Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
ACE, October 22. 2014This question is posed by ACE on behalf of Malcom Cartagena.
Question
Newspapers in my country have recently started to use drones on election day to take panoramic pictures of polling stations. I would like to know if there are any electoral rules or regulations in your countries about these devices. I'm concerned about political parties potentially using drones to photograph people casting their vote and thus violating the secrecy of voting.
Los periódicos en El Salvador comenzaron a hacer uso de drones el día de la elección para tomar imágenes panorámicas de las mesas de votación. Quisiera saber si hay alguna ley o reglamentación electoral en algún país respecto de estos aparatos. Me preocupa que los partidos políticos usen los drones para captar el momento en que los ciudadanos emiten su voto, violando así la secrecía del sufragio.
Summary of Responses
PN members addressed the question by citing examples from areas of their expertise regarding rules on voting day photography and the potential ramification of drones on voting activity. The general focus was the idea of voting transparency and secrecy, and how drones could have negative affects on voting integrity.
- Drones and Voting Secrecy
- The justification for the presence of drones above crowds of voters on election day is that they are used to take panoramic photographs for media purposes. However, the technological capacity of drone cameras has dangerous potential: the potential to photograph voters' choices from above, thus jeopardizing the secrecy of the voting process.
- Potential Effects on Voter Behavior
- The effects of drone surveillance at elections would be characterized as “intimidating.” In developed countries, the idea of having drones that could potentially record who votes for who and storing that data could influence the decision-making process of voters. In developing countries, especially in countries with high levels of political violence, this affect would be even more pronounced, causing both low voter turnout and coerced voting for the intimidating candidate.
- Countries Named as Prohibiting Election Day Drones in Polling Areas
- Mozambique
- Ghana
- Senegal
- Kenya
- United States (highly regulated, allowed for media use outside of polling areas)
- Legal Justification for the Banning of Drones on Election Day
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 25 (B): Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors.
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 21 (3): The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
- Suggestions for Drone Restrictions
- Keep voting polls in enclosed areas: no open-air polling booths
- Maintain legislation in prohibiting photography in and around voting booths; treat drones as a media tool like other cameras.
- Prohibit all drones within 48 hours of elections, especially in developing regions with open-air polling booths
- Provide voter education on the presence of drones
Contributing Members
- Manuel Wally
- Chris Kyriakides
- Gambo Sani
- Ngondo Ndjondo Abbel
- Achuh Owen Teheng
- Atem Oben Henry Ekpeni
- Gerard Le Marec
- Denise Nzisabira
- Lourenco Chiluvane
- Evelyne Ogandaga
- Vincent de Paul Taty
- Ababacar Fall
- Abdiwahidi Hussein
External Resources
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
nardone, October 22. 2014En este caso el problema radica en la organización electoral al utilizar locales o lugares de comicios al exterior sin posibilidad de proteger la elección del ciudadano, ya q es fácil intuir que por lo que ud comenta. Un dron no podría ingresar con facilidad a un lugar cerrado. En cuanto a legislaciones debería consultar a la autoridad aeronáutica competente que es la suele regular el espacio aéreo. existen antecedentes en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica donde el vuelo con estos aparatos está reglamentado.
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Manuel Wally, October 23. 2014Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Chris Kyriakides, October 23. 2014As Manuel mentioned violating the secrecy of the vote can certainly be a concern with high resolution drone surveillance. However, we need to take this one step further to "... guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors" (ICCPR 1966 Article 25) . Under some country scenarios the crux of the matter may not actually rest on whether or not an individual's vote casting choices can be truly observed by such equipment. Instead, an even simpler issue needs to be considered -- namely, whether such surveillance activities may serve (intentionally or unintentionally) as an intimidation factor during polling and thereby influence the outcome of the electoral result. If so, then such an activity would violate one of the fundamental principles enshrined in the ICCPR
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
GAMBO SANI, October 23. 2014Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Ngondo Ndjondo Abbel, October 23. 2014En mon sens, je pense que l'utilisation des drones par les maisons de presse tant locale qu'internationale violerait le secret de vote qui est un principe sacro-saint dans les élections et lorsqu'il n'y a pas de secret de vote, il risque de règlement de compte après élections. je n'ai pas encore lu quelque part qu'une telle pratique soit opérationnelle en Afrique car c'est dans ce continent où les contestations électorales sont courantes et le manque de transparence est électorale est récurrent. avant que l'on utilise les drones, il faut que la législation du pays l'autorise. dans mon pays la RDC, les journalistes sont autorisés à filmer les déroulement des scrutins mais pas dans l'étape du choix de l'électeur dans l'isoloir.
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
ACHUH OWEN TEHENG, October 23. 2014Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Henry Atem, October 24. 2014I agree with Chris and wish to emphasize that the intimidating factor may only be noticed after vote casting. Drone surveillance if known to be intimidating before the polls, the EMB may stop and confiscate the equipment as part of its role to ensure the secrecy of the ballot.
What is of great importance is if this equipment observes choices made by electors. It is only when it infringes on voters secrecy then can it become an intimidating factor. Now if the law provides for such equipment to be used, the question is what safeguards are in place to ensure voters rights are not tempered in any way. Of course voting in public buildings may not pose a big problem if the boots are placed in secured corners in the room or hall.
In open air polling stations / centers, more caution and precaution needs to be taken where such devices are used. However, it will need a high resolution drone surveillance equipment to actually pick a voter's choice which may be very expensive.
Infringing and intimidation of electors may take many forms less expensive than using drones and the use of modern information technical has to a big extend reduce this incidence, though the prevalence of vote commercialization, job security, cultural pressure etc are yet to reduce in some developing nations.
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Gérard Le Marec, October 24. 2014This should be seen as an attempt to intimidate the voters and strictly prohibited.
When people believe in "holy water" because after having drank this water, the candidates or parties they have vowed to vote for know their thoughts and what they ticked on the ballot in the voting booth, you easily understand the use that may be made of these drones flying overhead on e-day.
Also, this could create in many places a real panic or make voters flying away.
I am surprise that you just think about media and the money they could spend. Many of Political Parties and candidates are rich or very rich and the use of a drone is less than the price of a gun.
Definitively, to be written in electoral law as a deliberate pressure and must be forbidden.
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Denise Nzisabira, October 24. 2014Je crois que l'usage des Nouvelles techniques de communication par les média est une bonne chose. Néanmoins, si ces techniques contrebalancent les stardards internationaux en matière démocratique ce serait un problème sériieux. Si les média utilisent les drones dans les bureaux du vote le jour du vote, le secret du vote serait violé et cela pourrait être un facteur d'intimidation pour les électeurs. Une fois que l'OGE apprendrait que ces drones photographient ce qui se fait dans les isoloirs, il serait mieux de demander aux autorités habilités de suspendre leur utilisation le jour du vote.
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Lourenco Chiluvane, October 25. 2014Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Evelyne Ogandaga, November 05. 2014Il n'y a aucune disposition réglementaire qui autorise dans mon pays l'utilisation des drones. En tant qu'observateur international, la prise de photos dans un bureau de vote ne se fait qu'avec l'accord du président du bureau de vote concerné. A plus forte raison photographier l'acte de vote? c'est un motif d'annulation des résultats du bureau de vote car il y a violation du secret de vote et les résultats peuvent être contestés.
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Gérard Le Marec, December 01. 2014
Dans de nombreux pays et notamment dans des zones rurales avec peu d'économie et de revenus, j'ai la pratique des villages de forêt en Afrique et en Asie, il y déjà tant de corruption et de pressions exercées par les politiques.
Les opérations se déroulant souvent en plein air, ce serait ajouter à la défiance des votants actuels et à venir envers tout développement de la démocratie.
Les drones doivent être interdits absolument, au moins dans les 24 ou 48 heures avent le jour des élections.
Re: Use of drones on election day / Uso de drones el día de la elección
Vincent de Paul Taty, December 02. 2014Il existe plusieurs mécanismes de contrôle des résultats électoraux. Il y a aussi des principes universels tels que le secret du vote. Il ne serait pas bien que le secret du vote soit violé. Il y a aussi pour ce faire un coup financier important s'il faut utiliser les drones. il est nécessaire que l'on trouve d'autres mécanismes. Les textes électoraux de chaque pays doivent être adaptés à celle nouvelles donne.