The laws contain the shortcomings as set forth in chapter 5.2. of this report and are silent on a number of issues. Furthermore, INEC has not issued subordinate legislation on certain matters as is envisaged by the law. It is advised that these shortcomings be addressed and that, instead of leaving certain matters up to INEC, detailed provisions are developed governing the following issues: - campaigning and the campaign period;- financial reporting and disclosure, as well as campaign funding and spending by political parties, including rules for enforcement of such provisions;- the conduct of by-elections; -special needs voting for those groups in society that cannot vote in the ordinary manner due to their roles on Election Day; - a complaints mechanism easily accessible for all interested parties, including voters; - voter education; - publication and display of complete results, including registered voters, down to polling station level to enhance the transparency of the process.