Info
Boundary Delimitation
BD001
Delimitation of constituencies
Question: Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The division of electoral constituencies shall be defined by law in a manner which observes fair representation of the population and governorates and equitable representation of voters.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
BD003
Criteria for drawing boundaries
Question: On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: Other candidacy requirements, the electoral system, and division of electoral constituencies shall be defined by law in a manner which observes fair representation of the population and governorates and equitable representation of voters. Elections based on the plurality voting system or proportional list, or a combination of both at whatsoever ratio may be adopted.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
BD005
Body responsible for drawing boundaries
Question: The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):
a . Legislature (1st chamber) e . Electoral Management Body (EMB) f . A government department or agency
Comments: The division of constituencies is defined by law. National Elections Commission is responsible for proposing division of boundaries.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102 & 208:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
Electoral Systems
ES001
Head of State
Question: How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):
c . Directly elected in general elections (absolute majority with 2nd round if necessary)
Comments: The President is the Head of State and chief of the executive authority. The President of the Republic is elected by direct secret ballot, with an absolute majority of valid votes.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 143:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2018/03/18
ES002
Head of Government
Question: How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:
e . Appointed
Comments: The President of the Republic shall assign a Prime Minister to form the government and introduce his/her program to the House of Representatives.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 146:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
ES003
President
Question: Does the country have a president?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The President of the Republic is the head of State and the head of executive power.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 139:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
ES004
Number of Chambers
Question: The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:
b . Two chambers
Comments: Senate (upper chamber) and House of Representatives (lower chamber)
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, revised 2019 art. 101:
https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Egypt_2019 (2014, revised 2019).
Verified: 2025/09/23
ES005
Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
a . Plurality (FPTP)
Comments: The House of Representatives is composed of no less than four hundred and fifty members elected by direct secret public ballot.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
Legislative Framework
LF001
Status of Electoral Law
Question: What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Part of Constitution b . Separate legislation
Comments: Election of the President of the Republic or the House of Representatives shall take place as regulated by Law.
Source: Presidential Decree No. 22/2014, on the Regulation of the Presidential Elections, chapt. 1, art. 1: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/preselect-22_2014_en.pdf;
Presidential Election Law (08/03/2014): http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?CatID=2803#.U39avPldXTo (2014);
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 140. 143, 230:
http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
LF003
Electoral Law covers
Question: The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):
a . National elections c . Local elections d . Referendums
Comments: The law shall regulate the manner in which governors and heads of other local administrative units are appointed or elected, and shall determine their competences.
The National Elections Commission is an independent authority and shall be solely competent to administer referenda and elections of the president, the parliament and the local councils.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 175, 178, 179, 180, 208: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
LF004
Compulsory/voluntary voting
Question: Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):
b . Voting is compulsory and regulated in the electoral law c . Voting is compulsory and regulated in the constitution
Comments: Participation of citizens in the public life is a national duty. Every citizen shall have the right to vote, run for elections, and express his/her opinion in referendums. The Law shall regulate the exercise of these rights. There may be exemption from the performance of this duty in certain cases to be specified by Law.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 87: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
LF007
Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)
Question: What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
b . EMB
Comments: National Electoral Commission should be created to supervise and monitor the country’s general elections – parliamentary, presidential and municipal – and referendums
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, revised 2019 art. 208
Law No. 198 for the year 2017 on the National Election Authority: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/NEAlaw2017-198_en.pdf
Verified: 2025/09/23
Electoral Management
EM002
Responsibility of national EMB
Question: Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):
a . National level b . Regional level c . Local level
Comments: The National Elections Commission is an independent authority and shall be solely competent to administer referenda and elections of the president, the parliament and the local councils.
The High Electoral Committee and the Presidential Election Committee existing at the time this Constitution comes into force shall undertake the full supervision of the first parliamentary and
presidential elections following the effective date of the Constitution.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 208 & 228: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014);
Presidential Decree No. 22/2014, on the Regulation of the Presidential Elections, chapt. 2, art. 3: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/preselect-22_2014_en.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
EM004
EMB budget determined by
Question: The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: General state budget.
The resources of the authority are composed of:
1. Allocation assigned by the State from the general budget.
2. Any other resources that the Board agrees to include as part of its resources in coordination
with concerned entities
Source: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/NEAlaw2017-198_en.pdf
Verified: 2018/03/18
EM005
EMB expenditures controlled by
Question: The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):
e . Another organ within the national government
Comments: Central Audit Agency.
Source: Article 30: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/NEAlaw2017-198_en.pdf
Verified: 2018/03/18
EM006
Term of EMB members
Question: The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:
b . For a specified number of years
Comments: The members of the National Elections Commission shall be assigned to work on a full time basis at the Commission for one term of six years.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 209: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
EM012
Electoral Management model
Question: What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:
b . Independent
Comments: The National Elections Commission is an independent authority and shall be solely competent to administer referenda and elections of the president, the parliament and the local councils.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 208 & 228: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
EM013
Number of EMB members
Question: The EMB is composed of:
Answer:
a . 1 - 10 members (specify)
Comments: The National Elections Commission shall be administered by a board composed of 10 members.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 209: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
EM014
Membership based on
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:
b . Expertise
Comments: They shall be selected by the Supreme Judicial Council and special councils of the aforementioned judicial bodies and organizations, as the case may be, provided that they are not members thereof. They shall be appointed by virtue of a decree by the President of the Republic.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 209: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
EM015
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):
a . Head of State f . Judiciary
Comments: They shall be selected by the Supreme Judicial Council and special councils of the aforementioned judicial bodies and organizations, as the case may be, provided that they are not members thereof. They shall be appointed by virtue of a decree by the President of the Republic.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 209: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
Voter Education
VE001
Information campaigns performed by
Question: Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):
a . National Electoral Management Body
Comments: The High Electoral Committee and the Presidential Election Committee existing at the time this Constitution comes into force shall undertake the full supervision of the first parliamentary and presidential elections following the effective date of the Constitution. The funds of the two committees shall be transferred to the National Electoral Commission, immediately upon its formation
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 228: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
VE002
Frequency of voter education programs
Question: At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:
b . Election time only
Comments:
Source: Official Website of the High Elections Committee: http://www.elections.eg (2015).
Verified: 2025/09/23
VE003
National civic education
Question: Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):
b . Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
Comments:
Source: Official Website of the High Elections Committee: http://www.elections.eg (2015).
Verified: 2025/09/23
Voter Registration
VR001
Voting age
Question: What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:
c . 18
Comments:
Source: Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments, art. 1: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2012).
Verified: 2025/09/23
VR002
Other voting requirements
Question: Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Citizenship d . Naturalization
Comments: Every male and female Egyptian above 18 years old has the right to vote. A person who acquired Egyptian citizenship by naturalization shall not be recorded in the electoral register except after at least five years have passed since citizenship was acquired.
Source: Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments, art. 1 & 4: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2012).
Verified: 2025/09/23
VR004
Authority responsible for voter registration
Question: Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:
d . Election Management Body (specify)
Comments: The National Electoral Commission.
Source: Presidential Decree No. 22/2014, on the Regulation of the Presidential Elections, art. 6:
https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/preselect-22_2014_en.pdf(2014).
Verified: 2025/09/23
VR008
Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Question: Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: All persons, both male and female, having the right to exercise political rights shall be recorded in the electoral register.
Source: Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments, art. 4:
http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2012).
Verified: 2025/09/23
Parties and Candidates
PC001
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
c . Regional distribution requirement f . Other
Comments: New parties must have a minimum of 5,000 members from each of at least 10 governorates. The constitution also stated political activity could not be practiced nor a political party formed on the basis of religion or discrimination based on gender or origin. No activity “hostile to democratic principles, secretive, or of military or quasi-military nature” was permitted. Political parties could not be dissolved except by a court judgment. Rights groups asserted existing electoral practices contravened these provisions.
Source: U.S. Department of State 2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Egypt. https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/egypt/
Verified: 2025/09/30
PC003
Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Age b . Citizenship h . Minimum level of education j . Other
Comments: A candidate for the membership of the House must be an Egyptian citizen, enjoying civil and political rights, a holder of at least the certificate of basic education, and should not be below 25 Gregorian years of age on the day of opening candidacy registration. Other candidacy requirements, the electoral system, and division of electoral constituencies shall be defined by law in a manner which observes fair representation of the population and
governorates and equitable representation of voters.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 102: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf(2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
PC008
Independent candidates
Question: Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):
e . In both presidential and legislative elections
Comments: An individual system candidate shall submit a request for Nomination for the membership of the People's Assembly, in writing, to the election committee in the governorate in which he wishes to be nominated [as a candidate] in one of the constituencies [contained within the governorate], during the period which is to be determined by a decision of the High Elections Commission, provided that this period shall not be less than five days from the date the nomination period begins.
Source: Law No. 38/1972 On The People’s Assembly (28/12/2011) with its amendments, art. 3: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_people_s_assembly_including_amendments_to_october_2011.pdf (2011);
Presidential Decree No. 22/2014, on the Regulation of the Presidential Elections, art. 1&2: https://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/preselect-22_2014_en.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
PC012
Public funding of parties
Question: Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):
a . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 126: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf(2014);
Law No. 38/1972 On The People’s Assembly (28/12/2011) with its amendments, art. 3: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_people_s_assembly_including_amendments_to_october_2011.pdf (2011);
Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No. ( 45) of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art. 26: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViD_3vlVhHw;
Decree No. 12 amending Law on Political Parties, art. 11: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Story.aspx?sid=55527 (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
PC015
Question: What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):
g . Not applicable
Comments: Political parties are not entitled to public funding.
Source: Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf(2014);
Law No. 38/1972 On The People’s Assembly (28/12/2011) with its amendments: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_people_s_assembly_including_amendments_to_october_2011.pdf (2011);
Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No.(45) of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art. 26: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViD_3vlVhHw.
Verified: 2025/09/30
PC017
Question: Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: A party’s resources comprise membership subscriptions, donations of Egyptian natural persons and profits from investments in non-commercial activities defined in the party’s bylaws. Party donations are not tax-deductible.
Source: Decree No. 12 amending Law on Political Parties, art. 11: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Story.aspx?sid=55527 (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
Vote Counting
VC004
Votes are sorted/counted at
Question: Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:
c . Special counting centres
Comments: The counting of election or referendum votes from a polling station shall be held in the presence of the head of the polling station committee at the premises of the General Committee. The counting of the votes for the party-lists shall be conducted at the General Committee of the constituency. However, the National Electoral Commission may decide to carry out vote counting at the polling stations.
Source: Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments, art. 34, 34 Bis: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2012).
Verified: 2025/09/30
VC011
When are ballots recounted?
Question: Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):
g . No information available
Comments:
Source: Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2012.)
Verified: 2025/09/30
Media and Elections
ME037
Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
Question: What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):
a . Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance
Comments: The National Electoral Commission shall create rules governing distribution of air time available, especially prime-time TV and radio, for the purpose of electoral campaigning in state-owned and private media outlets based on full equality.
Source: Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments, art. 3 Bis-F (7): http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2012).
Verified: 2018/04/02
ME059
Television debates
Question: Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):
d . No information available
Comments:
Source: Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No. (45) of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViEX-vlVhHx (2014).
Verified: 2018/04/02
ME062
Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.
Question: What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:
c . 4-5 days
Comments: All media outlets are prohibited from publishing or broadcasting any poll during the five days prior to the day fixed for the conduct of the election or referendum; until the end of the voting process.
Source: Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No. (45) of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art. 33: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViEX-vlVhHx (2014).
Verified: 2018/04/02
ME080
Question: Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The maximum expenditure limit that each candidate has to spend on election campaigning shall be two million Egyptian pounds and the maximum expenditure limit at the run-off shall be one million Egyptian pounds.
Source: Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No. (45) of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art.25: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViEX-vlVhHx (2014).
Verified: 2018/04/02
Direct Democracy
DD002
Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 137, 151, 157, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD003
Mandatory referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The President of the Republic may not dissolve the House of Representatives except by a causative decision and following a public referendum. To dissolve the House of Representatives, the President must issue a decision to suspend parliamentary sessions and hold a referendum within 20 days. If voters agreed with a valid majority on the dissolution, it shall be carried out.
The declaration of a state of emergency must be approved by a majority of members of each Council. The declaration shall be for a specified period not exceeding six months, which can only be extended by another similar period upon the people’s approval in a public referendum.
If a constitutional amendment request is approved by both Houses, each of them shall discuss the text of the articles to be amended within 60 days from the date of approval; if approved by a two-thirds majority of each House, the amendment shall be put to public referendum within 30 days from the date of approval. The amendment shall be effective from the date of announcement of the referendum result.
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 137, 151, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD004
Optional referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The President of the Republic may call for a referendum on important issues relating to the supreme interests of the State. The result of a referendum shall be binding to all state authorities and the general public in all cases.
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.157: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD005
Citizens' Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, revised 2019: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD006
Agenda Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, revised 2019
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD007
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD129
Question: Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:
a . Always binding
Comments:
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.137, 151, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD130
Question: Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:
c . Both constitutional and other issues
Comments:
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.137, 151, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
DD131
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified: 2025/09/30
Voting Operations
VO003
Electors vote at
Question: Where can electors vote?
Answer(s):
a . At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Comments: “The Minister of Interior shall decide the number and location of general and sub-polling stations where elections and referendums will be held. Each station will have a head and no less than two members. Each station will have a secretary.”
Source: Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2013)
Verified: 2025/09/23
VO004
Voting outside the country is permitted for
Question: Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s):
b . Citizens residing outside the country
Comments:
Source: Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No.45 of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art. 50: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViELw_lVhHw (2014);
Legislative Decree No. 130 of 2011 concerning the Egyptians living abroad vote: http://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/OCVoting2011-130.pdf (2013).
Verified: 2025/09/23
VO005
Locations for voting outside of the country
Question: If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s):
a . Embassies b . Consulates
Comments:
Source: Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No.45 of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art. 50: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViELw_lVhHw (2014);
Legislative Decree No. 130 of 2011 concerning the Egyptians living abroad vote: http://www.elections.eg/images/pdfs/laws/OCVoting2011-130.pdf (2013).
Verified: 2025/09/23
VO011
Voting method
Question: How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s):
a . Manually marking of ballots
Comments: “Voting in elections or referendums shall be implemented by ticking on a balloting card prepared especially for this purpose. The head of the polling station shall give each voter an unfolded balloting card, sealed in its back by the committee, carrying the date of the election or the referendum.”
Source: Decree of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Law No.45 of 2014, on the Issuance of Law for regulating the Exercise of Some Political Rights, art. 44: http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?ArtID=78396#.ViELw_lVhHw (2014);
Law No. 73 of the year 1956 Regulating the Exercise of Political Rights and its Amendments, art. 29: http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/law_on_the_exercise_of_political_rights_including_amendments_to_december.pdf (2013).
Verified: 2025/09/23
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