Info
Boundary Delimitation
BD001
Delimitation of constituencies
Question: Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: For legislative elections, the country is divided into 300 single-member and 5 multi-member electoral constituencies.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 52 & 53: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 14(1), 44(l), 54(1[g]) & 214(3 & 4): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
BD003
Criteria for drawing boundaries
Question: On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
Answer(s):
a . "Equality" of population b . Respecting natural barriers c . Compactness of constituencies d . Conformity with local jurisdiction boundaries f . Communities of interest/cultural concerns g . Other
Comments: In addition, travel times and geographic continuity are also taken into account.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 53: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 14(1), 44(l), 54(1[g]) & 214(3 & 4): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/ ;
Criteria and rules for boundary delimitation: “Criterios y reglas operativas para la distritación nacional 2021–2023”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-criterios-distritacion-2021/ ;
INE, “Los 8 criterios para la distritación electoral”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-los-8-criterios-para-la-distritacion/
Verified: 2024/04/12
BD005
Body responsible for drawing boundaries
Question: The body responsible for drawing the boundaries is:
Answer(s):
e . Electoral Management Body (EMB)
Comments: The General Council of the National Electoral Institute (INE) is who dictates the necessary guidelines to update the electoral cartography of the country.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado B(b.6)]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 214 (1 & 2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Electoral Systems
ES001
Head of State
Question: How is the Head of State selected?
Answer(s):
a . Head of State is the Head of Government b . Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
Comments: The President is elected for 6 years with the majority of votes in direct elections.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 80 & 81: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES002
Head of Government
Question: How is the Head of Government selected?
Answer:
a . Directly elected in general elections (simple majority)
Comments: The president of the Republic is both the Head of State and of Government.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 81: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 12: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES003
President
Question: Does the country have a president?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 80–83: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES004
Number of Chambers
Question: The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
Answer:
b . Two chambers
Comments: The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members, elected for a three-year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-member constituencies by plurality vote, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in five 40-seat constituencies. The Chamber of Senators has 128 members, elected for a six-year term, 96 of them in three-seat constituencies (corresponding to the nation's 32 states) and 32 by proportional representation on a nationwide basis. In the state constituencies, two seats are awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first runner-up.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 50–53 & 56: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 13 & 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ES005
Electoral System (Chamber 1)
Question: What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
Answer(s):
e . Parallel (Segmented) (PR Lists and Majoritarian constituencies)
Comments: The Chamber of Deputies has 500 members, elected for a three-year term, 300 of whom are elected in single-member constituencies by plurality, with the remaining 200 members elected by proportional representation in five 40-seat constituencies.
Under no circumstance, a party or electoral coalition can hold more than 300 seats, regardless of the voting percentage cast in its favour.
As a general rule, no party or electoral coalition can obtain a total of seats that exceeds by more than 8 points the percentage of votes cast in its favour. For example, if a party gets 40% of the total voting, it may not have more than 48% of all the seats, that is to say, 240 out of the 500.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 14: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Legislative Framework
LF001
Status of Electoral Law
Question: What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Part of Constitution b . Separate legislation
Comments: The basic provisions about the electoral regime are embodied in Article 41 of Mexico’s Constitution, but separate and specific legislations detail all aspects related to the preparation, organisation and running of federal elections (General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures); there is another one on the legal regime of political parties (General Law on Political Parties); one more on direct democracy (Referendum Law); and, finally one on recalls (Recall Law).
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/ ;
Political Parties' Law: "Ley General de Partidos Políticos": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgpp-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/ ;
Election Regulations: “Reglamento de elecciones”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-reglamento-elecciones-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
LF003
Electoral Law covers
Question: The national electoral law covers:
Answer(s):
a . National elections
Comments: The General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures is enforced nationally. It also distributes powers between the Federation and the states and establishes the relationship between the INE (National Electoral Institute) and the local electoral management bodies.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 1: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
LF004
Compulsory/voluntary voting
Question: Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
Answer(s):
a . Voting is voluntary
Comments: Voting is a right and a civic obligation, but there are no formal sanctions.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 35(I), 36(III): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 7(1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
LF007
Electoral Disputes Agency(ies)
Question: What are the agency(ies) responsible for the first level of formal electoral disputes?
Answer(s):
c . Specially Appointed/Elected Electoral Tribunal
Comments: The EMB (National Electoral Institute) is only responsible for settling some very specific disputes in first level. Most of the formal complaints and disputes are settled, in first or last level, by the Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Branch of the Federation, which is a specialized and autonomous body of the Judicial Branch of the Federation.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 99: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Electoral Management
EM002
Responsibility of national EMB
Question: Does the national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
Answer(s):
a . National level c . Local level d . Other kinds of elections (church, union, etc.) Please specify.
Comments: At the local level, the responsibility is shared with the EMBs of each of the 32 states. Upon an amendment in 2024, the National Electoral Institute also organises the elections of justices, magistrates and judges of the federal Judiciary.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41(V): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 30 (1e): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/12/04
EM004
EMB budget determined by
Question: The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
Answer(s):
c . The legislature d . A national government department
Comments: INE elaborates its own budget independently. However, it has to be sent to the Poder Ejecutivo (Executive Power) for it to be included in the National General Budget, which is submitted to the Congress for approval.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 74(IV): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 44(z): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
EM005
EMB expenditures controlled by
Question: The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
Answer(s):
g . Other
Comments: INE’s Comptroller General is the specialised office created for that purpose.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41(V [Apartado A]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 487, 490: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
EM006
Term of EMB members
Question: The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
Answer:
b . For a specified number of years
Comments: Nine years.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado A]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 36 (3 & 6): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
EM012
Electoral Management model
Question: What is the Electoral Management model?
Answer:
b . Independent
Comments: The National Electoral Institute is a public, autonomous, permanent entity, independent in its decisions and functions, with legal personality and its own budget.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 29, 31 (1).: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
EM013
Number of EMB members
Question: The EMB is composed of:
Answer:
b . 11 - 20 members (specify)
Comments: 11 members: the President Councillor and ten Electoral Councillors. INE is a permanent institution. Its main directive body is the General Council, composed of eleven members appointed by the Congress (President and ten Electoral Councillors) who have "voice and vote" (not only can they express their opinions but also vote when a decision needs to be taken). Besides, the General Council is also composed of one representative of each registered national political party, and one Councillor from each parliamentary group, as well as the Executive Secretary of INE. None of the formers have the right to vote.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 36 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
EM014
Membership based on
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected on the basis of their:
Answer:
b . Expertise
Comments: All Councillors must meet certain requirements to guarantee their independence and impartiality, as well as the suitability in the performance of their positions, among these are: not having been registered as a candidate for any elective post nor having performed any directive position at a national or local level for a political party during the last four years prior to the designation; be 30 years or older, hold a bachelor’s degree at least five years
before the designation and be knowledgeable in electoral and political matter.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado A (a)]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 36 & 38 (d): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
EM015
Question: The EMB members/commissioners are selected by:
Answer(s):
e . Legislature
Comments: The eleven members of the General Council are elected through the vote of two thirds of the members in the Lower Chamber, from among the proposals put forward by the parliamentary groups of the same Chamber, after an open consultation. Should they not reach a consensus, the Electoral Councillors can be ultimately appointed by the Supreme Court through a lottery.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 36 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Voter Education
VE001
Information campaigns performed by
Question: Who conducts information campaigns for national elections (informing where, when and how to register and/or vote)?
Answer(s):
a . National Electoral Management Body
Comments: It is INE's responsibility to design and deliver voter education programmes, as well as information programmes during electoral periods. However, other organisations and institutions (such as national groups of observers and national political associations) do take these kinds of initiatives too.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado B (a)]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 30 (g), 58 (d): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VE002
Frequency of voter education programs
Question: At the national level, how often are voter education programs conducted?
Answer:
a . Continuously
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 30 & 58: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VE003
National civic education
Question: Is there a national civic education campaign (rights and responsibilities of citizens)?
Answer(s):
b . Yes, conducted by the National Electoral Management Body
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 30 (g), 58: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Voter Registration
VR001
Voting age
Question: What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
Answer:
c . 18
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 34 & 35: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Verified: 2024/04/12
VR002
Other voting requirements
Question: Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
Answer(s):
a . Citizenship e . Other
Comments: In order to exercise the right to vote, citizens should be registered in the Federal Electoral Register and must obtain their "electoral card" to vote (all of which can be done for free at any of INE's registration offices in the country and abroad).
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 34: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 9, 130 & 131 (2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VR004
Authority responsible for voter registration
Question: Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
Answer:
d . Election Management Body (specify)
Comments: INE is in charge, through a specialized executive direction (Executive Direction of the Federal Registry of Voters, DERFE, by its acronym in Spanish) of the conformation, updating and refining of the permanent registry of citizens entitled to vote.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 41 (V [Apartado B (a.3)]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 54 (1 [b–d]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VR008
Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Question: Is it compulsory to be on the voters register?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: In order to exercise the right to vote, the citizens are obliged to register themselves in the electoral register.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 9, 130 & 131: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Parties and Candidates
PC001
Registration requirements for parties (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Signature requirement (specify requirement) c . Regional distribution requirement
Comments: Every six years there is a chance for political organizations to formally apply to become new national political parties. They should have a number of affiliates that represents not less than 0.26% of the total amount of registered voters for the previous federal process, including at least 3,000 affiliates in 20 of the 32 states, or 300 in at least 200 of the 300 federal districts.
An already registered national political party does not need to register for every national election.
Source: Political Parties' Law: "Ley General de Partidos Políticos", arts. 10 (2b), 11: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgpp-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
PC003
Registration requirements for candidates (Chamber 1)
Question: What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
Answer(s):
a . Age b . Citizenship c . Country of birth d . Residence f . Registration j . Other
Comments: 18 years old; Mexican by birth; have been born in the state where they are competing.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 55: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 10: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
PC008
Independent candidates
Question: Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
Answer(s):
e . In both presidential and legislative elections
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (II): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 357: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
PC012
Public funding of parties
Question: Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
Answer(s):
b . Direct c . Indirect
Comments: Besides receiving public funding, the law grants the following prerogatives to political parties:
• To have permanent and free access to radio and television.
• To benefit from a special fiscal system.
• To benefit from postal and telegraph exemptions from payment, whenever necessary to achieve their functions.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", 41(II–III): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 159, 187: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/ ;
Political Parties' Law: "Ley General de Partidos Políticos", arts. 23(1d), 26, 50–52: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgpp-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
PC015
Question: What is the basis of the public funding?
Answer(s):
a . Equal funding, regardless of size and previous performance b . Based on result of previous election
Comments: 30% of the public funding is equally distributed among all the registered political parties. On the other hand, 70% of the public funding is distributed in accordance with the result of the previous election for the Chamber of Deputies. There are provisions for direct public funding of recently created political parties.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art 41(II): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
PC017
Question: Are political parties entitled to private funding?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: The law specifies and regulates four sources of private funding for political parties: by members, by supporters, self-financing and from financial yields. Under no circumstance can it amount to a sum bigger than that from public funding.
Source: Political Parties' Law: "Ley General de Partidos Políticos", art. 53: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgpp-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Vote Counting
VC004
Votes are sorted/counted at
Question: Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
Answer:
a . The polling stations
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 287: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VC011
When are ballots recounted?
Question: Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
Answer(s):
c . Automatically (triggered) recounted under certain conditions d . By request
Comments: The law orders that a new scrutiny and tallying of the registered voting at a given polling station be done for any election when: the results set in the acts do not match; there were evident alterations to the acts that would pose a founded doubt upon the outcome of the voting in the polling station; there is no act of the polling station and it is not in the possession of the president of the council; there are evident mistakes or inconsistencies throughout the acts, unless they can be clarified by other means to the complete satisfaction of whoever had made the request; every single vote was cast in favour of one candidate; the number of null votes is bigger than the difference between the two most-voted candidates; the dossier shows evidence of alteration. Furthermore, the law stipulates that a recount of all the votes of every polling station in a district must take place when at the beginning of the district count for a given election there is evidence, or if it was verified at the conclusion, that the difference between the two most-voted candidates is equal or inferior to 1% of the votes cast, as long as there is and express request.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 311: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Media and Elections
ME037
Criteria for allocating free broadcast time
Question: What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
Answer(s):
a . Equal regardless of size of party and previous performance c . Based on result of previous election g . Other (specify)
Comments: The same proportionality formula for direct public funding is used: 30 percent equally and 70 percent according to the number of votes obtained in the previous Lower Chamber election.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41(III): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 159, 167: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ME059
Television debates
Question: Are televised debates between candidates or party representatives normally conducted?
Answer(s):
a . Yes, in presidential elections
Comments: INE is tasked with coordinating two mandatory electoral debates between the presidential candidates, which have to be broadcasted live on radio and TV.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 218: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ME062
Blackout period for release of opinion poll results.
Question: What is the blackout period, if any, during which results of pre-election opinion polls may not be released to the public?
Answer:
b . 2-3 days
Comments: During the three days prior to polling day and up to the official closing hour of all the westernmost polling stations (20:00 Central Time).
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 251 (6): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
ME080
Question: Is there a maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Answer:
d . Not applicable
Comments: While there are lawful limits to the overall campaign expenses of political parties and candidates —set by the National Electoral Institute (Instituto Nacional Electoral, INE)— no specific amount is set for printed and online advertising. Besides, no one is allowed to buy radio and TV airtime.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 159, 167: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
Direct Democracy
DD002
Direct Democracy Provisions (National Level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (VII, VIII & IX): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD003
Mandatory referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (VIII): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular": https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD004
Optional referendums (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (VIII & IX): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular", arts. 5–6: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD005
Citizens' Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 35 (VII), 71 (IV): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD006
Agenda Initiatives (national level)
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:
b . No
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", arts. 35 (VII), 71 (IV): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD007
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments:
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (IX): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD129
Question: Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:
a . Always binding
Comments: The result of the "referendum" shall be binding whenever turnout amounts to at least 40% of the voters' list.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (IX.2): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular", arts. 5 & 64: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD130
Question: Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:
c . Both constitutional and other issues
Comments: The Referendum Law states that issues that can be consulted are those of national importance that have an impact on a large share of the population.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 35 (VIII): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular", arts. 5–6: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
DD131
Question: Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:
a . Yes
Comments: Mexico is a federal State where each of its have adopted direct democracy instruments for their own jurisdictions.
Source: Constitution: "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos", art. 41 (V [Apartado C]): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-constitucion-2024/ ;
Referendum Law: "Ley Federal de Consulta Popular", arts. 5: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfcpo-2024/ ;
Recall Law: “Ley Federal de Revocación de Mandato”: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lfrm-2022/ ;
Constitutions and electoral legal frameworks of Mexico’s 32 states.
Verified: 2024/04/12
Voting Operations
VO003
Electors vote at
Question: Where can electors vote?
Answer(s):
a . At a specified polling station in the locality where they are registered at national elections
Comments: While voters can only cast their vote in one specific polling station, “special” polling stations —up to ten per electoral district— are installed on Election Day for those who are away from the one where they are registered.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", arts. 253 (3), 258 (1 & 3), 278 (1–2), 279 (1): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VO004
Voting outside the country is permitted for
Question: Who can vote from outside the country?
Answer(s):
b . Citizens residing outside the country
Comments:
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 329: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VO005
Locations for voting outside of the country
Question: If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
Answer(s):
a . Embassies b . Consulates e . By mail f . Other
Comments: El ejercicio del voto de los mexicanos residentes en el extranjero podrá realizarse por correo, mediante la entrega de la boleta en forma personal en los módulos que se instales en las embajadas o consulados o, en su caso, por vía electrónica.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art. 329 (2–3): https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
VO011
Voting method
Question: How do electors cast their votes?
Answer(s):
a . Manually marking of ballots
Comments: Marcando en la boleta únicamente el cuadro correspondiente al partido político por el que vota, o anotando el nombre del candidato no registrado por el que desea emitir su voto. En caso que el elector no sepa leer o que se encuentre impedido físicamente para marcar sus boletas de voto, podrá hacerse asistir por una persona de su confianza que le acompañe.
Source: Electoral Law: "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales", art, 279: https://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/americas/MX/mexico-lgipe-2024/
Verified: 2024/04/12
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