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مجموع البلدان / الأقاليم 236
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| البلد / الإقليم |
الإجابات |
تعليقات |
التحقق |
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أفغانستان
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
Article 61(2): "If in the first round none of the candidates
gets more than fifty percent of the votes, elections for the second round shall be held within two weeks from the date election results are proclaimed, and, in this round, only two candidates who have received the highest number of votes in the first round shall participate."
مصدر:
Constitution of Afghanistan, art. 61: http://www.afghanembassy.com.pl/afg/images/pliki/TheConstitution.pdf (2015);
Afghan Electoral Law, art. 20: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/AF/Electoral%20Law%20Eng.pdf/view (2014).
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2019/09/24
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ألبانيا
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e. بالتعيين
|
At the beginning of a legislature, as well as when the position of Prime Minister is vacant, the President of the Republic appoints the Prime Minister on the proposal of the party or coalition of parties that has the majority of seats in the Assembly. If the Prime Minister appointed is not approved by the Assembly, the President appoints a new Prime Minister within 10 days. If the newly appointed Prime Minister is not approved by the Assembly, the Assembly elects another Prime Minister within 10 days. In this case, the President appoints the new Prime Minister. If the Assembly fails to elect a new Prime Minister, the President of the Republic dissolves the Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Albania, art. 96.
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2017/05/17
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الجزائر
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e. بالتعيين
|
Appointed by the President of the Republic. Approved through vote of confidence by the People's National Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 77 (5), 80: https://www.joradp.dz/trv/fcons.pdf (2017)
|
2019/09/25
|
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ساموا الأمريكية
|
f. أخرى
|
The President of the United States of America is the Head of Government for the unincorporated US territory, and is elected by an Electoral College.
مصدر:
Revised Constitution of American Samoa Preamble.
Constitution of the United States of America: Art. 2:1:2
|
2017/08/18
|
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أندورا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
After the re-election of the General Council, the Consellers each nominate a single candidate for "Cap de Govern", or Head of Government. The voting is done in one round, but if needed, the General Council will organize a second round, in which only the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round can participate. The individual garnering a majority of the vote is elected and appointed as head of government by the Co-Princes who maintain a largely ceremonial role.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Principality of Andorra, Art.45 (C) & 68: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/AD/andorra-constitution-1993-1/
|
2023/06/09
|
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أنغولا
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d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
The President of the Republic shall be the Head of State, the Executive Power and the Commander-in-Chief of the Angolan Armed Forces.
The individual heading the national list of the political party or coalition of political parties which receives the most votes in general elections shall be elected President of the Republic and Head of the Executive.
مصدر:
Constitution of 3 February 2010: art. 108, 109: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Angola_2010?lang=en (2017);
Electoral Law n.º 36/11 of 21 December 2011 regulating General Elections, art. 19, 20, 21: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/AO/angola-law-n.o-36-11-of-21-december-2011/view (2017)
|
2017/03/28
|
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أنغيلا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Governor appoints as the Chief Minister the elected member of the Assembly who, in his judgment, is likely to command the support of a majority of the elected members of the Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 24
|
2015/02/24
|
|
أنتيغوا وبربودا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
69.1. There shall be a Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda who shall be appointed by the Governor-General.
2. Whenever there is occasion for the appointment of a Prime Minister, the Governor-General shall appoint as Prime Minister-
a. a member of the House who is the leader in the House of the political party that commands the support of the majority of members of the House; or
b. where it appears to him that such party does not have an undisputed leader in the House or that no party commands the support of such a majority, the member of the House who in his judgement is most likely to command the support of the majority of members of the House,
- and is willing to accept the office of Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, Section 69, Articles 1-3
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AG/Antigua%20and%20Barbuda%20-%20Constitution/view
|
2014/06/06
|
|
الأرجنتين
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
Article 94.- The President and Vice President of the Nation shall be elected directly by the People, in a double round, as established by this Constitution. To this end, the national territory will make up a single district.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución de la Nación Argentina — Ley 24430, texto oficial ordenado”, art. 90, 94, 99: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-constitucion-nacional-reformas-1994/ (2019);
Electoral Code: “Código Electoral Nacional — Ley 19945”, art. 148–151: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/AR/argentina-ley-19945-codigo-electoral-nacional-2019/ (2019)
|
2021/12/26
|
|
أرمينيا
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
Article 149. Election and Appointment of the Prime Minister
1. Immediately after commencement of the term of powers of the newly-elected National Assembly, the President of the Republic shall appoint as Prime Minister the candidate nominated by the parliamentary majority formed under the procedure prescribed by Article 89 of the Constitution.
2. In case the Prime Minister submits a resignation or in other cases of the office of the Prime Minister becoming vacant, the factions of the National Assembly shall be entitled to nominate candidates for Prime Minister within a period of seven days after accepting the resignation of the Government. The National Assembly shall elect the Prime Minister by majority of votes of the total number of Deputies.
3. In case Prime Minister is not elected, a new election of Prime Minister shall be held seven days after voting, wherein the candidates for Prime Minister nominated by at least one third of the total number of Deputies shall be entitled to participate. In case Prime Minister is not elected by majority of votes of the total number of Deputies, the National Assembly shall be dissolved by virtue of law.
4. The election of the Prime Minister shall be held by roll-call voting.
5. The President of the Republic shall immediately appoint as Prime Minister the candidate elected by the National Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (2015), art. 149:
http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/
|
2017/04/12
|
|
أروبا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister is elected by the Parliament (Staten) for a four year term.
مصدر:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aa.html
|
2017/07/07
|
|
أستراليا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
64. Ministers of State
The Governor-General may appoint officers to administer such departments of State of the Commonwealth as the Governor-General in Council may establish.
Such officers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor-General. They shall be members of the Federal Executive Council, and shall be the King's Ministers of State for the Commonwealth.
(Australia's Constitution, chapter 2, art 64).
The administrator is appointed by the Australian governor general and represents both the monarch and Australia. (CIA World Factbook).
مصدر:
Australia's Constitution of 1901, chapter 2, art 64: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Constitution
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ck.html
|
2024/09/09
|
|
النمسا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Federal Chancellor and, on his recommendation, the other members of the Federal Government are appointed by the Federal President. In his capacity as chairman of the Austrian Federal Government, the chancellor holds the supreme federal authority of the executive branch and is considered to be the most powerful position in Austrian politics.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 70
http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/au00000_.html
|
2017/07/07
|
|
أذربيجان
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Azerbaijan is appointed by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan with the consent of the Milli Majlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1995) including amendments, article 118: https://president.az/en/pages/view/azerbaijan/constitution
|
2024/11/12
|
|
جزر البهاما
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Governor General appoints as Prime Minister the member of the House of Assembly who is the leader of the party which commands the support of the majority of the members of that House, or if it appears to him that party does not have an undisputed leader in that House or that no party commands the support of such a majority, the member of the House of Assembly who, in his judgment, is most likely to command the support of the majority of members of that House.
مصدر:
Constitution: Art. 73
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahamas_2002?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/27
|
|
البحرين
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The King appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister by Royal Order, and appoints and dismisses Ministers by Royal Decree as proposed by the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 33 (D): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
بنغلاديش
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President. The President appoints as Prime Minister the member of Parliament who appears to him to command the support of the majority of the members of Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 56
|
2012/05/30
|
|
بربادوس
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor General. Governor General appoints as Prime Minister the member of the House of Assembly who, in his judgment, is best able to command the confidence of a majority of the members of that House.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 64-65
|
2011/06/22
|
|
روسيا البيضاء
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime minister shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of Belarus with the consent of the House of Representatives. The decision to this order shall be taken by the House of Representatives within two weeks since the nomination of the candidacy of the Prime minister. If the House of Representatives rejects the submitted nomination of the Prime minister twice, the President shall appoint the acting Prime minister on his own, and dissolve the House of Representatives and call new elections.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Belarus”, art. 106: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/BY/belarus-constitution-2021-english/
|
2023/09/13
|
|
بلجيكا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Chamber of Representatives, by an absolute majority, proposes to the Monarch the nomination of a Prime Minister. The Monarch appoints the proposed Prime Minister.
مصدر:
The Belgian Constitution, Article 46
http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf
The Belgian Constitution, Article 96
http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/GrondwetUK.pdf
|
2019/04/25
|
|
بليز
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor General. Whenever the Governor-General has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he shall appoint a member of the House of Representatives who is the leader of the political party which commands the support of the majority of the members of that House; and if no political party has an overall majority, he shall appoint a member of that House who appears to him likely to command the support of the majority of the members of that House.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Belize Constitution, Chapter 4”, Section 37: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BZ/belize-constitution-2022/
|
2025/03/24
|
|
بنين
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The head of government is the President, who is also the head of state. He is elected by absolute majority of votes in two rounds.
مصدر:
Constitution of 11 December 1990, art. 42, 43, 45, 54
http://www.gouv.bj/sites/default/files/Cour-Constitutionnelle-recueil-des-textes-fondamentaux.pdf (2012);
Law 2005-26 of 6 August 2010 regulating the election of the President of the Republic, art. 1, 2
http://ddata.over-blog.com/1/35/48/78/Benin-2/Loi-presidentielle-2011.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/05
|
|
برمودا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Governor, acting in his discretion, shall appoint as the Premier the member of the House of Assembly who appears to him best able to command the confidence of a majority of the members of that House.
مصدر:
Constitution, Section 58 (1)
|
2012/05/31
|
|
بوتان
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
The Druk Gyalpo shall confer Dakyen to the leader or nominee of the party, which wins the majority of seats in the National Assembly, as the Prime Minister.
No person shall hold office as Prime Minister for more than two terms.
A candidate for the post of Prime Minister or Minister shall be an elected member of the National Assembly and a natural born citizen of Bhutan.
مصدر:
Constitution of Bhutan, Article 17: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bhutan_2008
|
2024/08/27
|
|
بوليفيا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
In the President rests the figure of Head of State and Head of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: "Constitución Política del Estado", art. 165 (I), 166: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/BO/bolivia-constitucion-politica-del-estado-vigente/ (2019).
|
2024/12/09
|
|
البوسنة والهرسك
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Presidency shall nominate the Chair of the Council of Ministers, who shall take office upon the approval of the House of Representatives.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, art. 5:4.
http://www.ccbh.ba/osnovni-akti/ustav/?title=clan-5
|
2025/06/23
|
|
بوتسوانا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The President, who is both the head of state and the head of government, is elected by every newly elected National Assembly and shall hold office for an
aggregate period not exceeding 10 years beginning from the date of his or her first assumption of office.
مصدر:
Constitution of Botswana art. 30, 32, 34, 47: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/BW/botswana-constitution-of-1966-with-amendments-up/view (2014).
|
2014/10/24
|
|
البرازيل
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
Article 76:
The Executive Power is exercised by the President of the Republic, assisted by the Ministers of State.
Article 77:
The election of the President and Vice President of the Republic will take place simultaneously on the first Sunday of October in the first round, and on the last Sunday of October in the second round, if necessary, in the year prior to the end of the current presidential term.
§ 3º If no candidate obtains an absolute majority in the first vote, a new election will be held within twenty days after the proclamation of the result, with the two most-voted candidates competing, and the candidate who obtains the majority of valid votes will be considered elected.
Electoral Code:
Article 86:
In presidential elections, the jurisdiction will be the country; in federal and state elections, the state; and in municipal elections, the respective municipality.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, 1988, Article 76, 77:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil
Electoral Code - Law No. 4,737, of July 15, 1965, Article 86:
https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965
|
2024/10/22
|
|
بروناي دار السلام
|
f. أخرى
|
The Sultan, who is a hereditary monarch, is both the Head of State and the head of government.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 4: http://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/fdl/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Brunei_Constitution_1959_amended%202011_EN.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/18
|
|
بلغاريا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
Following consultations with the parliamentary groups, the President shall appoint the Prime Minister-designate nominated by the party holding the highest number of seats in the National Assembly to form a government.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria, art. 99 & 108
http://www.parliament.bg/en/const (2014)
|
2014/10/01
|
|
بوركينا فاسو
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The head of government is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the majority of the National Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution as amended in 2012, art. 46, 63: http://www.ceni.bf/sites/default/files/constitution-revisee-juin-2012.pdf (2012)
|
2015/12/04
|
|
ميانمار
|
f. أخرى
|
According to the new Constitution adopted in 2008, the head of the state (president) will also be the head of the government, and s/he will be elected by the presidential electoral college.
مصدر:
Constitution of Myanmar, Art. 16, 60, 199: http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Constitution-1.pdf (2015).
|
2015/11/17
|
|
بوروندي
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is the head of the Government.
The activities of the Government are coordinated by a Prime Minister appointed by the President of the Republic after prior approval of the candidacy by the National Assembly and the Senate voting separately and with an absolute majority of their
members.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 129-130: https://acbc.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl441/files/Legislation/Countries%20legislations/BURUNDI/Constitution%20of%20Burundi%20of%20_2018_compressed.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
كمبوديا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The King shall appoint the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers.
Upon the proposal of the President of the National Assembly in agreement with the two Vice-Presidents, the King assigns a high ranking personality among the Members of National Assembly from the elections winning party, to form
the Royal Government. This assigned high ranking personality, accompanied by his collaborators who are Members of the National Assembly or members of the parties represented at the National Assembly and who are in charge of ministerial functions within the Royal Government, solicits the confidence
from the National Assembly. Once the National Assembly has voted the confidence, the King signs the Kret appointing the whole Council of Ministers.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 19, 119: http://www.ccc.gov.kh/detail_info_en.php?_txtID=791.
|
2023/10/11
|
|
الكاميرون
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister and, on the proposal of the latter, the other members of
Government. He shall define their duties.
مصدر:
Constitution, Article. 10, (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CM/cameroon-constitution-of-cameroon-2008
|
2018/11/05
|
|
كندا
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
The head of government is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the leader of the party that commands the majority of seats (in the case of a majority government), or commands a larger number of seats than any other party in the House of Commons (in the case of a minority government). The Prime Minister is not a Constitutional title or position; the authority of the Prime Minister comes from assuming the formal role of Governor in Council, the leader of the Monarch’s Privy Council.
مصدر:
Constitution Acts of Canada, 1867-1982, Art. 11
http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_E.pdf
|
2025/03/28
|
|
الرأس الأخضر
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, in consultation with the political parties represented in the National Assembly and given the election results, the existence of political power and the existence of coalitions or alliances.
مصدر:
Constitution of Cape Verde as amended in 2010, art. 194 (1):
https://www.parlamento.cv/Constituicao/ (2026)
|
2026/04/04
|
|
جزر كايمان
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Premier is appointed by the Governor following the recommendation/election of the Parliament. However, no person can hold the office of Premier for more than two consecutive terms.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009”, Section 49: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/KY/cayman-islands-constitution-2009/ ;
|
2021/12/13
|
|
جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is the Head of Government. He is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 22 (4): http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/text.jsp?file_id=193706 (2016)
|
2021/04/19
|
|
تشاد
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Republic.
مصدر:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 008/PR/2005, art. 79: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Chad_2005.pdf?lang=en (2016)
|
2019/04/23
|
|
شيلي
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of the Republic is both the Head of State and of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Chile (2017)”, art. 24 & 26:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-1/
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica Constitucional sobre Votaciones Populares y Escrutinios (2016)”, art. 109:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CL/chile-ley-sobre-votaciones-populares-y-escrutinios/
|
2025/03/03
|
|
الصين
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The National People's Congress decides on the choice of Premier upon nomination by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 62
|
2012/06/04
|
|
جزيرة كريسماس
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Administrator is appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents both the monarch and Australia.
مصدر:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kt.html
|
2009/11/30
|
|
جزر كوكوس
|
e. بالتعيين
|
64. Ministers of State
The Governor-General may appoint officers to administer such departments of State of the Commonwealth as the Governor-General in Council may establish.
Such officers shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor-General. They shall be members of the Federal Executive Council, and shall be the Queen's Ministers of State for the Commonwealth.
(Australia's Constitution, chapter 2, art 64).
The administrator is appointed by the Australian governor general and represents both the monarch and Australia. (CIA World Factbook).
مصدر:
Australia's Constitution of 1901, chapter 2, art 64: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/Constitution
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ck.html
|
2019/07/06
|
|
كولومبيا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of the Republic is both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected by secret and direct ballot for a period of four years, by 50% plus one of the ballots. If no candidate secures the said majority, a runoff election is held three weeks later when only those two candidates who received the most votes in the first round of balloting participate. The candidate with the larger number of votes is declared President.
مصدر:
Constitución: “Constitución Política de Colombia”, art. 115 y 190: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CO/colombia-constitucion-politica-de-colombia-2016 (2016)
|
2024/12/11
|
|
جزر القمر
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The president is both the head of state and the head of government. The presidency rotates every 4 years among the three islands. The President and the Vice President are elected together by universal, direct suffrage in a majority vote in one round. The primary election is held on the island of the current presidency and only those three candidates who have received the greatest number of votes may contest in the presidential election.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 13: http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/com128670.pdf (2016)
|
2025/09/30
|
|
الكونغو -- برازافيل
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The Head of State is also the Head of Government. He/she is elected by universal, direct suffrage for a renewable term of seven years.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 56, 57, 59: http://www.presidence.cg/files/my_files/constit200102.pdf (2017)
|
2017/03/29
|
|
الكونغو -- كينشاسا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President after consultation with the party that forms the parliamentary majority. If there is no such party, the President appoints a person who in his view will be able to form a coalition.
مصدر:
Constitution (2015), Art. 78: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CD/rdc-constitution-2011-english-version/view
|
2018/11/09
|
|
جزر كوك
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister shall he appointed as follows:
If the appointment is to be made while Parliament is in session, the Queen's Representative shall appoint as Prime Minister a member of Parliament who commands the confidence of a majority of the members of Parliament.
If the appointment is to be made while Parliament is not in session, the Queen's Representative shall appoint as Prime Minister a member of Parliament who in the opinion of the Queen's Representative, acting in his discretion, is likely to command the confidence of a majority of the members of Parliament...
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 13
|
2014/06/05
|
|
كوستاريكا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
If 40% of valid votes is not attained, there is a second round where the two candidates who obtained the largest amount of votes in the first round participate.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica”, art. 138: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-constitucion-politica-reformas-2015.pdf/;
Electoral Law: “Ley 8765: Código Electoral”, art. 201: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CR/costa-rica-ley-8765-codigo-electoral-2018.pdf/
|
2018/01/24
|
|
كرواتيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
Art. 109:
The person to whom the President of the Republic confides the mandate to form the Government shall propose its members.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Croatia as revised in 2013, art. 109
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Croatia_2013?lang=en
|
2020/07/02
|
|
كوبا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The National Assembly of People’s Power elects, from among its deputies, the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Cuba (2019)”, art. 133, 140, 141: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/CU/cuba-constitucion-2019-ace/
|
2023/09/11
|
|
قبرص
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of the Republic is both the Head of State and the Head of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution, Αrt. 36, 37, 39:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Cyprus_2013
|
2026/03/24
|
|
قبرص -- الشمالية
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
IFES Election Guide: http://www.electionguide.org/country.php?ID=252
Constitution, Art. 106
|
2012/06/07
|
|
الجمهورية التشيكية
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Art. 68: (2) The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President of the Republic who shall appoint on the Prime Minister's proposal the other members of the Government and shall entrust them with the direction of individual ministries or other agencies.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Czech Republic of December 16, 1992 (Amended by Act No. 515/2002 Coll.), art. 68.
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Czech_Republic_2013?lang=en (2017)
|
2023/09/14
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution de la République de Côte d'Ivoire (2000), art.41: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/CI/cote-divoire-constitution-du-23-juillet-2000/view
|
2016/11/30
|
|
الدنمارك
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The King shall appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister and the other Ministers.
مصدر:
Constitution, Sec.14
|
2019/05/22
|
|
جيبوتي
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of the Republic is the Head of State and the Head of Government. The President of the Republic is elected for five years by direct universal suffrage and majority vote in two rounds.
--It should be noted that Djibouti also has a Prime Minister, which is selected by the President--
Article 40 :The President of the Republic is assisted, in the exercise of his functions, by a Government of which the Prime Minister and the Ministers are members of plain right.
The Government is charged to assist and to be of counsel to the President of the Republic in the exercise of his functions.
The President of the Republic designates the Prime Minister, and on proposal by him, appoints the other members of the Government.
He establishes their attributions and terminates their functions.
The Prime Minister implements the policy of the President of the Republic, coordinates and animates the action of the Government.
The members of the Government are responsible before the President of the Republic.
مصدر:
“Djibouti’s Constitution of 1992 with Amendments through 2010.” Constitute Project, 27 Apr. 2022, www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_2010.pdf?lang=en.
|
2023/07/11
|
|
دومينيكا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is the head of government and is appointed by the President. The elected member of the House who is supported by the majority of its members remains as Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, Section 59: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DM/dominica-constitution-of-the-commonwealth-of/view (2014).
|
2014/12/16
|
|
جمهورية الدومينيكان
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President, who is both the Head of State and the Head of Government, shall be elected for a period of four years by direct vote and may not be reelected for the following period. The President is elected by absolute majority of valid votes. If none of the candidates obtains more than 50% of the valid votes, a second round shall be held among the two candidates that have obtained the highest number of votes on the first round. The candidate who obtains the majority of valid votes on the second round is elected President.
مصدر:
Constitución: Constitución de la República Dominicana (2015) art. 122, 124, 128, 129, 209 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-constitucion-politica-2015/ (2020)
Ley Electoral “Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral No. 15-19, art. 265 (1): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/DO/republica-dominicana-ley-organica-de-regimen/ (2019)
|
2020/02/04
|
|
الاكوادور
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is both the Head of State and the Head of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República del Ecuador”, art. 141 & 143: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/EC/ecuador-constitucion-2020/
|
2025/03/13
|
|
مصر
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President of the Republic shall assign a Prime Minister to form the government and introduce his/her program to the House of Representatives.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 146:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
|
2025/09/23
|
|
السلفادور
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de El Salvador”, art. 80, 150 & 154: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-constitucion-2014/ ;
Electoral Law: “Decreto No. 413 — Código Electoral”, art. 216: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/SV/el-salvador-recopilacion-legislacion-electoral-2021/
|
2024/12/19
|
|
غينيا الاستوائية
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President of the Republic can appoint a Prime Minister, who is selected among the members of the Government.
مصدر:
Constitution as amended by referendum of 23 November 2011, art. 32 (3)
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Equatorial_Guinea_2012?lang=en (2016)
|
2016/05/03
|
|
اريتريا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Head of State is also the Head of Government, elected by the National Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 39 & 41
|
2011/06/21
|
|
استونيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
§ 89. Within fourteen days following resignation of the Government of the Republic, the President nominates a Prime Minister candidate whom he directs to form the new Government.
The Prime Minister candidate, within fourteen days after receiving the direction to form the new Government, presents a report to the Riigikogu regarding the principles upon which he or she proposes to form the Government, after which the Riigikogu decides, without debate and by an open vote, whether to authorise the Prime Minister candidate to form the Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia with latest amendment on 6 May 2015, § 89.
|
2019/02/19
|
|
أثيوبيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister shall be elected from among members of the House of Peoples’ Representatives. Power of Government shall be assumed by the political party or a coalition of political parties that constitutes a majority in the House of Peoples’ Representatives.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 72, 73
|
2015/05/18
|
|
جزر فوكلاند
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Governor of the Falkland Islands is appointed by the Queen of the United Kingdom.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008”, Section 23: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/FK/falkland-islands-constitution-2008/ ;
|
2022/04/19
|
|
جزر فارو
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister is confirmed by the Faroese parliament upon nomination by the Speaker. The leader of the majority party or coalition is usually elected Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Parliamentary Act on Home Rule in the Faroe Islands 1994; CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fo.html
|
2012/07/06
|
|
فيجي
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
The Prime Minister is the Head of Government. After a general election, the member elected to Parliament who is the leader of one political party which won more than 50% of the total number of seats assumes office as a Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 92 (1), 93 (2-3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/FJ/fiji-constitution-2013/at_download/file (2014).
|
2026/04/03
|
|
فنلندا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Parliament elects the Prime Minister, who is thereafter appointed to the office by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution, Section 61: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf (2012)
|
2019/04/02
|
|
فرنسا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister. He shall terminate the appointment of the Prime Minister when the latter tenders the resignation of the Government.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 8
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/France_2008?lang=en
|
2020/06/20
|
|
بولينيزيا الفرنسية
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
مصدر:
Constitution, Section V, Article 49.
|
2004/01/15
|
|
غابون
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 15 & 29
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_1997?lang=en
(2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
غامبيا
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The president is both the head of state and the head of government. He is elected directly by a simple majority of votes.
مصدر:
Constitution, Chapter V, part 3, section 49 & Chapter VI, part 1, section 61: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Gambia_2004?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/05/18
|
|
جورجيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is the head of the government. He is appointed by the President and is responsible before the President and the Parliament. At the same time, the President of Georgia is authorized to convene and preside over the sittings of the Government with regard to the issues of exclusive state importance.
مصدر:
Constitution of Georgia, art.56:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_2018?lang=en
|
2024/07/24
|
|
ألمانيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Head of Government (Federal Chancellor) is elected by the House of Representatives (Bundestag) upon the proposal of the President. The person obtaining the votes of the majority of the members of the House of Representatives (Bundestag) is elected. The person elected is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 63
https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_gg/englisch_gg.pdf
|
2025/03/06
|
|
غانا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is the head of State and Head of Government, elected by absolute majority of votes.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Ghana (1996), art. 57, 63: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GH/ghana-constitution-1992-with-amendments-through/view
|
2016/09/19
|
|
جبل طارق
|
e. بالتعيين
|
"The Governor, acting in his discretion, shall appoint as Chief Minister the Elected Member of the Parliament who in his judgement is most likely to command the greatest measure of confidence among the Elected Members of the Parliament."
مصدر:
Constitution, Chapter IV, Article 45(3)
https://www.gibraltarlaws.gov.gi/constitution/Gibraltar_Constitution_Order_2006.pdf
|
2019/11/04
|
|
اليونان
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
The leader of the party having the absolute majority of seats in Parliament shall be appointed Prime Minister by the President of the Republic. If no party has the absolute majority, the President of the Republic shall give the leader of the party with a relative majority an exploratory mandate in order to ascertain the possibility of forming a government enjoying the confidence of the Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 37
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Greece_2008?lang=en
|
2020/07/25
|
|
جرينلاند
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Parliament elects the Premier who then appoints his Cabinet of Ministers.
مصدر:
The Government of Greenland website: http://uk.nanoq.gl/Emner/Government.aspx
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html
|
2009/12/03
|
|
غرينادا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
There shall be a Prime Minister of Grenada, who shall be appointed by the Governor-General.
Whenever the Governor-General has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he shall appoint a member of the House of Representatives who appears to him likely to command the support of the majority of the members of the House.
مصدر:
Grenada Constitution 1973, art. 58
|
2011/06/28
|
|
غوام
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
Even though Guam is subject to all applicable laws of the United States, the Governor of Guam is the executive of the political authority granted to the government of Guam. The Governor is elected with the Lieutenant Governor.
مصدر:
1 Guam Code 400, 402:
https://law.justia.com/codes/guam/2019/title-1/chapter-4/ ;
48 U.S. Code 1422:
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/48/1422
|
2020/10/28
|
|
غواتيمالا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The Head of Government and Head of State are the same person, elected by absolute majority for a four-year term with no possibility of re-election. The second round is called for between the two most-voted candidates of the first round.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Guatemala”, art. 182 & 184: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/GT/constitucion/guatemala-constitucion-politica-2012/ —
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Guatemala_1993.pdf
|
2023/05/29
|
|
غيرنسي
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Chief Minister is elected by the parliament (States of Deliberation).
مصدر:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gk.html
|
2009/12/04
|
|
غينيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister, Head of the Government is appointed by the President of the Republic who may dismiss him. Constitution, art. 52
مصدر:
Constitution (2010), art. 52: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/GN/guinea-constitution-2010-english-version/
|
2017/01/26
|
|
غينيا بيساو
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is nominated by the President of the Republic in accordance with the electoral results and after consulting with political parties represented in the National People's Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 98: http://www.anpguinebissau.org/leis/constituicao/constituicaoguine.pdf (2012)
|
2014/06/24
|
|
غيانا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President shall appoint an elected member of the National Assembly to be Prime Minister of Guyana.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 101
|
2015/05/10
|
|
هايتي
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President of the Republic shall choose a Prime Minister from among the members of the majority party of the Parliament. In the absence of such a majority, the President of the Republic shall choose his Prime Minister in consultation with the President of the Senate and the President of the House of Deputies. In either case, the President's choice must be ratified by the Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 137
|
2015/07/29
|
|
الفاتيكان
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Secretary General is appointed by the Pope.
مصدر:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vt.html
Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001: http://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html (2012)
|
2012/05/14
|
|
هندوراس
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The Head of State is at the same time Head of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República de Honduras (2009)", art. 236 & 245: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-constitucion-politica-de-1982-2021/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Electoral de Honduras”, art. 77, 285: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/HN/honduras-ley-electoral-2021-con-reformas-2021/
|
2025/08/07
|
|
هونج كونج
|
f. أخرى
|
The Chief Executive is the head of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and is accountable to the Central People's Government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. He is also the head of government.
The Chief Executive is elected by Election Committee appointed by the Central People's Government, composed of 800 members. 200 members are from the industrial, financial and commercial sectors, 200 are professors, 200 are from labor, social services, religious and other sectors and 200 are members of the legislative council, representatives of district based organizations, Hong Kong deputies to the National People's Congress, and representatives of Hong Kong members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
مصدر:
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong, Art.43-48, 60 & Annex I:
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/HK/hong-kong-the-basic-law-of-the-hong-kong-2016/view
|
2021/06/03
|
|
هنغاريا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister shall be elected by Parliament on the recommendation of the President of the Republic.
مصدر:
Constitution: The Fundamental Law of Hungary (as Amended to 2013), The State, Article 16 (3): http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=140968.322953.
|
2018/07/30
|
|
أيسلندا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President appoints Ministers and discharges them. He determines their number and assignments. Ministerial meetings shall be held in order to discuss new legislative proposals and important State matters. Furthermore, ministerial meetings shall be held if a Minister wishes to raise a matter there. The meetings shall be presided over by the Minister called upon by the President of the Republic to do so, who is designated Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 15 & 17 as amended in 2013
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iceland_2013?lang=en
|
2020/07/27
|
|
الهند
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
The Constitution of India, Article 75: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/IN/india-constitution-as-amended-to-2007/view
|
2024/06/12
|
|
اندونيسيا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
Article 6A(3): Any candidate for President who obtains more than fifty percent of the total number of votes during the general election and in addition polls at least twenty percent of the votes in more than half of the total number of provinces in Indonesia shall be elected President.
(4): In the event that there is no candidate for President elected, the two candidates that have obtained the first and second highest total of votes in the general election shall participate in a second round, and the candidate who receives the highest number of votes shall be elected President.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Art. 4(1), 6A: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/ID/indonesia-constitution/view
|
2024/02/07
|
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is elected for a four-year term by the direct vote of the people. His reelection for a successive term is permissible only once.
The President is elected by an absolute majority of votes polled by the voters. But if none of the candidates is able to win such a majority in the first round, voting will take place a second time on Friday of the following week. In the second round only the two candidates who received greatest number of votes in the first round will participate. If, however, some of the candidates securing greatest votes in the first round withdraw from the elections, the final choice will be between the two candidates who won greater number of votes than all the remaining candidates.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, articles 114 and 117: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989
|
2024/11/19
|
|
العراق
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
The President of the Republic shall charge the nominee of the largest Council of Representatives bloc with the formation of the Council of Ministers within fifteen days from the date of the election of the President of the Republic.
مصدر:
Iraqi Constitution, Article 76(1):http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/mideast/IQ/Full%20Text%20of%20Iraqi%20Constitution.pdf/view
|
2018/04/15
|
|
أيرلندا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The President shall, on the nomination of Dáil Éireann (the National Assembly), appoint the Taoiseach, that is, the head of the Government or Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 13 (1): https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html
|
2024/11/21
|
|
اسرائيل
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
Once a new governmentmust be formed, after consulting the representatives of the Parliamentary Groups, the President of the State shall assign the task of forming a Government to one of the Knesset Members, who has agreed to do so. The President shall assign the said task within seven days from the publication of the election results, or from the day on which the need to form a new government was created, and in the case of the death of the Prime Minister - within 14 days of his death.
مصدر:
BASIC LAW: THE GOVERNMENT (5761 - 2001), Art. 7a: https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawTheGovernment.pdf
|
2019/05/01
|
|
إيطاليا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister ("Presidente del Consiglio") is appointed by the President and confirmed by Parliament with a confidence vote.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 92 and 94
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Italy_2012?lang=en
|
2020/07/18
|
|
جامايكا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Whenever the Governor-General has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he, acting in his discretion, shall appoint the member of the House of Representatives who, in his judgment, is best able to command the confidence of a majority of the members of that House and shall, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint from among the members of the two Houses such number of other Ministers as the Prime Minister may advise.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 70
|
2025/09/18
|
|
اليابان
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister shall be designated from among the members of the Diet by a resolution of the Diet.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 67:
https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html
|
2021/09/17
|
|
جيرسي
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
مصدر:
The States of Jersey Law, art. 19
|
2009/12/07
|
|
الأردن
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The King appoints the Prime Minister and may dismiss him or accept his resignation. He appoints the Ministers; he also dismisses them or accepts their resignation, upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 35: http://www.representatives.jo/sites/default/files/الدستور.pdf (2015)
|
2016/07/28
|
|
كازاخستان
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the Head of Government.
The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall after consultation with the factions of political parties represented in the Mazhilis of the Parliament, recommend the candidacy of the Prime Minister of the Republic to the Mazhilis for approval. with the approval of the Mazhilis of the Parliament, appoint the Prime Minister of the Republic; dismiss the Prime Minister of the Republic; on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, determine the structure of the Government
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 1995, amended March 10, 2017 art. 44.
https://www.akorda.kz/en/constitution-of-the-republic-of-kazakhstan-50912
|
2024/09/12
|
|
كينيا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
Ibid ES001. The Head of Government is also The Head of State
مصدر:
The Constitution of Kenya Art. 131(1)
|
2024/12/06
|
|
كيريباتي
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is both the Head of State and the Head of Government, elected by absolute majority of votes in direct elections, from candidates selected by the Parliament.
مصدر:
Article 30 and 32(2), Constitution
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Kiribati_2013
|
2024/11/24
|
|
جمهورية كوريا الديمقراطية الشعبية
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) elects the Premier of the Cabinet.
مصدر:
Constitution of DPRK, Art. 91 (7)
|
2014/06/23
|
|
جمهورية كوريا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President with the consent of the National Assembly.
If the office of the presidency is vacant or the President is unable to perform his or her duties for any reason, the Prime Minister or the members of the State Council in the order of priority as determined by Act shall act for him or her.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Korea, Article 86, 87: https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?lang=ENG&hseq=1
|
2024/08/28
|
|
الكويت
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Amir shall, after the traditional consultations, appoint the Prime Minister and relieve him of office. The Amir shall also appoint Ministers and relieve them of office upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 56: http://www.pm.gov.kw/en/state_Of_Kuwait/kuwaitConstitution.jsp (2013)
|
2013/01/30
|
|
قيرغيزستان
|
f. أخرى
|
The President shall:
1) determine the structure and composition of the Cabinet of Ministers;
2) with the consent of the Jogorku Kenesh, appoint the Chairperson of the Cabinet of
Ministers, his/her deputies and other members of the Cabinet of Ministers;
The Executive power in the Kyrgyz Republic is exercised by the President.
The structure and composition of the Cabinet of Ministers shall be determined by the
President
مصدر:
Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic (2021), art. 70 and 84: https://constsot.kg/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/constitution-of-the-kyrgyz-republic.pdf
|
2025/05/07
|
|
جمهورية لاو الديمقراطية
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed or removed by the President of the State after the approval of the National Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 67 (3), 72: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LA/Lao-People2019s-Democratic-Republic-Constitution/view
|
2021/02/16
|
|
لاتفيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Article 55. The Cabinet shall be composed of the Prime Minister and the Ministers chosen by the Prime Minister.
Article 56. The Cabinet shall be formed by the person who has been invited by the President to do so.
مصدر:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia as amended on 8 April 2009, art. 55-56: http://legislationline.org/download/action/download/id/4777/file/Latvia_Constitution_am2009_en.pdf (2014)
|
2022/09/12
|
|
لبنان
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is the head of the government and its representative. The president shall designate the Prime Minister in consultation with the president of the Chamber of deputies based on parliamentary consultations which shall be binding and the content of which the President shall formally disclose to the Prime Minister. The President alone shall issue the decree which designates the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 53 (2, 3), 64: http://www.presidency.gov.lb/English/LebaneseSystem/Documents/Lebanese%20Constitution.pdf
|
2024/11/20
|
|
ليسوتو
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Government is headed by the Prime Minister who is appointed by the King on the advice of the Council of State and must enjoy the support of the majority of the National Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of Lesotho, art. 87
|
2017/07/19
|
|
ليبيريا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President shall be elected by universal adult suffrage of
registered voters in the Republic and shall hold office for a term of six years commencing at noon on the third working in January of the year immediately following the elections. No person shall serve as President for more than two terms.
The first round shall be determined by an absolute majority of the valid votes cast. If no candidate obtains an absolute majority (fifty percent plus one vote) in the first ballot, a second ballot shall be conducted on the second Tuesday following the announcement of the results of the first
ballot. The two candidates who obtain the highest number of valid votes at the first ballot shall be designated to participate in the run-off election and the candidate who obtains the majority of the valid votes cast at the second ballot is elected.
مصدر:
The 1986 Constitution of the Republic of Liberia, Art. 50, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
The New Elections Law (2016, with amendments up until and including 2014), Chapter 4, Art. 4.1, http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/LR/liberia-amended-electoral-laws-2014/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
الجماهيرية العربية الليبية
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The National Transitional Council shall appoint an executive board or interim government composed of a president and a sufficient number of members for the management of the different sectors of the country.
The General National Congress shall do the following within a period not exceeding thirty days since its first meeting:
Designate a Prime Minister who in turn shall propose the names of the members of his government, provided that they obtain the confidence of the National General Congress before they start working as members of the interim government. The Congress shall also proceed to the designation of the heads of sovereign functions.
مصدر:
The Constitutional Declaration (Transitional National Council of Libya), Art. 24 & 30: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_2011
|
2024/11/25
|
|
ليختنشتاين
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Reigning Prince with the agreement of Parliament and on its proposal.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Art. 79 (2):
https://www.llv.li/files/rdr/Verfassung-E-01-02-2014.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
ليتوانيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Article 92: (1) The Prime Minister shall, upon the assent of the Seimas, be appointed and released by the President of the Republic.
(3)The Prime Minister, within 15 days of his appointment, shall form and present to the Seimas the Government, approved by the President of the Republic, and shall submit the programme of the formed Government for consideration by the Seimas.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania (25 October 1992, as last amended on 25 April 2006), art. 92 (1, 3)http://www3.lrs.lt/home/Konstitucija/Constitution.htm
|
2020/06/05
|
|
لوكسمبورغ
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the Grand Duke.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 77; https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Luxembourg_2009
Official web site of the Government: http://www.gouvernement.lu/dossiers/viepol/formation-gouvernement-2009/index.html (2012)
|
2024/11/20
|
|
ماكاو
|
f. أخرى
|
The head of the Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region shall be the Chief Executive of the Region. The Chief Executive shall be elected by a broadly representative Election Committee, composed of 300 members: 100 are from industrial, commercial and financial sectors, 80 are from cultural and educational sectors and other professions, 80 are from labour, social services, religious and other sectors and 40 are Representatives of members of the Legislative Council, representatives of members of the municipal organs, Macao deputies to the National People's Congress, and representatives of Macao members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
مصدر:
Basic Law, art. 45, 50 & 62
Basic Law, Annex I
|
2009/12/08
|
|
مقدونيا ، الجمهورية اليوغوسلافية السابقة
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
The President of the Republic of Macedonia is obliged, within 10 days of the constitution of the Assembly, to entrust the mandate for constituting the Government to a candidate from the party or parties which has/have a majority in the Assembly. Within 20 days from the day of being entrusted with the mandate, the mandator submits a programme to the Assembly and proposes the composition of the Government. The Government is elected by the Assembly on the proposal of the mandator and on the basis of the programme by a majority vote of the total number of Representatives. (Art. 90)
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia, art. 90:
https://www.sobranie.mk/the-constitution-of-the-republic-of-macedonia-ns_article-constitution-of-the-republic-of-north-macedonia.nspx
|
2024/11/19
|
|
مدغشقر
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is the Head of Government. He/she is selected by the party or coalition that has the majority in the National Assembly and is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 54, 63, 65: http://www.ceni-madagascar.mg/dossier/constitution.pdf (2013)
|
2013/02/07
|
|
ملاوي
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is both the Head of State and Government. The President shall be elected by a majority of more than fifty
percent of the valid votes cast through direct, universal and equal suffrage and,where such majority is not obtained by any candidate in the first poll, a second poll shall be held within sixty days after the declaration of the result in which the candidates who obtained the highest votes cast in the first poll shall be the only candidates.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Malawi, art. 78 & 80
|
2025/04/14
|
|
ماليزيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) shall first appoint as Perdana Menteri (Prime Minister) to preside over the Cabinet a member of the House of Representative who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House. If the Prime Minister ceases to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the House of Representatives, then, unless at his request the Yang di-Pertuan Agong dissolves Parliament, the Prime Minister shall tender the resignation of the Cabinet.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 40a (2-a), 43: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/malaysia.pdf (2013)
|
2013/03/21
|
|
جزر المالديف
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The president is both the head of state and the head of government. S/he is elected directly by the people by universal and secret suffrage, by absolute majority of votes. If no candidate obtains such majority, a run-off election must be held within twenty one days after the first election. The run-off election shall be contested only by the two candidates receiving the highest number of votes in the first election
مصدر:
Constitution 2008, art. 106, 108, 111: http://www.majlis.gov.mv/en/wp-content/uploads/Constitution-english.pdf (2018)
|
2019/02/11
|
|
مالي
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The head of state is the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 38 % 55
|
2009/12/08
|
|
مالطا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President shall appoint as Prime Minister the member of the House of Representatives who, in his judgment, is best able to command the support of a majority of the members of that House and shall, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint the other Ministers from among the members of the House of Representatives.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 80: http://www.parlament.mt/constituion-of-malta?l=1 (2012)
|
2012/05/22
|
|
جزيرة مان
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The head of government is the Chief Minister, elected by Tynwald for a five year term.
مصدر:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/im.html
|
2009/12/14
|
|
جزر مارشال
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Head of Government is also the Head of State. S/he is elected by the majority of the Nitijela (Parliament).
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 5 (3).
|
2023/10/12
|
|
موريتانيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President appoints the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution as amended by Constitutional Law n° 2012-015, art. 30: www.mauritania.mr (2012)
|
2024/10/28
|
|
موريشيوس
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President, acting in his own deliberate judgment, shall appoint as Prime Minister the member of the Assembly who appears to him best able to command the support of the majority of the members of the Assembly, and shall, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint the Deputy Prime Minister, the Attorney-General and the other Ministers from among the members of the Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Mauritius, art. 59
|
2012/02/25
|
|
مايوت
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
|
2009/11/12
|
|
المكسيك
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The president of the Republic is both the Head of State and of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 81: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
|
2024/04/12
|
|
ميكرونيزيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
Art. 10, Sec. 1: The executive power of the national government is vested in the President of the Federated States of Micronesia. He is elected by Congress for a term of four years by a majority vote of all the members. He may not serve for more than 2 consecutive terms.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia Art. 10, Section 1:
http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/constitution/article10.htm
|
2025/03/28
|
|
مولدوفا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
After a consultation with the parliamentary fractions the President of the Republic of Moldova designates a candidate for the office of Prime Minister.
مصدر:
The Constitution of The Republic of Moldova (1994, rev. 2016), article 98: 1
|
2021/03/30
|
|
موناكو
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The head of government is the Minister of State who represents the Prince and exercises the executive power. He is appointed by the Prince and reports to him.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 43, 44, 50
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2013)021-e
|
2023/09/11
|
|
منغوليا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 25 (1, §6), 40 (2), 41 (1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mongolia_2001?lang=en (2017)
|
2020/02/17
|
|
الجبل الأسود
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
Article 82: The Parliament shall: 12) Elect and dismiss from duty: the Prime Minister and members of the Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, SU-SK Ref. no. 01-514/12, 19 October 2007, art. 82(12).
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Montenegro_2013?lang=en
|
2023/09/25
|
|
مونتسيرات
|
e. بالتعيين
|
33.—(1) The Governor shall appoint as the Premier the elected member of the Legislative Assembly who demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Governor that he or she commands the confidence of a majority of the elected members of the Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 33
|
2014/08/04
|
|
المغرب
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Article 47: The King appoints the Head of Government from within the political party arriving ahead in the elections of the members of the Chamber of Representatives, and with a view to their results.
مصدر:
Morocco's Constitution of 2011, Article 47: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011.pdf
|
2022/08/02
|
|
موزامبيق
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of Mozambique is both Head of State and Government and is elected by absolute majority. In case no candidate obtains an absolute majority, there shall be a second round among the top two candidates.
مصدر:
Constitution of 21 January 2005, art. 146 (3), 148: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/mozambique-constitution-portuguese-version/view (2014);
Law No. 8/2013 of 27 February 2013 regulating presidential and legislative elections (as amended by Law No. 12/2014), art. 133: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/MZ/Mozambique-Law-No.-12-2014-of-13-April-2014/view (2014)
|
2024/12/04
|
|
ناميبيا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is the Head of State and Government. The President is elected through direct universal adult suffrage by and absolute majority and is restricted to two terms of office of five years each. The Prime Minister is the leader of Government business in Parliament, co-ordinates the work of the Cabinet and advises and assists the President in the execution of the functions of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of Namibia, art. 27-29 & 36
|
2012/02/24
|
|
ناورو
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
"There shall be a President of Nauru, who shall be elected by Parliament."
"Parliament shall elect a President (a) whenever the office of President is vacant; (b) at the first sitting of Parliament next following its dissolution..."
مصدر:
Constitution 1968, Art. 16. (http://www.naurugov.nr/media/21406/constitution_19.5.1968.pdf)
|
2019/07/01
|
|
نيبال
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The President shall appoint the leader of a parliamentary party that commands majority in the House of Representatives as the Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers shall be constituted under his or her chairpersonship. In cases where no party has a clear majority in the House of Representatives the President shall appoint as the Prime Minister a member of the House of Representatives who can command majority with the support of two or more parties representing to the House of Representatives.
مصدر:
Article The Constitution of Nepal, 2015, Article 76 (1 and 2) www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2016/01/constitution-of-nepal-2.pdf
|
2018/04/03
|
|
هولندا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Article 43: "The Prime Minister and the other Ministers shall be appointed and dismissed by Royal Decree."
مصدر:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Netherlands, Art. 43: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Netherlands_2008?lang=en
|
2022/08/02
|
|
جزر الأنتيل الهولندية
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
مصدر:
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nt.html
|
2009/11/12
|
|
كاليدونيا الجديدة
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
مصدر:
Constitution, Section V, Article 49.
|
2004/01/14
|
|
نيوزيلندا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
"The Prime Minister is appointed by warrant by the Governor-General" who is required by constitutional convention to "act on the outcome of the electoral process and subsequent discussions between political parties" which identify the party or group of parties "able to command the confidence of the House of Representatives," "and therefore has a mandate to govern the country." Constitutional convention also requires the Governor-General to "act on the outcome of the political process by which the person who will lead the government as Prime Minister is identified."
This means that the leader of the majority party, or leader of the ruling coalition parties, in the House becomes the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
https://dpmc.govt.nz/our-business-units/cabinet-office/supporting-work-cabinet/cabinet-manual/2-ministers-crown-1
https://www.newzealandnow.govt.nz/living-in-nz/history-government/our-constitution
|
2024/07/02
|
|
نيكاراغوا
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The President of the Republic is both the Head of State and the Head of Government.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de Nicaragua (2014)”, art. 144, 146, 147 (1):
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/constitucion/constitucion-politica-de-nicaragua-con-reformas-a/ (2016);
Electoral Law No. 331: “Ley Electoral No. 331 (enmendada por la ley No. 790 del 23/05/2012)”, art. 145:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/NI/leyes-electorales/nicaragua-ley-no.-331-ley-electoral-2012/ (2016).
|
2016/06/07
|
|
النيجر
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President of the Republic shall appoint the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution of 25 November 2010 with its amendments, art. 56: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/NE/niger-constitution-english-version-2010/view
|
2017/02/01
|
|
نيجيريا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is the Head of State as well as the Head of Government.
A candidate for an election to the office of President shall be deemed to have been duly elected to such office where, being the only candidate nominated for the election -
(a) he has a majority of YES votes over NO votes cast at the election; and
(b) he has not less than one-quarter of the votes cast at the election in each of at least two-thirds of all the States in the Federation and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja
A candidate for an election to the office of President shall be deemed to have be been duly elected, where, there being only two candidates for the election -
(a) he has the majority of votes cast at the election; and
(b) he has not less than one-quarter of the votes cast at the election in each of at least two-thirds of all the States in the Federation and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
A candidate for an election to the office of President shall be deemed to have been duly elected where, there being more than two candidates for the election-
(a) he has the highest number of votes cast at the election;
(b) he has not less than one-quarter of the votes cast at the election each of at least two-thirds of all the States in the Federation and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
مصدر:
Constitution 1999 (as amended), art. 130, 133, 134: http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=179202 (2013)
|
2015/03/30
|
|
نيوي
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Premier is elected by an absolute majority of the members present and voting at the first meeting of the Niue Assembly after a general election.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 4.
|
2014/06/23
|
|
جزر نورفولك
|
e. بالتعيين
|
There shall be an Administrator of the Territory, who shall administer the government of the Territory as a Territory under the authority of the Commonwealth. The Administrator shall be appointed by the Governor General by Commission and shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor General.
مصدر:
Norfolk Island Act, art. 5-6
|
2010/01/07
|
|
جزر ماريانا الشمالية
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The executive power is vested in a governor who is jointly elected with the lieutenant governor for a four year term. Each voter casts a single vote applicable to both offices. After the Commonwealth Election Commission certifies the results of a general election and if no candidates receive more than one half of the total votes cast and counted for the offices of the governor and lieutenant governor, on the fourteenth day thereafter, a runoff election shall be held between the candidates for governor and the lieutenant governor receiving the highest and second highest number of votes cast and counted for those offices.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. III, sec. 4
https://cnmilaw.org/cons.php#gsc.tab=0
|
2024/11/28
|
|
النرويج
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Constitution (Art. 12): The King himself chooses a Council from among Norwegian citizens who are entitled to vote. This Council shall consist of a Prime Minister and at least seven other Members.
Constitution (Art. 15): Any person who holds a seat in the Council of State has the duty to submit his application to resign once the Storting has passed a vote of no confidence against that Member of the Council of State or against the Council of State as a whole.
The King is bound to grant such an application to resign.
The leader of the majority party or coalition is usually appointed Prime Minister by the Monarch with the approval of the Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution(last amended May 2014), Art. 12, Art. 15.
|
2017/05/19
|
|
عمان
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Sultan presides over the Council of Ministers and he may appoint a Prime Minister. However, at the moment he is both the head of state and the head of government (since July 1972).
مصدر:
Basic Statute of the State, as amended by Royal Decree No. 99/2011, art. 42, 48:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Oman_2011.pdf?lang=en
|
2025/04/30
|
|
باكستان
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The Prime Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the National Assembly:
Provided that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held between the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member who secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been elected as Prime Minister:
Provided further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the highest number of votes is equal, further poll shall be held between them until one of them secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 91: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Pakistan_2017
|
2024/11/25
|
|
بالاو
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is both the head of state and the head of government, elected by popular vote in a two round system.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. VIII (1 & 4); Voting Rights Act of 1981 as amended, Sec. 1701 (23 PNCA §1701).
|
2016/11/04
|
|
فلسطين
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Palestinian Basic Law, art. 45, 64 (1): http://www.osservatorioiraq.it/sites/default/files/Palestinian%20Basic%20Law%20with%20Amendements%20-%20english.pdf (2013)
|
2013/04/08
|
|
بنما
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The president of the Republic is both the head of State and the head of government. They are elected for a five-year term by simple majority of votes. Re-election is not allowed for two immediate terms.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política de la República de Panamá”, art. 175–178: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PA/panama-constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-2004
|
2024/12/05
|
|
بابوا غينيا الجديدة
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister shall be appointed, at the first meeting of the Parliament after a general election and otherwise from time to time as the occasion for the appointment of a Prime Minister arises, by the Head of State, acting in accordance with a decision of the Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, Section 142: http://www.igr.gov.pg/constitution.pdf (2012)
|
2017/03/16
|
|
باراغواي
|
h. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
The president qho is the head of state and the head of government is elected together with a vice-president directly by simple majority in general elections.
مصدر:
Constitución: Constitución Nacional de la República del Paraguay art. 238: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PY/constitucion/Paraguay%20%281992%29.pdf/ (1992)
|
2023/03/16
|
|
بيرو
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is both the head of state and the head of government and is elected directly by an absolute majority of votes. If none of the candidates receives an absolute majority of votes, there is a second round of elections for the two candidates who have received the highest number of votes in the first round.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución Política del Perú”, art. 111: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-constitucion-politica-2019/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley 26859, orgánica de elecciones”, art. 17: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PE/peru-ley-26859-organica-elecciones-2019/
|
2020/01/28
|
|
الفلبين
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The executive power is vested in the President. The President is elected together with the Vice-President by direct vote of the people for a term of six years. The person having the highest number of votes shall be proclaimed elected, but in case two or more shall have an equal and highest number of votes, one of them shall forthwith be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the Members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. VII, Sec. 1, 4:
http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/#article-vii(2016)
http://www.asianlii.org/ph/legis/const/1987/8.html (2019)
|
2019/04/24
|
|
جزر بيتكيرن
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
Constitution
"27.—(1) There shall be a Governor of Pitcairn, who shall be appointed by Her Majesty by Commission under Her Sign Manual and Signet and shall hold office during Her Majesty’s pleasure.
(2) The Governor shall have such functions as are conferred or imposed on him or her by this Constitution or any other law and such other functions as Her Majesty may from time to time be pleased to assign to him or her through a Secretary of State."
Laws of Pitcairn
"3.—[(1) There shall be the following elected officials to be known as Island Officers—
(a) the Mayor, who shall be:
(i) elected for a term of 3 years;
(ii) eligible, upon expiry of his or her term of office, to be elected Mayor for a second term of 3 years;
(b) the Deputy Mayor, who shall be elected for a 2 year 197
Island Officers."
(c) [five Councillors, who shall each be elected for a
2 year term.]
مصدر:
Constitution Part 3, Article 27(1-2)
http://www.government.pn/Pitcairn%20Islands%20Constitution%20Order%202010.pdf
Laws of Pitcairn Chapter XI Local Government Ordinance, Part II, Article 3(1)
http://www.government.pn/Laws/Cap%2011%20-%20Local%20Government%20Ordinance.pdf
|
2019/11/05
|
|
بولندا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President of the Republic shall nominate a Prime Minister who shall propose the composition of a Council of Ministers. The President of the Republic shall, within 14 days of the first sitting of the Sejm or acceptance of the resignation of the previous Council of Ministers, appoint a Prime Minister together with other members of a Council of Ministers and accept the oaths of office of members of such newly appointed Council of Ministers.
مصدر:
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April, 1997, as amended in 2009, article 154 (1): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Poland_2009
|
2024/11/13
|
|
البرتغال
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Article 133
(Competences in relation to other entities)
In relation to other entities and organs the President of the Republic has the competences:
f) To appoint the Prime Minister pursuant to Article 187(1);
Article 187
(Formation)
1. The President of the Republic appoints the Prime Minister after consulting the parties with seats in
Assembly of the Republic and in the light of the electoral results.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Seventh Revision, 2005, Articles 133 (f), 187(1):
https://www.parlamento.pt/Legislacao/Paginas/ConstituicaoRepublicaPortuguesa.aspx - Portuguese
https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/pt/pt045en.pdf - English
|
2024/10/26
|
|
بورتوريكو
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
According to the special legal system of Puerto Rico, the General Governor is head of Government who is elected by universal suffrage through the principle of simple majority vote, for a four-year term.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico”, art. IV (s. 1) and VI (s. 4): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/PR/puerto-rico-constitucion-1970/
|
2020/11/03
|
|
قطر
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prince appoints the Prime Minister, accepts his resignation and relieves him from his post by a Princely Order.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 72: https://www.gco.gov.qa/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/permanent_constitution_state_qatar_en.pdf
|
2025/05/08
|
|
رومانيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
Article 85: (1) The President of Romania shall designate a candidate to the office of Prime Minister and appoint the Government on the basis of the vote of confidence of Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of Romania, amended in 2003, art. 85.https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Romania_2003?lang=en
|
2020/08/22
|
|
Russian Federation
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation shall be appointed by the President of the Russian Federation with the consent of the State Duma.
مصدر:
Constitution: The Constitution of the Russian Federation, art. 83: http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/base/54.html
|
2024/03/22
|
|
رواندا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister shall be nominated, appointed and removed from office by the President of the Republic.
مصدر:
Constitution (2023), Art. 116 : https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/RW/constitution-of-the-republic-of-rwanda-last/view
|
2024/12/04
|
|
سانت هيلانة
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The executive authority of St Helena is vested in Her Majesty, exercised on her behalf by the Governor, who is appointed by her. There shall be an Executive Council for St Helena, which shall consist of: five of the Elected Members of the Legislative Council, three ex officio members, namely the Chief Secretary, the Financial Secretary and the Attorney General and temporary members as may be appointed according to subsection 2 of article 35 of the Constitution.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 34-35
|
2010/01/12
|
|
سانت كيتس ونيفيس
|
e. بالتعيين
|
(1) There shall be a Prime Minister of Saint Christopher and Nevis who shall be appointed by the
Governor-General.
(2) Whenever the Governor-General has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he or she shall appoint a
Representative who appears to him or her likely to command the support of the majority of the Representatives.
مصدر:
Article 52, Constitution
|
2020/04/14
|
|
سانت لوسيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by Governor General. Whenever the Governor-general has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he shall appoint a member of the House who appears to him likely to command the support of the majority of the members of the House.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 60
|
2011/06/28
|
|
سانت فنسنت وغرينادين
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor General. Whenever the Governor General has occasion to appoint a Prime Minister he shall appoint a Representative who appears to him likely to command the support of the majority of the Representatives.
مصدر:
Constitution of St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1979, art, 51
|
2021/12/26
|
|
ساموا
|
h. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
|
2021/04/09
|
|
سان مارينو
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Head of Government is Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs who is elected by the Great and General Council for a five year term.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 3 (Available on the Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm)
|
2012/05/25
|
|
ساو تومي وبرينسيبي
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is designated by the President of the Republic, taking into consideration the electoral results
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 110: https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Sao_Tome_and_Principe_2003.pdf?lang=en
|
2021/06/17
|
|
المملكة العربية السعودية
|
f. أخرى
|
The King is the head of the government and presides over the Council of Ministers.
مصدر:
The Basic Law of Governance, art. 56: http://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=4 (2012)
|
2012/08/20
|
|
السنغال
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The head of Government is the Prime Minister who is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
Constitution 2012, art. 49, 53 (1): http://www.assemblee-nationale.sn/images/stories/PDF/constitution_du_senegal.pdf (2017)
English: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Senegal_2009?lang=en (2017)
|
2024/10/25
|
|
صربيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The President of the Republic shall propose to the National Assembly a candidate for the Prime Minister, after considering views of representatives of elected lists of candidates.
By means of majority vote of all deputies the National Assembly shall elect members of the Government and decide on the end of the term of office of the Government and ministers
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Republic of Serbia, art. 105(9), 112(3).
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/RS/constitution-of-the-republic-of-serbia-2006/view
|
2022/07/05
|
|
سيشيل
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
مصدر:
- Constitution of the Republic of Seychelles (2011), art. 50
-Pre-election Assessment Mission report, Presidential election of 2015, EISA (2015)
|
2025/02/25
|
|
سيراليون
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The president is both the head of state and the head of government. S/he is elected by receiving 55% of votes in the first round of elections, or if that is not attained, the two candidates with the highest numbers of votes from the first round go to the second round, in which the candidate who receives the highest number of votes is declared President.
مصدر:
Constitution (2008), art. 40 & 42: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SL/sierra-leone-constitution-2008/
|
2017/01/12
|
|
سنغافورة
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President shall appoint as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the Members of Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Singapore, Art. 25: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Singapore_2010?lang=en (2017)
|
2017/03/24
|
|
سلوفاكيا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President appoints and removes the Prime Minister and other members of the government. The government is obliged within 30 days of its nomination, to present itself to the National Council of the Slovak Republic, submit ist government program and ask for a vote of confidence.
مصدر:
The Constitution of the Slovak Republic, Article 110 & 113: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/SK/constitution-of-the-slovak-republic-as-amended-to/view
|
2024/10/25
|
|
سلوفينيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
After consultation with the leaders of parliamentary groups the President of the Republic proposes to the National Assembly a candidate for Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is elected by the National Assembly by a majority vote of all deputies. Voting is by secret ballot.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 111
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Slovenia_2013?lang=en
|
2026/04/03
|
|
جزر سليمان
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
Art. 33 (1): There shall be a Prime Minister who shall be elected as such by the members of Parliament from among their number in accordance with the provisions of Schedule 2 to this Constitution
مصدر:
Constitution of 1978, Amended 2014: Art. 33 (1).
Constitution (2014): https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_Islands_2014.pdf?lang=en
Amendment 2018: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/SB/solomon-islands-constitution-amendment-2018
|
2019/02/28
|
|
الصومال
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The powers and responsibilities of the President of the Federal Republic of Somalia are to:
Appoint the Prime Minister, and to dissolve the Federal Government if it does not get the
required vote of confidence from the House of the People of the Federal Parliament by a
simple majority (50% +1);
مصدر:
Transitional Constitution of 2012, Art. 90 (d), 100: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SO/somalia-provisional-constitution-of-2012/view
|
2016/11/25
|
|
جنوب أفريقيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The President is the Head of State and of government, as well as Commander in Chief of the armed forces. The President is elected by the National Assembly from among its members.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Articles 83, 86 & 202: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/ZA/south-africa-electoral-act-2010/view
|
2014/05/01
|
|
جنوب السودان
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of the Republic of South Sudan is the head of State and Government, the Commander-in-Chief of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army and the Supreme Commander of all the other regular forces. The incumbent elected President of the Government of Southern Sudan shall be the President of the Republic of South Sudan.
مصدر:
Transitional Constitution 2011, art. 97: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e269a3e2.html%C2%A0 (2012)
|
2021/06/02
|
|
اسبانيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The head of government is also referred to as the President of the Government (equivalent to Prime Minister). The King, consulting with the representatives appointed by the political groups represented in the parliament, and through the Speaker of the Congress, nominates a candidate for the Presidency of the Government. The candidate then submits to the Congress the political program of the Government he/she intends to form and seeks the confidence of the House. If the Congress, by vote of the overall majority of its members, grants its confidence to the candidate, the King shall appoint him/her as President. If overall majority is not obtained, the same proposal shall be submitted for a fresh vote forty-eight hours after the previous one, and confidence shall be deemed to be secured if granted by single majority.
مصدر:
Constitution: "Constitución Española", art. 99:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/europe/ES/espana-constitucion-espanola-2011-2016/
|
2025/04/01
|
|
سري لانكا
|
f. أخرى
|
The President of the Republic shall be elected by the People, and shall hold office for a term of six years
At the election of the President every voter while casting his vote for any candidate may where there are three candidates for election, specify his second preference and where there are more than three candidates for election, specify his second and third preferences.
The candidate, if any, who receives more than one-half of the valid votes cast shall be declared elected as President. Where no candidate is declared elected, the candidate or candidates, other than the candidates who received the highest and second highest number of such votes, shall be eliminated from the contest, and the second preference of each voter whose vote had been for a candidate eliminated from the contest, shall, if it is for one or the other of the remaining two candidates, be counted as a vote for such candidate and be added to the votes counted in his favour and the third preference of each voter whose second preference is not counted under that sub-paragraph shall, if it is for one or the other of the remaining two candidates, be counted as a vote for such candidate and be added to the votes counted in his favour. The candidate who receives the majority of the votes so counted shall be declared elected as President.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 30(2), 94(1-2): http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/asia/LK/sri-lanka-constitution-as-amended-up-to-9/at_download/file
|
2016/01/28
|
|
سودان
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President is both the head of state and the head of government, directly elected by absolute majority of votes.
مصدر:
The Interim National Constitution of 2005, art. 52, 54 & 70: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ba749762.html (2012)
|
2012/08/31
|
|
سورينام
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The President is Head of State of the Republic of Suriname, Head of Government, Chairman of the Council of State and of the Security Council. He is elected by the National Assembly for five years.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 90, 91: http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Suriname/english.html (2012)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
سوازيلاند
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the King from among members of the House acting on the recommendation of King's Advisory Council and may be removed from office by the King.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland, art. 67 & 68
|
2012/02/24
|
|
السويد
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
c) The head of government is the Prime Minister. When the Prime Minister is to be appointed the Speaker of the Riksdag summons for consultation representatives from every party group in the Riksdag. The Speaker confers with the Deputy Speakers before placing a proposal before the Riksdag. The Riksdag shall proceed to vote on the proposal no later than the fourth day following, without prior preparation in committee. If more than half the members of the Riksdag vote against the proposal, it is rejected. In any other case, it is adopted. If the Riksdag rejects the Speaker's proposal four times, the procedure for appointing a Prime Minister shall be abandoned and be resumed after a new election to the Riksdag has been held.
مصدر:
The Instrument of Government, Ch. 6, Art. 1 - 6: Official Website of the Parliament: http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Start/Bestall/Sprakversioner/English---engelska1/Sveriges-grundlagar-och-riksdagsordningen1/ (2012)
|
2014/08/04
|
|
سويسرا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Federal Council is the supreme governing and executive authority of the Confederation and as a collective organ is the head of state and the head of government. It is composed of 7 members, out of whom one is elected to be the President of the Confederation. The President of the Confederation chairs the Federal Council. The President and the Vice-President of the Federal Council are elected by the Federal Assembly from the members of the Federal Council for a term of office of one year.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184: https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19995395/201506140000/101.pdf (2015)
|
2025/03/28
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President appoints the Prime Minister.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 97
|
2014/06/02
|
|
تايوان
|
e. بالتعيين
|
|
2020/04/13
|
|
طاجيكستان
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of the Republic of Tajikistan is the head of State and executive power (the Government).
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, amended as of May 22, 2016, art. 64.
|
2025/02/19
|
|
تنزانيا
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The president is the Head of State, the Head of Government and the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. Any presidential candidate shall be declared duly elected President only if he has obtained majority of votes.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 41: https://www.inec.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1714455356-1.%20sw-1675190712-sw1499671152-Katiba_ya_Tanzania.pdf
|
2025/12/01
|
|
تايلاند
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The King appoints the Prime Minister and not more than thirty-five other Ministers to constitute the Council of Ministers having the duty to carry out the administration of State affairs with collective accountability. The Prime Minister must be a member of the House of Representatives. The President of the House of Representatives shall countersign the Royal Command appointing the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister shall not hold office for more than eight consecutive years.The resolution of the House of Representatives approving the appointment of a person as Prime Minister shall be passed by the votes of more than one-half of the total number of the existing members of the House of Representatives.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Sec. 158, 159: https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+KINGDOM+OF+THAILAND+(B.E.+2560+(2017)).pdf
|
2023/10/04
|
|
تيمور - ليشتي
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The head of government is the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister shall be designated by the most-voted political party or alliance of political parties with parliamentary majority and shall be appointed by the President of the Republic, after consultation with the political parties sitting in the National Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, article 104 (1) and 106 (1): https://timor-leste.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Constitution_RDTL_ENG.pdf
|
2024/11/14
|
|
توغو
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The head of government is the Prime Minister. The President of the Republic appoints the Prime Minister from the party that has parliamentary majority.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 66, 78: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,TGO,456d621e2,48ef43c72,0.html (2013)
|
2013/01/03
|
|
توكيلاو
|
f. أخرى
|
Article 3: General Fono
The General Fono consists of the following members -
The Faipule and Pulenuku of each village, and
One delegate from each village for every 100 inhabitants of that village, based on the latest available census figures rounded to the nearest 100 inhabitants.
Article 5: Executive powers of the General Fono
It is the duty of the General Fono to manage the following matters in the interests of the nation -
National budget appropriation and national financial management;
National public service;
The relationship of Tokelau with New Zealand;
International relations;
National integrity;
National resources;
National transport;
Telecommunications;
Postal services;
Policy and structures for national health and education;
Tokelau currency for coin collectors; and
Any matters related to any of these items and any matter referred by the Taupulega of each village to the General Fono for its consideration, decision, or legislative action.
The capacity of Tokelau to enter into treaties and other international arrangements shall be exercised by the Council for the Ongoing Government.
Any treaty or other international arrangement may be entered into by Tokelau only following a resolution of the General Fono to that effect.
No provision of a treaty or other international arrangement shall have the effect of law unless approved by the General Fono by Rule.
Every document that must be signed by Tokelau may be signed on behalf of Tokelau by the three Faipule, or the Ulu, as they decide.
Article 6: Council for the Ongoing Government
When the General Fono is not in session, the executive business of the General Fono shall be conducted by the Council for the Ongoing Government, which shall, after such consultation as it thinks fit, take the decisions necessary for the effective administration of Tokelau.
The Council shall include the three Faipule and the three Pulenuku, and portfolios shall be allocated to each member of the Council.
The National Government is represented by the Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau (which functions as the Cabinet), consisting of 3 Faipule (village leaders) and 3 Pulenuku (village mayors). The position of the head of government ('Ulu-o-Tokelau' - the leader of Tokelau) rotates among the 3 Faipule on an annual basis.
مصدر:
Constitution of Tokelau 2007, Article 3, 5-6
https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TK/tokelau-constitution
'Tokelau Islands Information Paper, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade': http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Pacific/Tokelau.php
CIA World Factbook: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tl.html
|
2020/01/22
|
|
تونغا
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Cabinet or ministers of the King shall consist of the Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Lands, the Minister of Police and any other ministers whom His Majesty may be pleased to appoint.
مصدر:
Constitution, Art. 51: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/TO/Tonga%20Act%20of%20Constitution%201988.pdf/view (2021)
|
2021/09/13
|
|
ترينيداد وتوباغو
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The person appointed by the President as Prime Minister can be either the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives or, if there is no majoritarian party, the member of the House who is most likely to command the support of the majority of members of that House.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitution of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago”, Section 76: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TT/trinidad-and-tobago-constitution-2016/
|
2020/08/22
|
|
تونس
|
d. زعيم الحزب الذي يشكل الحكومة يكون رئيسا للحكومة
|
Head of Government is the Prime Minister, who is candidate of the party or the electoral coalition which won the largest number of seats in the Assembly of the Representatives of the People and is appointed by the President.
مصدر:
The Constitution of 26 January 2014, art. 89: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/TN/tunisia-constitution-of-26-january-2014/view (2014)
|
2019/08/05
|
|
تركيا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The Turkish Constitution was amended in 2017 that fused the role of the head of government and the head of the state in one person: the president. The amendment removed the post of Prime Minister.
If the simple majority is not obtained in the first round of Presidential elections, a second round of voting is held according to procedure stated in Article 101.
مصدر:
Unofficial Translation Of The Amendments To The Constitution, art. 77: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF(2017)005-e
|
2018/06/07
|
|
تركمانستان
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The President of Turkmenistan is the head of the state and executive power. The Cabinet of Ministers (Government) of Turkmenistan shall be the executive and administrative body. The President of Turkmenistan shall be the Chairperson of the Cabinet of Ministers.
مصدر:
Constitution of Turkmenistan (2016), Article 68 & 91: http://www.osce.org/odihr/262336?download=true.
|
2013/03/05
|
|
جزر تركس وكايكوس
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Governor appoints as Premier the elected member of the Parliament who demonstrates in writing that he or she commands the support of a majority of elected members of the Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution: “The Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands”, Section 31: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/TC/turks-and-caicos-constitution-2014/
|
2025/09/30
|
|
توفالو
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
Constitution, art. 63(1) The Prime Minister shall be elected by the members of Parliament in accordance with Schedule 2 (Election and Appointment of Prime Minister).
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 63:http://tuvalu-legislation.tv/cms/images/LEGISLATION/PRINCIPAL/1986/1986-0001/ConstitutionofTuvalu_1.pdf
|
2019/02/25
|
|
أوغندا
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
There shall be a President of Uganda who shall be the Head of State, Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief of the Uganda People’s Defence Forces and the Fountain of Honour. The election of the President shall be by universal adult suffrage through a secret ballot. A candidate shall not be declared elected as President unless the number of votes cast in favour of that candidate at the presidential election is more than fifty percent of valid votes cast at the election. Where at a presidential election no candidate obtains the percentage of votes, a second election shall be held within thirty days after the declaration of the results in which election the two candidates who obtained the highest number of votes shall be the only candidates.
مصدر:
Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, art. 98 (1), 103 (1, 4, 5, 6): https://ec.or.ug/docs/Constitution_1995.pdf
|
2026/03/18
|
|
أوكرانيا
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister of Ukraine is appointed by the Parliament of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada) upon the submission by the President of Ukraine. The name of a candidate for the office of the Prime Minister of Ukraine is put forward by the President of Ukraine upon the proposal by the parliamentary coalition or by a parliamentary faction whose People's Deputies of Ukraine make up a majority of the constitutional membership of the Parliament.
مصدر:
Constitution, article 114
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/474-14
|
2019/03/11
|
|
الامارات
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, with the consent of the Supreme Council.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 54 (5): https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_Arab_Emirates_2009?lang=en
|
2019/09/25
|
|
المملكة المتحدة
|
e. بالتعيين
|
After a general election, the appointment of a Prime Minister is the prerogative of the Sovereign. The Head of Government is the Prime Minister.
The leader of the party with an overall majority of seats in the House of Commons is usually appointed to the role of Prime Minister, but there could still be exceptional circumstances when the reigning monarch might need to exercise discretion. In appointing a Prime Minister, the Sovereign is guided by constitutional conventions. The main requirement is to find someone who can command the confidence of the House of Commons.
Although she is a constitutional monarch who remains politically neutral, The Queen retains the ability to give a regular audience to a Prime Minister during his or her term of office.
مصدر:
Official Website of the UK Parliament: https://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/principal/government-opposition/
|
2025/06/12
|
|
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
|
h. غير قابلة للتطبيق
|
The President (Executive) is the Head of State and Head of Government.
مصدر:
U.S. Constitution, Art. II:
http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/US/united-states-of-america-constitution-1992/view
|
2024/09/30
|
|
أوروغواي
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The president, who is both the head of state and the head of government, is elected by absolute majority of votes. If none of the candidates obtains the required majority, a second round of elections is held between the two candidates with the most votes on the last Sunday of the month of November of the same year.
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitución de la República de Uruguay, arts. 149, 150, 151, https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/UY/uruguay-constitucion-de-la-republica-2004-vigente/view (2004).
|
2024/12/18
|
|
أوزبكستان
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
Candidacy of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan for consideration and approval by the Legislative Chamber shall be submitted by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan following consultations with all factions of political parties within a month after the election of officials and the formation of the bodies of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan or within a month after the release from office or resignation of the Prime Minister and the current composition of the Cabinet of Ministers.
The Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall consider the candidacy of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan submitted by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan within ten days from the date of the submission.
مصدر:
The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chapter 20, Article 118: https://constitution.uz/en/clause/index#chapter25
|
2024/08/26
|
|
فانواتو
|
c. ينتخب بشكل غير مباشر من قبل هيئة تشريعية
|
The Prime Minister is elected by the absolute majority of the members of parliament by secret ballot.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 41 & schedule 2: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/pacific/VU/vanuatu-constitution-of-the-republic-of-vanuatu/at_download/file
|
2016/01/26
|
|
فنزويلا
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
The President who is both the head of state and the head of government is directly elected by the majority of valid votes.
مصدر:
Constitution: “Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela”, art. 228: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-constitucion-reforma-2009/ ;
Electoral Law: “Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales”, art. 7: http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/VE/venezuela-ley-organica-procesos-electorales-2009/
|
2020/11/15
|
|
فيتنام
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The Prime Minister is the head of government. The president recommends the election of the Prime Minister to the National Assembly. The Prime Minister needs to be a representative in the National Assembly.
مصدر:
Constitution of 1992 as amended, art. 103, 110: http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10450(2016)
|
2021/04/07
|
|
الجزر العذراء البريطانية
|
e. بالتعيين
|
52.—(1) The Premier shall be appointed by the Governor as follows—
(a) if a political party gains a majority of the seats of elected members of the House of
Assembly the Governor shall appoint as Premier the elected member of the House
recommended by a majority of the elected members of the House who are members of
that party;
(b) if no political party gains such a majority or if no recommendation is made under
paragraph (a), the Governor, acting in his or her discretion, shall appoint as Premier the
elected member of the House of Assembly who, in his or her judgement, is best able to
command the support of a majority of the elected members of the House.
مصدر:
The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, Article 52(1)
http://www.bvi.gov.vg/sites/default/files/constitution.pdf
|
2019/02/08
|
|
الجزر العذراء ، الولايات المتحدة
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
The head of government is the Governor who is elected together with the Lieutenant Governor by a majority of the votes cast by the people who are qualified to vote for the members of the legislature of the Virgin Islands. If no candidates receive a majority of the votes cast in any election, on the 14th day thereafter a runoff election shall be held between the candidates for governor and lieutenant governor receiving highest and second highest numbers of votes cast.
مصدر:
Revised Organic Act (1954), art. 11
|
2009/11/26
|
|
واليس وفوتونا
|
g. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
الصحراء الغربية
|
g. لا تتيسر معلومات
|
|
2009/08/14
|
|
اليمن
|
e. بالتعيين
|
The President appoints the Prime Minister, who as a head of government, forms the Council of Ministers.
مصدر:
Constitution, art. 119 (4), 130: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,,YEM,3fc4c1e94,0.html (2012)
|
2012/08/22
|
|
زامبيا
|
a. ينتخب بشكل مباشر في الانتخابات العامة - الاغلبية البسيطة
|
Elections to the office of President shall be conducted
directly, under a majoritarian electoral system, where the winning
candidate must receive more than fifty percent of the valid votes
cast
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of Zambia, art. 47 & 91 (1)
http://www.parliament.gov.zm/sites/default/files/documents/amendment_act/Constitution%20of%20Zambia%20%20(Amendment),%202016-Act%20No.%202_0.pdf
|
2016/06/28
|
|
زنجبار
|
e. بالتعيين
|
There shall be a Chief Minister appointed by the President from amongst members of the House of Representatives. The Chief Minister shall be the Leader of Government business of the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar in the House of Representatives.
مصدر:
The Constitution of Zanzibar, art. 39
http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/tz/tz028en.pdf (2016)
|
2016/04/05
|
|
زيمبابوي
|
b. Directly elected in general elections, absolute majority (with 2nd round if necessary)
|
From the 2013 Constitution, the President is the Head of State and Government
مصدر:
Constitution: Constitution of Zimbabwe 2013; art 89, 92
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Zimbabwe_2013
|
2023/09/25
|
