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Parties and Candidates

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PC01. What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?

PC02. What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?

PC03. What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?

PC04. What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?

PC05. What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?

PC06. What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?

PC07. What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?

PC08. Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?

PC09. If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?

PC10. If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?

PC11. If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?

PC12. Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?

PC13. If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?

PC14. If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:

PC15. What is the basis of the public funding?

PC16. If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?

PC17. Are political parties entitled to private funding?

PC18. If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?

PC19. Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?

PC20. Which of the following candidate financing provisions are applicable?

PC21. Who is responsible for administering and enforcing party income/funding regulations at national level?

PC01

What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 1)?

a. Signature requirement (specify requirement)	80 countries (41%): Algeria, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Central African Republic, Chile, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guam, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Italy, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Palau, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sudan, Suriname, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Uzbekistan, Zanzibar,
b. Deposit requirement (specify amount)	64 countries (33%): Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Egypt, Estonia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guam, Guinea, Haiti, India, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Republic of, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
c. Regional distribution requirement	22 countries (11%): Cameroon, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gambia, Honduras, Indonesia, Lebanon, Mexico, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Romania, Sierra Leone, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Zanzibar,
d. No registration required	14 countries (7%): Bahamas, Benin, Cyprus, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Ireland, Martinique, Mauritania, Pakistan, Réunion, Sweden, Yemen,
e. Minimum number of candidates	19 countries (9%): Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Congo (Brazzaville), Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Georgia, Japan, Kenya, Lesotho, Lithuania, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Turkey, Uzbekistan,
f. Other	67 countries (35%): Albania, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Colombia, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lesotho, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, San Marino, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zambia,
g. Not applicable	26 countries (13%): American Samoa, Bahrain, Belarus, Belize, Botswana, Dominica, Eritrea, French Polynesia, Grenada, Guyana, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Kuwait, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Niue, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Wallis and Futuna, Zimbabwe,

PC02

What are the registration requirements for political parties running for national elections (Chamber 2)?

a. Signature requirement (specify requirement)	17 countries (9%): Algeria, Andorra, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Italy, Liberia, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Uzbekistan,
b. Deposit requirement (specify amount)	10 countries (5%): Bermuda, Cambodia, Congo (Brazzaville), Egypt, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gabon, Haiti, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria,
c. Regional distribution requirement	11 countries (5%): Burundi, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), India, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Romania, Rwanda, Uzbekistan,
d. No registration required	9 countries (4%): Czech Republic, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mauritania, Nepal, Pakistan, Réunion,
e. Minimum number of candidates	7 countries (3%): Burundi, Cambodia, Congo (Brazzaville), Ethiopia, Japan, Philippines, Tajikistan,
f. Other	18 countries (9%): Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, Egypt, India, Japan, Morocco, Netherlands, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay,
g. Not applicable	140 countries (75%): Albania, American Samoa, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of, Korea, Republic of, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,

PC03

What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 1)?

a. Age	188 countries (95%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, British, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
b. Citizenship	192 countries (97%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, British, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
c. Country of birth	19 countries (9%): Andorra, Anguilla, Argentina, Brazil, Cape Verde, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Thailand, Togo,
d. Residence	79 countries (40%): American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gambia, Georgia, Grenada, Guam, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Nicaragua, Niue, Norway, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Romania, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, United States of America, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, British, Zimbabwe,
e. Citizenship of parents	5 countries (2%): Egypt, El Salvador, Gambia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Tunisia,
f. Registration	87 countries (44%): Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Guam, Guatemala, Guyana, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Korea, Republic of, Lebanon, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
g. Nationality group	10 countries (5%): Benin, Congo (Brazzaville), Côte d'Ivoire, French Polynesia, Mauritania, New Caledonia, Niger, Senegal, United States of America, Wallis and Futuna,
h. Minimum level of education	15 countries (7%): Azerbaijan, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chile, Egypt, El Salvador, Gambia, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Turkey, Uganda,
i. Minimum level of literacy	23 countries (11%): Bahrain, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Saint Lucia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tanzania, United Republic of, Togo, Yemen, Zambia,
j. Other	73 countries (37%): Algeria, American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Bahrain, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, Colombia, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Gabon, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of, Kuwait, Lebanon, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Slovakia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uruguay, Virgin Islands, British, Yemen, Zanzibar,

PC04

What are the legal qualifications to become a candidate at legislative elections (Chamber 2)?

a. Age	74 countries (40%): Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lesotho, Madagascar, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Senegal, Slovenia, Spain, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zimbabwe,
b. Citizenship	73 countries (40%): Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Czech Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lesotho, Madagascar, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Réunion, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Senegal, Slovenia, Spain, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zimbabwe,
c. Country of birth	6 countries (3%): Andorra, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Haiti, Thailand,
d. Residence	33 countries (18%): American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Chile, Congo (Brazzaville), Dominican Republic, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Grenada, Haiti, India, Kazakhstan, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mexico, Namibia, Palau, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Slovenia, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Zimbabwe,
e. Citizenship of parents	1 countries (0%): Egypt,
f. Registration	29 countries (15%): Andorra, Bahrain, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Chile, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Czech Republic, Egypt, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Italy, Lesotho, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palau, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, Saint Helena, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Zimbabwe,
g. Nationality group	6 countries (3%): Congo (Brazzaville), French Polynesia, Mauritania, New Caledonia, Senegal, Wallis and Futuna,
h. Minimum level of education	6 countries (3%): Brazil, Burundi, Chile, Egypt, Nigeria, Thailand,
i. Minimum level of literacy	7 countries (3%): Bahrain, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Lesotho, Saint Lucia,
j. Other	19 countries (10%): Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Cambodia, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Grenada, Haiti, Jordan, Lesotho, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Swaziland,
k. Not applicable	108 countries (59%): Albania, Angola, Anguilla, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zambia, Zanzibar,

PC05

What are the legal qualifications for becoming a candidate at presidential elections?

a. Age	65 countries (61%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Egypt, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen,
b. Citizenship	69 countries (65%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Zanzibar,
c. Country of birth	13 countries (12%): American Samoa, Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Finland, Georgia, Guyana, Sao Tome and Principe, Turkmenistan, United States of America, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
d. Residence	31 countries (29%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Belarus, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, India, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Micronesia, Federated States of, Palestine, Romania, Russian Federation, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America,
e. Citizenship of parents	9 countries (8%): Argentina, Cameroon, Egypt, Guyana, Maldives, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Yemen,
f. Registration	30 countries (28%): Armenia, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
g. Nationality group	4 countries (3%): Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Niger, Tunisia,
h. Minimum level of education	6 countries (5%): Brazil, Gambia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Turkey,
i. Minimum level of literacy	2 countries (1%): Brazil, Turkmenistan,
j. Other	31 countries (29%): Algeria, American Samoa, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Djibouti, Egypt, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Paraguay, Portugal, Réunion, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen, Zanzibar,
k. Not applicable	33 countries (31%): Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Dominica, Germany, Grenada, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Spain, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,

PC06

What can disqualify a candidate at legislative elections?

a. Current criminal incarceration	67 countries (63%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, India, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
b. Detention	21 countries (20%): Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, French Polynesia, Guyana, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Niger, Palestine, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
c. Criminal record	34 countries (32%): Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Equatorial Guinea, French Polynesia, Gambia, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Maldives, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tonga, Turkey, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
d. Naturalization	7 countries (6%): American Samoa, Guyana, Morocco, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Venezuela,
e. Offences against electoral law	33 countries (31%): Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, India, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Martinique, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
f. Holding of military office	47 countries (44%): Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cape Verde, Colombia, Croatia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Finland, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, India, Iraq, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Martinique, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Romania, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
g. Holding of government office	55 countries (52%): Albania, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Iceland, India, Korea, Republic of, Martinique, Monaco, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Romania, Réunion, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen,
h. Bankruptcy or Insolvency	23 countries (21%): Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Cameroon, Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Guyana, India, Ireland, Nepal, Nigeria, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu,
i. Unpaid debt	5 countries (4%): Algeria, Guyana, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Tonga,
j. Physical health problems	4 countries (3%): Argentina, Guyana, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
k. Mental health problems	65 countries (61%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Ecuador, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, India, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay,
l. Multiple Citizenship	14 countries (13%): Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Chile, Equatorial Guinea, Guyana, Lithuania, Maldives, Monaco, Sao Tome and Principe, Tuvalu,
m. Citizenship of parents	4 countries (3%): Bahamas, Bulgaria, Sierra Leone, Tunisia,
n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)	44 countries (41%): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Canada, Croatia, Ecuador, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Guadeloupe, Ireland, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Lithuania, Martinique, Monaco, Morocco, Nepal, Niger, Palestine, Paraguay, Romania, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Yemen,
o. Other	38 countries (36%): Albania, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Iraq, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Monaco, Morocco, Pakistan, Paraguay, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zanzibar,

PC07

What can disqualify a candidate at presidential elections?

a. Current criminal incarceration	45 countries (46%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, India, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Niger, Palestine, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
b. Detention	16 countries (16%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Belarus, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, French Polynesia, Guyana, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Somalia, Ukraine, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
c. Criminal record	27 countries (27%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Czech Republic, French Polynesia, Gambia, Guyana, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Maldives, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Turkey, Ukraine, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
d. Naturalization	11 countries (11%): Benin, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Finland, Guyana, Niger, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
e. Offences against electoral law	22 countries (22%): Argentina, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, India, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Martinique, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Ukraine,
f. Holding of military office	22 countries (22%): Albania, Argentina, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Colombia, Ecuador, Gambia, Guyana, India, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Palestine, Paraguay, Romania, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Turkey,
g. Holding of government office	26 countries (26%): Albania, American Samoa, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Colombia, Ecuador, Gambia, Guyana, Iceland, India, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Romania, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
h. Bankruptcy or insolvency	8 countries (8%): Argentina, Gambia, Guyana, India, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Turkey,
i. Unpaid debt	2 countries (2%): Algeria, Guyana,
j. Physical health problems	6 countries (6%): Argentina, Bangladesh, Benin, Cameroon, Guyana, Somalia,
k. Mental health problems	39 countries (40%): Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Ecuador, Gambia, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, India, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Micronesia, Federated States of, Niger, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay,
l. Multiple Citizenship	10 countries (10%): Algeria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Chile, Guyana, Lithuania, Maldives, Sao Tome and Principe, Tunisia,
m. Citizenship of parents	6 countries (6%): Bulgaria, Cameroon, Niger, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Yemen,
n. Holding of other public offices (police etc.)	16 countries (16%): Albania, Argentina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cameroon, Ecuador, Gambia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Palestine, Paraguay, Romania, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Turkey, Vanuatu,
o. Not applicable	32 countries (32%): Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Canada, Denmark, Dominica, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
p. Other	22 countries (22%): Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Fiji, Ghana, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Paraguay, Romania, Seychelles, Tunisia, Turkey, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zanzibar,

PC08

Can independent candidates compete in presidential or legislative elections?

a. Neither in presidential nor legislative elections	21 countries (11%): Argentina, Aruba, Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Indonesia, Israel, Kenya, Latvia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palau, Peru, Somalia, South Africa, Suriname, Sweden, Uruguay,
b. In presidential elections	29 countries (15%): Angola, Austria, Benin, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Congo (Brazzaville), Djibouti, Estonia, French Polynesia, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, Portugal, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Togo, Turkmenistan, Wallis and Futuna,
c. In legislative elections (Chamber 1)	66 countries (34%): American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chile, Congo (Brazzaville), Cook Islands, Cuba, Denmark, Dominica, Estonia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gabon, Germany, Grenada, Guam, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Monaco, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Wallis and Futuna, Zambia, Zanzibar,
d. In legislative elections (Chamber 2)	19 countries (10%): Australia, Belgium, Bermuda, Chile, Congo (Brazzaville), French Polynesia, Gabon, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Slovenia, Spain, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Wallis and Futuna,
e. In both presidential and legislative elections	82 countries (43%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Finland, France, French Guiana, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Ireland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Martinique, Mauritania, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Mongolia, Niger, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Réunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Sudan, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen, Zimbabwe,
f. Not applicable	6 countries (3%): Andorra, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Norway, Saint Helena, Tanzania, United Republic of,

PC09

If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 1), what are the registration requirements?

a. Signature requirement (specify)	58 countries (58%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Denmark, Ecuador, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, India, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Niue, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen, Zanzibar,
b. Deposit requirement (specify)	43 countries (43%): Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Dominica, Egypt, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana, India, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Lithuania, Maldives, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Niue, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen, Zanzibar,
c. No registration requirement	8 countries (8%): American Samoa, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nepal, Pakistan, Réunion,
d. Other	17 countries (17%): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, India, Liberia, Morocco, Paraguay, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela,
e. Not applicable	20 countries (20%): Argentina, Austria, Benin, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Djibouti, French Polynesia, Guyana, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Norway, Portugal, Somalia, Sweden, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna,

PC10

If independent candidates can compete in legislative elections (Chamber 2), what are the registration requirements?

a. Signature requirement (specify)	16 countries (15%): Algeria, American Samoa, Australia, Belgium, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, India, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Morocco, Netherlands, Paraguay, Romania, Spain,
b. Deposit requirement (specify)	7 countries (6%): American Samoa, Australia, Czech Republic, Egypt, India, Japan, Morocco,
c. No registration requirement	8 countries (7%): France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nepal, Pakistan, Réunion, Slovenia,
d. Other	8 countries (7%): Belarus, Colombia, Egypt, Liberia, Morocco, Paraguay, Spain, Switzerland,
e. Not applicable	75 countries (73%): Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Croatia, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Finland, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Korea, Republic of, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Monaco, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zanzibar,

PC11

If independent candidates can compete in presidential elections, what are the registration requirements?

a. Signature requirement (specify)	41 countries (41%): Algeria, American Samoa, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Korea, Republic of, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, New Caledonia, Niger, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sao Tome and Principe, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Ukraine, Wallis and Futuna,
b. Deposit requirement (specify)	18 countries (18%): American Samoa, Armenia, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Gambia, Ghana, India, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Niger, Palestine, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, Zambia,
c. No registration requirement	7 countries (7%): France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Pakistan, Réunion, Slovenia,
d. Other	17 countries (17%): Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, Czech Republic, Fiji, Finland, Ireland, Liberia, Maldives, Paraguay, Seychelles, Slovakia, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen,
e. Not Applicable	40 countries (40%): Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Germany, Guyana, Israel, Italy, Japan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Zanzibar,

PC12

Do political parties receive direct/indirect public funding?

a. No	46 countries (25%): American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Bermuda, Botswana, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Dominica, Fiji, Grenada, Guam, Hong Kong, Iraq, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Lebanon, Madagascar, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia,
b. Direct	106 countries (57%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Republic of, Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Republic of, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
c. Indirect	110 countries (60%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Finland, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Republic of, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niue, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
d. Other	5 countries (2%): Belize, Guinea-Bissau, Saint Helena, Switzerland, Togo,

PC13

If political parties receive direct/indirect public funding, when do they receive this?

a. As related to the election period only	18 countries (19%): Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Cape Verde, Croatia, Gambia, India, Morocco, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, Zanzibar,
b. Between elections	5 countries (5%): Benin, Ireland, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden,
c. As related to the election period and between elections	43 countries (46%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Romania, Réunion, Seychelles, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
d. Not Applicable	27 countries (29%): American Samoa, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Dominica, Fiji, Guyana, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tonga, Tuvalu,

PC14

If political parties receive indirect public funding, identify the type of funding:

a. Free media access	52 countries (53%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Croatia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Finland, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Hungary, India, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Seychelles, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
b. Tax credits	11 countries (11%): Argentina, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Hungary, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Paraguay, Turkey, Uruguay,
c. Free state transportation	4 countries (4%): Japan, Russian Federation, Timor-Leste, Tonga,
d. Other	15 countries (15%): Albania, Gambia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
e. Not Applicable	39 countries (39%): American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Colombia, Dominica, Egypt, Fiji, French Polynesia, Ghana, Guyana, Ireland, Maldives, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna,

PC15

What is the basis of the public funding?

a. Equal funding, regardless of size and previous performance	46 countries (25%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Croatia, Djibouti, Ecuador, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Mali, Mexico, Moldova, Republic of, Niue, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yemen,
b. Based on result of previous election	64 countries (34%): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Namibia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Réunion, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
c. Based on current legislative representation	41 countries (22%): Albania, Angola, Austria, Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Martinique, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, Tajikistan, Thailand, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
d. Based on number of candidates put forward in present election	16 countries (8%): Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Lesotho, Morocco, Mozambique, Portugal, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Tajikistan,
e. Other	26 countries (14%): Andorra, Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Germany, India, Israel, Korea, Republic of, Mali, Malta, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, United Republic of, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America,
f. Not applicable	54 countries (29%): American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Botswana, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Grenada, Guam, Hong Kong, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Zambia,

PC16

If political parties receive public funding, what is the specified purpose?

a. General party administration	22 countries (23%): Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Nigeria, Norway, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, Venezuela, Yemen,
b. Election campaign activities	37 countries (38%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Gambia, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niue, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Zanzibar,
c. Unspecified	28 countries (29%): Albania, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, New Caledonia, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Wallis and Futuna,
d. Other	9 countries (9%): Benin, Cameroon, Netherlands, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
e. Not Applicable	28 countries (29%): American Samoa, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Dominica, Fiji, Ghana, Guyana, India, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, Palestine, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tuvalu,

PC17

Are political parties entitled to private funding?

a. Yes

156 countries (84%): Albania, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Republic of, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,

b. No

28 countries (15%): Algeria, American Samoa, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Burundi, Central African Republic, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Jordan, Malaysia, Maldives, Micronesia, Federated States of, Mongolia, Morocco, Palau, Saint Helena, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Zimbabwe,

PC18

If political parties are entitled to private funding, for what period?

a. As related to the election period only	9 countries (9%): Brazil, Colombia, Italy, Niger, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Timor-Leste, Ukraine, Zanzibar,
b. Between elections	0 countries (0%):
c. As related to the election period and between elections	66 countries (69%): Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
d. Not Applicable	19 countries (20%): Algeria, American Samoa, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Iceland, Maldives, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Tuvalu,

PC19

Which of the following party financing provisions are applicable?

a. Public disclosure of party contributions received	44 countries (48%): Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
b. Public disclosure of party expenditure	35 countries (38%): Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Yemen,
c. Prohibition on party funding from foreign sources	40 countries (43%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Egypt, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Nepal, New Caledonia, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
d. Ceilings on how much money a party can raise	18 countries (19%): Argentina, Armenia, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, French Polynesia, Gambia, Germany, Italy, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Romania, Spain, Wallis and Futuna,
e. Ceilings on party election expenses	23 countries (25%): Argentina, Armenia, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, French Polynesia, Hungary, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Nepal, New Caledonia, Portugal, Russian Federation, Tonga, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Wallis and Futuna,
f. Electronic reporting of party expenses	3 countries (3%): Brazil, Canada, Yemen,
g. Electronic reporting of party contributions received	3 countries (3%): Brazil, Canada, Yemen,
h. Publication or public access to contribution and / or expenditure reports	33 countries (36%): Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
i. Other	11 countries (12%): Albania, Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Georgia, Paraguay, Romania, Seychelles, Venezuela,
j. Not applicable	28 countries (30%): Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Dominica, Fiji, Guyana, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Niger, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Uruguay, Zanzibar,

PC20

Which of the following candidate financing provisions are applicable?

a. Public disclosure of candidate contributions received	31 countries (34%): American Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Finland, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
b. Public disclosure of candidate expenditure	33 countries (36%): American Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Finland, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovenia, Tonga, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela,
c. Prohibition on candidate funding from foreign sources	31 countries (34%): Armenia, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Egypt, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Nepal, New Caledonia, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovenia, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Wallis and Futuna,
d. Ceilings on how much money a candidate can raise	17 countries (18%): Armenia, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, French Polynesia, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Maldives, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Spain, Wallis and Futuna,
e. Ceilings on candidate election expenses	34 countries (37%): Armenia, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Nepal, New Caledonia, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tonga, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Wallis and Futuna,
f. Electronic reporting of candidate expenses	2 countries (2%): Brazil, Canada,
g. Electronic reporting of candidate contributions received	2 countries (2%): Brazil, Canada,
h. Publication or public access to contribution and / or expenditure reports	20 countries (22%): Armenia, Australia, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Gambia, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
i. Other	9 countries (10%): Algeria, Belize, Brazil, Croatia, Georgia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Spain, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
j. Not applicable	37 countries (41%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Djibouti, Dominica, Fiji, Germany, Ghana, Guyana, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uruguay, Yemen,

PC21

Who is responsible for administering and enforcing party income/funding regulations at national level?

a. National Electoral Management body	26 countries (27%): Algeria, Armenia, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Finland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Maldives, Nepal, Nigeria, Paraguay, Portugal, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela,
b. Regulated body specially created for this purpose	18 countries (18%): American Samoa, Bahrain, Belgium, Cameroon, Canada, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Ireland, Italy, Martinique, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Sweden, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
c. Government department	22 countries (22%): Albania, Argentina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, India, Japan, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Timor-Leste,
d. Other	14 countries (14%): Argentina, Benin, Bulgaria, Croatia, Gambia, Ghana, Japan, Paraguay, Seychelles, Spain, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, Zanzibar,
e. Not applicable	23 countries (23%): Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Dominica, Fiji, Guyana, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Niger, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Tuvalu,

May 20, 2008 02:05 AM

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