 
                
                
                    Iceland 
                
                
                    India 
                
                
                    Indonesia 
                
                
                    Iran, Islamic Republic of 
                
                
                    Iraq 
                
                
                    Ireland 
                
                
                    Israel 
                
                
                    Italy 
                
                
                    Jamaica 
                
                
                    Japan 
                
                
                    Jersey 
                
                
                    Jordan 
                
                
                    Kazakhstan 
                
                
                    Kenya 
                
                
                    Kiribati 
                
                
                    Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 
                
                
                    Korea, Republic of 
                
                
                    Kuwait 
                
                
                    Kyrgyzstan 
                
                
                    Lao People's Democratic Republic 
                
                
                    Latvia 
                
                
                    Lebanon 
                
                
                    Lesotho 
                
                
                    Liberia 
                
                
                    Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 
                
                
                    Liechtenstein 
                
                
                    Lithuania 
                
                
                    Luxembourg 
                
                
                    Macau 
                
                
                    Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of 
                
                
                    Madagascar 
                
                
                    Malawi 
                
                
                    Malaysia 
                
                
                    Maldives 
                
                
                    Mali 
                
                
                    Malta 
                
                
                    Man, Isle of 
                
                
                    Marshall Islands 
                
                
                    Martinique 
                
                
                    Mauritania 
                
                
                    Mauritius 
                
                
                    Mayotte 
                
                
                    Mexico 
                
                
                    Micronesia, Federated States of 
                
                
                    Moldova, Republic of 
                
                
                    Monaco 
                
                
                    Mongolia 
                
                
                    Montenegro 
                
                
                    Montserrat 
                
                
                    Morocco 
                
                
                    Mozambique 
                
                
                    Namibia 
                
                
                    Nauru 
                
                
                    Nepal 
                
                
                    Netherlands 
                
                
                    Netherlands Antilles 
                
                
                    New Caledonia 
                
                
                    New Zealand 
                
                
                    Nicaragua 
                
                
                    Niger 
                
                
                    Nigeria 
                
                
                    Niue 
                
                
                    Norfolk Islands 
                
                
                    Northern Mariana Islands 
                
                
                    Norway 
                
                
                    Oman 
                
                
                    Pakistan 
                
                
                    Palau 
                
                
                    Palestine 
                
                
                    Panama 
                
                
                    Papua New Guinea 
                
                
                    Paraguay 
                
                
                    Peru 
                
                
                    Philippines 
                
                
                    Pitcairn Islands 
                
                
                    Poland 
                
                
                    Portugal 
                
                
                    Puerto Rico 
                
                
                    Qatar 
                
                
                    Romania 
                
                
                    Russian Federation 
                
                
                    Rwanda 
                
                
                    Réunion 
                
                
                    Saint Helena 
                
                
                    Saint Kitts and Nevis 
                
                
                    Saint Lucia 
                
                
                    Saint Pierre and Miquelon 
                
                
                    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 
                
                
                    Samoa 
                
                
                    San Marino 
                
                
                    Sao Tome and Principe 
                
                
                    Saudi Arabia 
                
                
                    Senegal 
                
                
                    Serbia 
                
                
                    Seychelles 
                
                
                    Sierra Leone 
                
                
                    Singapore 
                
                
                    Slovakia 
                
                
                    Slovenia 
                
                
                    Solomon Islands 
                
                
                    Somalia 
                
                
                    South Africa 
                
                
                    South Sudan 
                
                
                    Spain 
                
                
                    Sri Lanka 
                
                
                    Sudan 
                
                
                    Suriname 
                
                
                    Swaziland 
                
                
                    Sweden 
                
                
                    Switzerland 
                
                
                    Syrian Arab Republic 
                
                
                    Taiwan 
                
                
                    Tajikistan 
                
                
                    Tanzania, United Republic of 
                
                
                    Thailand 
                
                
                    Timor-Leste 
                
                
                    Togo 
                
                
                    Tokelau 
                
                
                    Tonga 
                
                
                    Trinidad and Tobago 
                
                
                    Tunisia 
                
                
                    Turkey 
                
                
                    Turkmenistan 
                
                
                    Turks and Caicos Islands 
                
                
                    Tuvalu 
                
                
                    Uganda 
                
                
                    Ukraine 
                
                
                    United Arab Emirates 
                
                
                    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 
                
                
                    United States of America 
                
                
                    Uruguay 
                
                
                    Uzbekistan 
                
                
                    Vanuatu 
                
                
                    Venezuela 
                
                
                    Viet Nam 
                
                
                    Virgin Islands, British 
                
                
                    Virgin Islands, U.S. 
                
                
                    Wallis and Futuna 
                
                
                    Western Sahara 
                
                
                    Yemen 
                
                
                    Zambia 
                
                
                    Zanzibar 
                
                
                    Zimbabwe