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Finland
Boundary Delimitation
BD01 Are constituencies delimited for election purposes?
BD02 The authority responsible for final approval of the constituency boundaries is:
BD03 On what criteria are the boundaries drawn?
BD04 If population is a criterion, which population figure is used?
Direct Democracy
DD01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Mrs Anu Laaksonen
DD02 Which forms of direct democracy, if any, are currently possible at the national level?
Please check the glossary for the definition of the following terms:
DD03 What is the legal basis for mandatory referendums at the national level?
DD04 What is the legal basis for optional referendums at the national level?
DD05 What is the legal basis for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
DD06 What is the legal basis for agenda initiatives at the national level?
DD07 What is the legal basis for recalls at the national level?
DD08 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for mandatory referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
DD09 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for optional referendums at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
DD10 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for citizens' initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
DD103 What form of checks are undertaken to verify signatures for a citizens' initiative?
DD105 Who is responsible for checking the signatures?
DD106 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a referendum?
DD107 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in an initiative?
DD108 Which organisation(s), if any, is responsible for running non-partisan information or voter education campaigns to inform voters about the issue being addressed in a recall?
DD109 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a referendum?
DD11 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for agenda initiatives at the national level?
Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
DD110 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for an initiative?
DD111 What activities, if any, are undertaken as part of non-partisan information or voter education campaigns for a recall?
DD112 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a referendum?
DD113 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in an initiative?
DD114 Which of the following controls, if any, apply in relation to campaigning for or against the issue being addressed in a recall?
DD115 What is the period during which these controls apply for a referendum?
DD116 What is the period during which these controls apply for an initiative?
DD117 What is the period during which these controls apply for a recall?
DD118 Which campaigners, if any, are entitled to some forms of public assistance for a referendum? Specify in the “Comments” section below.
DD12 What is the legal basis for the administrative requirements for recalls at the national level? Tick as appropriate and specify the relevant constitutional, legal or regulatory provisions below.
DD121 Which forms of public assistance, if any, are provided for a referendum?
Specify in the “Comments” section below.
DD125 Is the government permitted to campaign either in favour of or against any specific outcome to a referendum, initiatives or recall vote?
DD126 What restrictions or controls, if any, are there on media coverage of the campaign and/or issue during the relevant period?
DD127 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign for a recall?
DD13 When were direct democracy mechanisms first introduced into the legal framework at the national level?
Date (yyyy)
b. Optional referendum 1.7.1987
DD14 When was an administrative framework for direct democracy mechanisms first introduced at the national level? Date (yyyy)
b. Optional referendum 1.7.1987
DD15 Who is responsible for managing the administration of direct democracy mechanisms at the national level?
DD16 Does this agency/department also manage the administration of national elections?
DD17 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
DD18 Are optional referendums currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
DD19 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
DD20 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
DD21 Are recalls currently possible at first tier (regions/states/provinces, etc) authority level?
DD22 Are mandatory referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
DD23 Are optional referendums currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
DD24 Are citizens' initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
DD25 Are agenda initiatives currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
DD26 Are recalls currently possible at local (municipalities/districts/communes, etc) authority level?
DD27 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are mandatory at the national level?
DD28 What are the issues, if any, in relation to which referendums are optional at the national level?
DD29 Which issues, if any, are excluded from being the subject of referendums at the national level?
DD30 Which issues, if any, maybe the subject of sub-national referendums regulated at the national level?
DD31 Who can initiate a referendum at the national level?
DD32 Who is responsible for drafting the mandatory referendum question?
DD33 Who is responsible for drafting the optional referendum question?
DD34 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the mandatory referendum question?
DD35 Which of the following, if any, are required to be included in the optional referendum question?
DD36 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for mandatory referendums?
DD37 Which institution(s) decides on the final form of the ballot text for optional referendums?
DD38 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a mandatory referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
d. Not applicable (X)
DD39 What, if any, are the quorum requirements for a optional referendum to be valid? Please specify numbers/percentages.
c. No quorom required (X)
DD40 What are the requirements for mandatory referendums to pass?
DD41 What are the requirements for optional referendums to pass?
DD43 When is the outcome of a mandatory referendum binding?
DD44 When is the outcome of an optional referendum binding?
DD45 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the citizens' initiative process at the national level?
DD46 Which types of issues can be proposed by citizens using the agenda initiative process at the national level?
DD49 Who may propose the registration of a citizens' initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
DD50 Who may propose the registration of an agenda initiative?
Please specify in the “Comments” section below.
DD51 What material is necessary to accompany an application for registration?
DD52 Who determines the title of a citizens' initiative?
DD53 Who determines the title of an agenda initiative?
DD56 Under what circumstances is an initiative checked for constitutionality or legality?
DD58 If a check of the constitutionality or legality of an initiative takes place, when does this happen?
DD59 Which institutions, if any, are given an opportunity to propose an alternative to proposals contained in a citizens’ initiative?
DD60 At which stage in the initiative process, if at all, can alternative proposals be made?
DD61 What happens when there is a valid alternative proposal?
DD62 When an initiative proposal and an alternative proposal are put to the vote on the same day, what choices does the voter have?
DD63 Who decides the final ballot text?
DD64 Once an initiative is qualified for the ballot, the vote on it takes place:
DD65 Which of the following individuals/positions may be subject to the recall mechanism?
DD72 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for an abrogative referendum (optional)?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
DD74 How many verified signatures are required to start the formal decision-making stage for a citizens' initiative?
Indicate figures in the appropriate boxes. If more than one answer exists for any individual box, explain in the comment section.
b. Proportion of the electorate (X)
DD82 What restrictions, if any, apply in relation to the individuals who can sign the proposal for a citizens' initiative?
DD89 Where can proposals for a citizens' initiative be signed?
Electoral Management
EM01 Please provide the following contact information for the national electoral management body:
a. Name of Institution Ministry of Justice, Election unit
EM02 Does this national electoral body have the responsibility for elections at:
EM03 The national electoral management body reports to:
EM04 The budget of the national electoral management body is determined by:
EM05 The expenditures of the national electoral management body are controlled by:
EM06 The term of the members of the national electoral management body is:
EM08 According to official sources, what was the estimated overall cost (in US dollars if available) of the most recent national elections?
a. estimated total: 15654755 USD
EM09 What was the total number of registered voters or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters?
a. Total number: 4
EM10 What was the spending (in USD) per registered voter (NOT actual voters) or, where there was no voter roll, the estimated number of eligible voters at the last general elections?
a. USD/registered voter 3.8 USD Electoral Systems
ES01 How is the Head of State selected?
ES02 How is the Head of Government selected?
ES03 Does the country have a president?
ES04 The national legislature consists of (one/two chambers):
ES05 What is the electoral system for Chamber 1 of the national legislature?
ES06 What is the electoral system for Chamber 2 of the national legislature?
ES07 If List PR is used, is a highest average formula used?
ES08 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 1?
ES09 What is the level at which seats are distributed in Chamber 2?
ES10 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 1 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
ES11 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 1, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved for:
d. Other- proportion of total seats (%) X
ES12 Are special constituencies or seats reserved in Chamber 2 for specific groups, such as minorities, specific nationality or other groups?
ES13 If special constituencies or seats are reserved in Chamber 2, specify which interest groups, and the proportion of total seats reserved:
e. Not applicable N/A
ES14 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 1?
ES15 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a party to win seats in Chamber 2?
ES16 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 1?
ES17 What is the legally imposed minimum threshold of votes required by a candidate (independent/party) to win a seat in Chamber 2?
ES18 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 1, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
ES19 Regarding the timing of the elections for Chamber 2, which of the following is true? Elections take place:
Legislative Framework
LF01 What is the status of the electoral law governing national elections?
LF02 What is the date of the latest version of the national electoral law (including latest amendments)?
LF03 The national electoral law covers:
LF04 Is voting on the national level voluntary or compulsory?
LF05 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require regional and/ or local election (s) to be held on the same day as national elections?
LF06 Are there provisions in the law which permit or require presidential election (s) to be held on the same day as national legislative elections?
LF07 What are the agency(ies) responsible for first level of formal electoral disputes?
LF08 If the agency(ies) which settles formal disputes is/are specially appointed/elected; by whom?
LF09 Who has the right to submit cases to the person or agency(ies)which settles formal disputes?
Media and Elections
ME01 Please provide information about the person completing the questionnaire.
a. Name and Title: Mrs. Anu Laaksonen
ME37 What are the criteria for allocating free broadcast time and/or free printed advertisement space to political parties?
ME38 What, if any, is the maximum amount that a political party is permitted to spend on paid advertising during a campaign period?
Parties and Candidates
PC01 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?
PC02 What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?
PC03 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
PC04 What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
PC05 What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?
PC06 What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?
PC07 What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?
PC08 Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?
PC09 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?
PC10 If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?
PC11 If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?
PC12 Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?
PC13 If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?
PC14 If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:
PC15 What is the basis of the public funding?
PC16 If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?
PC17 Are political parties entitled to private funding?
PC18 If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?
PC19 Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?
PC20 Which of the following candidate financing provisions are applicable?
Vote Counting
VC01 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?
VC02 What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?
VC03 What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?
VC04 Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?
VC05 What procedures are used in the initial count?
VC06 Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?
VC07 At what levels are seats allocated?
VC08 How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?
VC10 If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?
VC11 Under what conditions are ballots recounted?
VC12 If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?
VC13 If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?
VC14 If recounted, who conducts the recount?
VC15 Are preliminary results announced?
VC16 If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?
a. hours: 3 Voter Education
VE01 Who conducts voter education and information campaigns at the national elections (informing where, when and how to register and vote)?
Voting Operations
VO01 Approximately what percentage (on the basis of cost) of election day supplies and equipment are obtained or produced within the country?
VO02 Is there a code of conduct for election officials?
VO03 Where can electors vote?
VO04 Who can vote from outside the country?
VO05 If voting outside the country is permitted, at what places?
VO06 Can people vote in advance of the designated national election day(s)?
VO07 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), how may they do so?
VO08 If electors can vote in advance of the designated national election day(s), specify who:
VO09 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
VO10 Is there a maximum allowable voter capacity of a polling station for the national elections?
b. No N/A Voter Registration
VR01 What is the legal voting age in the national elections?
VR02 Beyond age, what other qualifications exist for registering to vote and voting in the national elections?
VR03 What restrictions on registering to vote and voting exist in the country?
VR04 Which is the authority responsible for the registration of voters for national elections?
VR05 What is the registration method for national elections?
VR06 How frequently is the voters register updated?
VR07 What methods are used to compile and update the voters register?
May 20, 2008 08:19 AM
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