الأخبـــــار

Municipal elections heat up, Al-Ahram (2008)

 

Ahead of polls, Egypt Islamists warn of violence, Egypt News (2008)

 

El Baradei sets conditions for Egypt presidency run, Reuters (2009)

Mohamed El Baradei announced that he will become an opposition presidential candidate for the 2011 elections only if there are guarantees for a fair election. He also included specific conditions such as a new constitution that would respect human rights and put clear constraints on power. Some voices in Egyptian opposition hope that ElBaradei's candidacy could block President Mubarak's pass of power to his son.

Mubarak: Egypt presidential elections will be freer in 2011, Haaretz (2010)

Egyptian President Mubarak, who has ruled almost unchallenged for 29 years, has recently said in an interview that the presidential elections will be open to "anyone who can bring benefit to Egypt," and announced that he wants elections to be "free and fair". Despite the commitments to freer elections, it is widely believed that the President is preparing a ground for his son to succeed him.

Egyptian police arrest top Muslim Brotherhood figures, VOA News (2010)

About a month after the banned Muslim Brotherhood has elected new party leadership, the police has arrested about 12 senior leaders. Some analysts say that this action is just part of the preparation for the parliamentary elections, during which the government cracks down on the Muslim Brotherhood. Muslim Brotherhood attorney called government actions "provocative and unjustified".

Mohammed ElBaradei faces challenges on return to Egypt, BBC (2010)

The former chief of IAEA, Mohammed ElBaradei, Has arrived to Cairo, welcomed by his supporters calling him to run in presidential elections due next year. Current constitutional rules effectively bar him from standing in a presidential race.

Egypt's Opposition Gives ElBaradei a Hero's Welcome, The Wall Street Journal (2010)

This article is on the welcoming of Mohamed ElBaradei amid speculation that the former International Atomic Energy Agency chief will challenge Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in elections next year, despite the obstacles in getting on the Ballot.

Egypt's government to restrict NGO vote monitoring, The Washington Post (2010)

36 NGO groups protested a proposed draft legislation which is allegedly seeking to restrict the work of NGOs, preventing them from monitoring the upcoming 2010 parliamentary elections as well as the 2011 presidential elections. At the same time, 100 opposition lawmakers introduced a different bill aimed at free and transparent elections, which however has a minimal chance of succeeding since the Parliament is under the control of the ruling party.

Egypt's Islamists to stand for elections despite arrests, Gulf News (2010)

The Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt’s banned-but-largest opposition force, has said it will run in the mid-term elections of the upper house of the parliament next June despite a series of detentions.

Egypt Opposition Figure Urges Election Boycott, CBS News (2010)

An emerging opposition leader in Egypt and former head of the U.N.'s nuclear watchdog agency has called for a boycott of the upcoming elections, an Egyptian activist said Monday.

Egypt: Mubarak pledges fair elections, Aljazeera (2010)

Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian president, has pledged a fair election next year, amid increasing calls from opposition presidential candidates.

(Egyptian President Returns to Cairo, and to Public Eye, New York Times (2010

President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, facing spreading rumors of his failing health, stood to give a half-hour speech on Thursday, belatedly marking Labor Day as well as his return to the Egyptian capital after a two-month absence. Parliamentary elections are due to be held this fall, followed by the presidential elections next year.

Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood prepares for vote, Reuters (2010)

The Brotherhood, which is officially banned but has affiliated candidates in parliament, said the government had approved 12 of the 14 candidates it put forward to run for seats in Egypt's Shura Council, the upper house of parliament.

Egyptian opposition says members besieged, RFI (2010)

The opposition party in Egypt has complained about corruption ahead of Tuesday's elections for the upper house of parliament. The elections are often considered to be a forecaster of the lower house elections.

Egyptian elections test new system , RFI (2010)

This Tuesday's Shura Council election in Egypt will be the first test of a new electoral system in the country. The elections are often seen as a preview for the presidential elections.

Egypt poll monitoring blocked, News 24 (2010)

This article discusses complaints from some human rights groups that they were denied the opportunity to monitor Tuesday's parliamentary elections. The High Committee for elections said that they gave ample time for organizations to apply for a permit to monitor the vote.

Egyptians vote, opposition says supporters blocked, Reuters (2010)

Voters and monitors have reported the people have been blocked from voting in the election for the upper house of parliament. Some observers have also said that they were prevented from monitoring.

Egypt's Brotherhood loses vote bid, Reuters (2010)

The Muslim Brohterhood, the main opposition party, has backed a bid for political reform following the result of this week's Shura Council elections. The Brotherhood did not win any seats in the election which was swept almost entirely by the ruling party.

EGYPT: NDP dominates midterm elections, Muslim Brotherhood comes out empty-handed, Los Angeles Times (2010)

This article discusses reported incidents of intimidation during the Shura Council elections in Egypt.

Egypt: Upper house elections, Monday Morning (2010)

This article discusses the structure of the Shura or upper house of parliament and accusations from the opposition of irregularities in the Shura elections.

Egypt: ElBaradei seeks common goals, MB says, UPI (2010)

This article discusses the result of the recent Shura council or upper house elections in Egypt and the Muslim Brotherhood's support of Mohammed ElBaradei, the former head of the International Atomic Energy Agency's, call for electoral reform.

Egypt: 2nd round of Shura vote sees low turnout, fraud charges, Al-Masry Al-Mayoun (2010)

This article discusses the second round of Shura council elections in Egypt, which had low voter turnout in many races. The vote took place with few disputes and disruptions.

Opposition, independents win 8 Egypt upper house seats, Reuters Africa (2010)

This article discusses the final election results from the Egyptian Shura Council, or upper house elections. There have been accusations of fraud and irregularities in the polls as one of the major opposition parties did not gain any seats.

Muslim Brotherhood walks a tightrope in Egypt, Daily Nation (2010)

This article discusses the complex role of the officially banned Muslim Brotherhood party in the upcoming elections in Egypt. They have joined calls for reform following the Shura Council elections where they claim fraud and intimidation prevented them from winning any seats.

Egypt:ElBaradei meets with left-wing opposition leaders, Al-Masry Al-Youm (2010)

This article discusses Mohamed ElBaradei's possible presidential run in the upcoming elections. ElBardei, who has called for reforms of electoral system to eliminate corruption, met with left-wing leaders in Egypt.

Support for Egypt's Opposition Parties Wanes, The Wall Street Journal (2010)

This article discusses public dissatisfaction with politicians and the challenges faced by opposition parties in Egypt.

Egypt:Opposition to take unified stance on elections, Al-Masry Al-Youm (2010)

Opposition parties have agreed to make a unified decision on participation in the upcoming elections following allegations of fraud in last month's Shura Council elections.

Egypt: ElBaradei plans protest for torture victims, calls for election boycott , Al-Masry Al-Youm (2010)

Mohamed ElBaradei, former chief of International Atomic Energy Agency, who has called for reforms to the electoral system, has encouraged politcal parties to boycott the upcoming elections.

Egypt:44 appointees to Shura Council, including 8 Copts, Al-Masry Al-Youm (2010)

This article discusses President Hosni Mubarak appointees to the Shura Council. The president appoints one third of the council, the integrity of the council elections in early June was questioned

Egypt:Harb: Participation in parliament races splits opposition

Chairman of the Democratic Front Party, Osama el-Ghazali Harb, has warned that divisions in the opposition may arise if the Wafd, Tagammu and Nasserist parties choose to participate in upcoming elections. Harb is calling for a boycott of the elections to protest the ruling National Democratic Party, other opposition parties have said that this would not be productive.

Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood claim 21,000 signatures for reform petition, The National (2010)

The Muslim Brotherhood claimed gathering more than 21000 signatures in a campaign for the reform demands of ElBaradei.

Egypt's ruling party to nominate presidency candidate in mid-2011, People's Daily (2010)

A senior official of Egypt's ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) said the party's candidate for presidential elections will be nominated in mid 2011.

US attorney general calls for free, fair Egypt vote, Reuters (2010)

U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said on 28 July, Egypt should be able to conduct fair elections and he called for a full investigation into the death in police custody of an anti-corruption activist.

Egypt: Cyber war among possible presidential candidates, Los Angeles Times (2010)

The political cyber war in Egypt is intensifying after hacking the Facebook page of Gamal Mubarak, the son of President Hosni Mubarak and a possible presidential contender in 2011.

Egypt's ruling party to announce electoral platform in November, China Daily (2010)

Egypt's ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) declared on Wednesday 18 Aug that the party's electoral platform for the upcoming parliamentary elections will be announced in November, state-run MENA news agency reported.

'Mystery campaign' backs Egypt president's son, BBC (2010)

a campaign has sprung up to nominate the president's son, Gamal Mubarak, to run for the highest office. Posters of Gamal alongside his father have been spotted in poor neighbourhoods. Several online campaigns seek to gather millions of signatures calling on him to stand.

Egypt: Of course I don't want to be president, The Economist (2010)

An article form the Economist on the candidacy of Jamal Mubarak, the son of the current President for the coming presidential elections.

Egypt activist riles opposition in signing petition, Reuters (2010)

Pro-democracy activist Saadeddin Ibrahim has signed a petition supporting the political ambitions of the Egyptian president's son, riling the opposition who say the move undermines their call for political change.

Posters promote Egypt intelligence chief for president, BBC (2010)

This article is on posters promoting Egypt's intelligence chief as a possible future president have appeared on the streets of Cairo.

Mohammed ElBaradei urges Egypt election boycott, BBC (2010)

This article is on Mohammed ElBaradei, a leading opposition figure in Egypt who called for a boycott of November's parliamentary election, saying it is certain to be rigged by the government.

ُEgypt: The boycott blunder, Los Angeles Times (2010)

This article discusses the issue of boycotting the Egyptian election announced by Elbaradei, and gives examples from other countries' experiments.

Egypt says presidential vote will be transparent, Kuwait Times (2010)

This article mentions is on Egypt's premier who vowed that next year's presidential election will be transparent, and said that if the former head of the UN nuclear watchdog agency wants to run, he can either join a political party or form his own.

Egypt’s main leftist party will compete in upcoming parliamentary elections, Ikhwanweb (2010)

This news says that Egypt’s main leftist party, Al-Tagammu, announced in a meeting on 3 Oct, it will compete in the next People’s Assembly (PA) elections in November.

Dissident al-Dustour editor sacked ahead of Egypt poll, BBC (2010)

The news is about the editor of Egypt's independent al-Dustour newspaper, Ibrahim Eissa, who has been sacked by the paper's publisher. Mr Eissa said he was dismissed hours after being told not to run an article by leading opposition figure Mohamed ElBaradei.

Egyptian Parliament Speaker Warns of Election Boycott, Qatar News Agency (2010)

This news is about the announcement of speaker of the Egyptian People''s Assembly, Ahmad Fathi Sorour who told "Al Shorouk" newspaper that "The decision to boycotting November parliamentary elections announced by a number of Egyptian opposition's parties is a "political suicide".

Egypt tightens TV broadcast rules before election, Reuters (2010)

This article is on Satellite broadcast firms in Egypt. They said that Telecoms regulator has stopped them from offering live feeds to private TV channels, a move that government critics see as a crackdown on independent media before a November election.

President Hosni Mubarak sets Egypt election date, BBC (2010)

This news says that President Hosni Mubarak has set 28 November as the date for Egypt's parliamentary elections, a decree cited by the state-run Mena news agency says.

Crackdown on Egyptian media before poll, Irish Times (2010)

This article says that the government has been cracking down on the media , in the run-up to the poll; on mobile phones and on the Brotherhood. Egypt’s main satellite provider, Nilesat; has shut down 17 private television channels for violating broadcasting regulations.

EGYPT: Tensions, arrests and threats of boycott ahead of parliamentary elections, Los Angeles Times (2010)

This news is on the rising tension between the government and Egypt's two biggest opposition groups which has resulted in the Muslim Brotherhood condemning the arrest of about 50 of its members and Al Wafd party's announcement that it might boycott next month's parliamentary elections.

Egypt elections: Hosni Mubarak awaits his managed landslide, The Guardian (2010)

This article is showing that Egypt's ruling party is facing little competition but it wants the opposition to gain some seats for the sake of stability.

What The Post got wrong on Egyptian politics, Washington Post (2010)

This article is on the crackdown of media and on Egypt's upcoming elections that will be monitored by the High Elections Commission, led by independent judges, none of whom are appointed by the president. Ballot casting and counting are observed by candidate representatives, Egyptian civil society and the media.

Protests as Egypt candidates barred, Aljazeera (2010)

This news says that at least 57 Muslim Brotherhood candidates who attempted to register to run in Egypt's parliamentary election have been rebuffed by the government, the group said on Wednesday.

Will Egypt Elections Move the Arab World?, VOA News (2010)

This news article says that as Egypt gears up for its parliamentary elections this month and scheduled presidential elections next year, potential repercussions in the rest of the Arab world remain unclear. In Lebanon, some analysts say Egypt's image in the region could be improved by the upcoming elections.

Egypt: Brotherhood Enters Elections in a Weakened State, Carnegie Endowment (2010)

This news article focuses on the state of Muslim Brotherhood, which appears conflicted and troubled compared to its state before the 2005 parliamentary polls, as the November 28 elections approach.

Egypt Rebuffs U.S. Call for Foreign Monitors at Election, New York Times (2010)

This new article is on Egypt which said Thursday 18 Non, that it was dismayed by Washington’s call for foreign monitors to observe the country’s coming parliamentary elections, describing it as meddling in its internal affairs.

Christians in Egypt complain of poll snub, Gulf News (2010)

This news article shows that more than 7,000 candidates across Egypt are intensifying their campaigns for the legislative elections later this month, Christians in the country, who account for around 10 per cent of the 80 million population, are disappointed that political parties are fielding very few Coptic candidates.

Egypt’s Unobserved Elections, Carnegie Endowment (2010)

This article is on the refusal of the Egyptian Government to receive international observation groups to monitor the Parliamentary Elections which will take place on ٍٍٍٍٍٍٍSunday 28 Nov 2010.

Egypt's Ruling Party Tightens Grip as Mubarak Succession Nears, Bloomberg (2010)

This news article says that Egypt’s ruling party is poised to sweep the Nov. 28 parliamentary election, tightening its grip on power as it prepares for a 2011 presidential vote that may see the first change of leadership in three decades.

Egypt: Mubarak snubs U.S. call for election monitors, Washington Times (2010)

This news article says that the Egyptian government has publicly rejected U.S. demands, and President Obama's personal request for monitors to observe Sunday's parliamentary elections and for adherence to international standards of transparency and fairness.

Egyptian government cracks down on critics ahead of elections, Washington Post (2010)

This news article says that the Egyptians will elect a new parliament Sunday amid political turmoil and growing questions about the eventual successor of President Hosni Mubarak, and that, with a government crackdown on its main rival, the Muslim Brotherhood, there is little doubt that the ruling National Democratic Party will retain its grip on power.

Q&A: Egypt's parliamentary election, BBC (2010)

This article from the BBC give answers on questions on Egypt which will head to the polls on 28 November to elect members of the lower house of parliament - or People's Assembly - for the next five years. The poll is seen as a significant stage on the way to the 2011 presidential election. This will see the end of President Hosni Mubarak's fifth consecutive term in office since he took over after Anwar Sadat's assassination in 1981. The president is yet to confirm whether he will seek another term. According to constitutional changes introduced in 2007, presidential candidates must be nominated by parties with at least 3% of elected members of parliament.

Egypt security on alert ahead of tense election, France 24 (2010)

This news article is about Egyptian security forces which were on high alert Saturday, on the eve of a general election, after activists clashed with police at the end of a campaign marred by violence and a crackdown on the opposition.

Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood campaigns through clampdown, BBC (2010)

This news is about the head of the Muslim Brotherhood's parliamentary bloc, Saad al-Katatni, who says thugs assaulted him while he was out campaigning in his Minya constituency in Upper Egypt this week.

Election Concerns in Egypt Ahead of Sunday's Polling, VOA News (2010)

This news article is about voters in Egypt who are preparing to cast ballots Sunday 28 Nov in the country's first parliamentary elections since 2005, as complaints are made of election violations and harassment from opposition and rights groups.

Egypt set for key elections marred by clashes, BBC (2010)

This news article is about the Egyptians who are due to go to the polls in parliamentary elections, in a process which has already seen clashes between the opposition and security forces.

First Round of Voting Ousts Islamists From Egypt’s Parliament, New York Times (2010)

This news article says that as the results of Egypt’s parliamentary elections trickled in Tuesday, no one was surprised that the governing party of President Hosni Mubarak won a huge victory. Nor were they surprised that the candidates of the Muslim Brotherhood, Egypt’s only sizable opposition, took a beating.

Egypt: Opaque and Messy Elections, Carnegie Endowment (2010)

This article says that as results come in for Egypt’s People’s Assembly elections—surprise, a victory for the ruling National Democratic Party (NDP)—they are likely to enjoy little credibility either inside or outside the country due to the total lack of transparency and the widespread irregularities and violence that characterized the voting and counting processes.

Inside Story - Women in Egyptian parliament, Aljazeera (2010)

In this video, the Egyptian Women have achieved a high Quota system of 64 seats.

Egypt's ruling party wins most parliament seats, unofficial results show, Los Angeles Times (2010)

This news article is about elections marred by boycotts and accusations of widespread fraud, Egypt's ruling party strengthened its hold on power by winning all but a few seats in the parliament, according to unofficial results announced Tuesday.

Egypt's ruling party heads to sweeping vote win, Reuters (2010)

This news article says President Hosni Mubarak's ruling was cruising to a sweeping victory after the first round in a parliamentary election while Egypt's opposition parties won just a handful of seats, state media said on Wednesday. The Muslim Brotherhood, which controlled a fifth of seats in the outgoing parliament, had earlier said it won no seats in Sunday's vote but said 26 candidates were in December 5 run-offs.

Videos cast cloud over Egypt vote, BBC (2010)

This news article says Egypt's ruling party has claimed a crushing victory in last Sunday's parliamentary election. But as the BBC's Jon Leyne in Cairo reports, video footage taken on mobile phones appears to show a deeply flawed voting process.

Muslim Brotherhood withdraws from Egyptian elections, The Telegraph (2010)

This news article is about the Muslim Brotherhood and a secular party which both withdrew on Wednesday 1 Dec, from Egypt's election after a crushing first-round defeat by the president's ruling party in a poll marred by alleged fraud and violence.

Egypt Rejects US Election Criticism, VOA News (2010)

In this news article, Egypt has rejected U.S. criticism of its handling of Sunday's parliamentary elections as unacceptable interference in the country's affairs. Foreign Ministry spokesman Hossam Zaki said Wednesday that U.S. statements contained misleading claims.

Egypt's ruling party crushes opposition in vote, Reuters (2010)

This news article says that President Hosni Mubarak's ruling party has swept to a predictable huge parliamentary win, state media reported on Monday, after an election boycotted by Islamists who were crushed in a vote they said was rigged.

Factbox: Egypt's series of elections, Reuters (2010)

This news article is on the Egyptian elections. Egyptians voted in the last round of a parliamentary election on Sunday, one of three national polls in the Arab world's most populous state this year and next.

Egypt: Official results : 16 opposition, 424 NDP, 65 "independents" , Alahram ONline (2010)

This news article gives the official results of the 2010 parliamentary elections which shows that the ruling National Democratic Party (NDP) clinched almost 86.4 percent of the 508 seat People's Assembly, with 424 MPs.

Egypt: Alexandria protests escalate as Mubarak supporters take to streets, The Guardian (2011)

In this news article; supporters of President Hosni Mubarak are staging a furious counter-demonstration in the Alexandria square that has been the scene of protests for nine days, sparking violent arguments and altercations between rival groups.

Violence in Egypt as foes, supporters of Hosni Mubarak clash, Los Angeles Times (2011)

In this news article; fighting erupts in Tahrir Square as anti-government demonstrators and supporters of President Hosni Mubarak throw rocks and brandish clubs. The clashes follow a call by the Egyptian military for protesters to go home.

Europe leaders call for faster transition in Egypt, New York Times (2011)

This news article is about the reacting to the announcement by President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt that, while he would not seek another term as president, he nonetheless intended to remain in office until the presidential election scheduled for September; European leaders called for a faster transition of power to stabilize the country. Here are excerpts of their statements, compiled from news agency reports.

Egypt rejects Western calls for quick political transition, VOA News (2011)

In this news article; the Egyptian foreign ministry has rejected calls from Western powers for an immediate start to a political transition in Egypt.

Egyptian opposition softens demand for Mubarak's immediate exit

This news article says the main Egyptian opposition groups eased up on their insistence that President Hosni Mubarak step down immediately, agreeing instead on Sunday to join in talks toward overhauling the country's political system at a more gradual pace while Mubarak remains in office.

Egypt Talks Damp Protest as Suleiman Offers Free Vote, Bloomberg (2011)

Vice President Omar Suleiman, who met with some opposition leaders , promised a draft list within a month of changes needed to hold free elections. Protesters remained on the streets of central Cairo, insisting that Mubarak step down before his term ends in September, though there was none of the violence that erupted last week.

Egypt: Warning against hasty exit for Mubarak, New York Times (2011)

This news article is about the US Secretary of State who warned on Sunday 6 February, that removing President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt too hastily could threaten the country’s transition to democracy.

Egypt: Mubarak resigns; hands power to Egyptian military, Washington Post (2011)

In this news article, President Hosni Mubarak resigned Friday 11 Feb, and handed power to the Egyptian military, setting off wild celebrations among protesters across the country who had demanded his ouster for the last 18 days.

Egypt army dissolves parliament, suspends constitution, Reuters (2011)

In this news article; Egypt's new military rulers said on Sunday 13 Feb, they would keep control of the country for six months or until parliamentary and presidential elections are held following constitutional amendments.

Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to be a political party, New York Times (2011)

This news article i about the Muslim Brotherhood, the outlawed Islamic group that has long constituted Egypt’s main political opposition, said Tuesday that it would apply to become an official political party as soon as the necessary changes were made to the Egyptian Constitution.

Egypt: Constitutional amendments before Armed Forces within hours, Ahram Online (2011)

This news article is about the proposed amendments to Egypt's Constitution which open up presidential elections, limit the leader to just two terms and make a referendum necessary for any extension to the state of emergency.

Egypt agrees dates for referendum, polls: activist, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that Egypt's military leaders will hold a referendum on constitutional change on March 19, a parliamentary election in June and a presidential poll six weeks later, a youth activist said on Monday after meeting them.

Egypt: Essam Sharaf appointed as new PM, Ahram Online (2011)

In this news article; Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq has submitted his resignation to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. The council has accepted the resignation, and almost immediately announced the appointment of a successor, former transport minister, Essam Sharaf.

Egypt: Leaders to swear in candidates for new Cabinet, Bloomberg (2011)

In this news article; Egyptian leaders agreed on candidates for a new Cabinet that is due to be sworn in today Monday 7 March, to help manage a transition to democracy after an uprising ousted President Hosni Mubarak last month.

Egypt: ElBaradei to Run for Presidency, New York Times (2011)

In this news article ; Mohamed ElBaradei, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former chief of the United Nations nuclear agency, said Wednesday 9 March, that he intended to run for president, although he set conditions under which he would pursue the office vacated last month by Egypt’s longtime leader, Hosni Mubarak.

Egypt: Milestone Referendum in Just Days Away, New York Times (2011)

This news article is about the referendum over the constitutional amendments that will shape Egypt’s immediate political future is just days away, the country’s nascent political forces were squaring off on Sunday 14 March, scrambling to influence a choice that leaves many confused. The Muslim Brotherhood and rump elements of the disbanded governing National Democratic Party, which both stand to gain the most from a rapid rebirth of electoral politics, support the amendments.

Doha Debates goes to Egypt for first time, Gulf Times (2011)

The Doha Debates will ask the Egyptians to vote on whether their country is ready for free elections. In a session to be filmed today 14 March just yards away from Tahrir Square, the epicentre of the recent protests in Cairo, students and young professionals will debate the motion: "This House believes for the sake of democracy Egypt should postpone elections."

Egypt: First vote after Mubarak’s ouster may set pace of Democracy shift, Bloomberg (2011)

This news article talks about March 19 referendum on constitutional changes, drafted by a committee appointed by army leaders who have been running the country since Mubarak’s resignation last month, asks Egyptians to approve measures including term limits for presidents and fuller judicial oversight of voting. They are aimed at paving the way for the election of a new parliament and president, possibly within the next six months.

Egypt: Doha Debates participants push for delay in elections, Gulf News (2011)

This news article says Doha Debates motion "This House believes for the sake of democracy, Egypt should postpone elections", was endorsed by an overwhelming majority of 84.4 per cent in a special edition of the debates held in Cairo. The audience of the Qatar-based debates, mainly students and young professionals, said they will not be rushed into parliamentary and presidential elections in the coming months.

Egypt: Army urges participation in Referendum, Qatar News agency (2011)

This news article is about the call from Egypt''s Supreme Council of the Armed Forces urging ''honest'' Egyptians to participate in next Saturday''s referendum on constitutional amendments which have recently stirred heated controversy among political parties.

Egypt: Q&A on constitutional referendum , BBC (2011)

These are a set of Q&A from the BBC on Egyptians voting on Saturday in a referendum on changes to the constitution that would pave the way for new parliamentary and presidential elections within six months.

Egypt: Many Christians vote 'no', fearing Islamists, Reuters (2011)

In this news article; many Egyptian Christians say they voted on Saturday 19 March to reject proposed constitutional amendments in a referendum because they fear hasty elections to follow may open the door for Islamist groups to rise to power.

Egypt: Vote on historical referendum with high turnout, Xinhua News Agency (2011)

In this news article; the Egyptian people participated in the referendum on constitutional amendments with an unprecedented turnout on Saturday, showing their enthusiasm in joining the rebuilding of the country's future political system.

Egypt referendum strongly backs constitution changes, BBC News (2011)

The article discusses the constitutional referendum in Egypt, held on Sunday 20 March. 77 per cent of the voters backed constitutional changes which include for example limiting the number and length of presidential terms. Pro-democracy activists would have wanted the constitution to be entirely rewritten.

Egypt's military to issue constitutional decree, People's daily Online (2011)

In this news; Egypt's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces has decided to issue a constitutional decree for the coming transitional period, the official MENA news agency said Wednesday 23 March. The declaration will include the approved constitutional clauses, which will be used until the elections of a new parliament and a president, said the report.

Egypt Passes Parties Law, Sets Date for Parliament Elections, Bloomberg (2011)

The article describes the decision of the ruling military in Egypt to hold parliamentary elections in September. Also a new party law was adopted.

Egypt Ruling Council Issues Interim Constitution, Sees Election This Year, Bloomberg (2011)

The article discusses Egypt's new constitution passed by a referendum on 19 March. The ruling military announced the interim constitution with its 62 articles today. It also announced that presidential elections will be held in October or November 2011.

Egypt army committed to September polls, AFP (2011)

Egypt's military council has declared that, in spite of increasing calls to have the election delayed, the date of the country's first national election since the ouster of Hosni Mubarak will remain at the end of September.

Egypt hit by new wave of protests as military postpones election, Guardian (2011)

The article reports that "Egypt's first democratic parliamentary elections look set to be postponed until November, amid a growing standoff between the ruling military council and protesters who believe their revolution is being betrayed."

Egypt sets time frame for elections, Associated Press (2011)

The article reports that "Egypt’s military rulers commissioned a top judge yesterday to form an electoral commission, starting the process of organizing the country’s first elections after the popular uprising that ousted authoritarian leader Hosni Mubarak." This commission plans to begin fulfilling its mandate on September 18th 2011, with the vote estimated to take place roughly two months after this.

Egypt: Election fever hits as parties form coalitions to compete for first post-Mubarak parliament, Ahram ONline (2011)

This news article is about the two coalitions: The Democratic Coalition for Egypt and The Egyptian Bloc which have already seem to be experiencing internal difficulties.

Egypt: Parties want Mubarak allies barred from vote, Reuters (2011)

This news article is about the call from political parties on Egypt's military rulers to ensure that figures associated with the government of ousted President Hosni Mubarak cannot run in parliamentary elections expected this year.

Egypt: Army warned of election delay, The Egyptian Gazette (2011)

In this news article, Muslim fundamentalists are warning that they are ready to shed their blood in Tahrir Square, if the Military Council decides to delay parliamentary elections due in November.

Egypt presidential hopefuls want early poll date, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that seven presidential hopefuls will call on Egypt's ruling military council to fix an early date for an election for the presidency and may demand the poll be held in February or March 2012, one of the candidates said on Thursday 15 Sep.

Egypt: Parties threaten poll boycott, protest planned, Alert Net (2011)

This news article says that Political parties from across Egypt's political spectrum threatened to boycott elections scheduled to start in November unless the country's military rulers amend the election law, and the activists are preparing for major protest on Friday 30 Sep. In this article also, calls from Clinton for early end to emergency law.

Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood-led bloc threatens vote boycott, The Egyptian Gazette (2011)

In this news article; a statement late Wednesday 28 September, by the Democratic Coalition said its members would not stand in November's legislative elections if a controversial article in the new electoral law was not amended. They objected to Article Five of the electoral law, which bans political parties from running in a third of the seats in parliament, which are reserved for independent candidates.

Egypt: Brotherhood and friends stick to their deal with SCAF despite uproar , Ahram online (2011)

This news article is about 13 parties which signed a watershed agreement with the military council on electoral issues last Saturday face internal discord and external criticism, but stick to their guns.

Egypt's presidential hopefuls want early vote, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that a group of six presidential hopefuls said on Wednesday 5 October, they want Egypt's first free election to be held in April, far earlier than the timetable envisaged by the ruling military council.

Egypt: Tunisian, Egyptian, Morrocan journalists undergo training on election coverage, Afrique en ligne (2011)

This news article says that the UN Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC) and The New York Times Knowledge Network are collaborating to train Tunisian, Egyptian, Moroccan, US and French journalists on covering elections in their respective countries. A statement by UNAOC on Tuesday, stated: 'Ahead of the imminent elections in Tunisia and Egypt, UNAOC is working with The New York Times Knowledge Network, which offers online adult and continuing education opportunities, to provide a six-week online course to Tunisian, Egyptian, Moroccan, French and American journalists and journalism students.'

Egypt: Communist Party to boycott parliamentary elections, Ahram Online (2011)

In this news article, the Egyptian Communist Party has announced they will be boycotting parliamentary elections due on 28 November. The Communists Party is also calling on other parties and political forces to do likewise, asking them to prioritise the transitional period in order "to save the revolution."

ُEgypt: Fears of Mubarak allies as Egypt prepares elections, Reuters (2011)

This news article talks about candidates registering for Egypt's first parliamentary elections since the overthrown of the autocratic Hosni Mubarak said they feared Mubarak loyalists would sneak their way onto the candidate lists.

Egypt: Deal or no deal: Fragile electoral pacts, Ahram online (2011)

As Egypt gears up for its first post-January Revolution parliamentary elections, political parties struggle to form and maintain meaningful alliances, the Egyptian High Commission for Elections has decided to extend the candidate registration period for the upcoming parliamentary elections – covering both the People’s Assembly (lower house) and the Shura Council (upper house) – until 22 October 2011.

Egypt: More than 15,000 candidates including numerous holdovers from the former ruling NDP have registered to take part in the upcoming parliamentary races, Ahram Online (2011)

This news article says that more than 15,000 candidates , including numerous holdovers from the former ruling NDP , have registered to take part in Egypt's upcoming parliamentary races

Egypt: Draft 'Political Corruption' Law invites abuse - Proposal violates international standards, All Africa (2011

This news article is about the Cabinet proposals to amend and implement Egypt's 1952 "Law on Political Treachery" that have negative implications for the country's political freedoms and upcoming election, Human Rights Watch said today. Candidate registration for Egypt's parliamentary elections will start on November 28, has closed on October 24. The law would allow the authorities to imprison anyone convicted of vaguely defined crimes of "political corruption" and to deprive them of the right to vote or run for office.

Egyptian Expats Can Vote, All Africa (2011)

In this news article; the administrative court ruled on 25 Oct 2011 to obligate the government to establish voting booths in the Egyptian embassies abroad in order to enable Egyptians living abroad of practicing their right to vote in the coming parliamentary elections. The law suits were based on article "7" of the Constitutional declaration, which stipulates that all citizens are equal before the law and equal in rights and duties.

Egypt: Canada urges Egypt to allow international monitors for elections, Vancouver Sun (2011)

In this news article; Canada is pressing Egypt's interim rulers to overturn a ban on international monitors as the North African country prepares for parliamentary elections next month that will set the tone for democracy there and in the region. Egyptians will begin going to the polls on Nov. 28 to elect their first Parliament since a wave of protests ousted former president Hosni Mubarak in February.

Egypt elections: Those who cannot vote, Aljazeera (2011)

Under Egypt's laws, political prisoners can be lumped in with criminal record holders who are barred from voting. There has been a flurry of stories on issues facing candidates - charges of discrimination against female candidates, the questionable efficacy of a ban on preventing those with ties to deposed President Hosni Mubarak’s National Democratic Party from running etc. But little is known about a list of names, a list that some say is nearly 30,000 names long, identifying people who have been prohibited from voting due to past criminal convictions.

The effects of Egypt's election law, The Foreign Policy (2011)

This news article talks about the election law which was announced by the Supreme Council for the Armed Forces (SCAF) that it is remarkably complicated, generating great confusion both inside and outside of Egypt. Those poorly understood rules will play an important role in shaping the results -- and are already pushing the Egyptian party scene into a polarized competition between Islamist and secular blocs, with independents somewhere in the middle with no clear political or economic agenda.

Egypt: Analysis: A guide to the first post-revolution elections

Millions of Egyptians will head to the polls on 28 November in the first parliamentary vote. The elections will establish a parliament to lead the drafting of a new constitution within a year. If approved in a subsequent referendum, this constitution will shape Egypt’s future. But few Egyptians understand the complex election system or know what the parties represent.

Egypt: Lax security stirs up pessimism over parliamentary elections, Ahram Online (2011)

This news article says Egypt is in dire need of a new parliament to push forward the transitional period, but considering the protracted security vacuum, parliamentary elections might turn out to be a step backward

Egypt: Netherlands promises funds to 'witness' Egyptian election, Radio Netherlands (2011)

In this news article, the Netherlands has promised the US Carter centre 300,000 euros to send people to Egypt to watch over the upcoming elections in November.

Egypt: Official election campaigns start this week, Reuters (2011)

This news article is about the start of official campaigning for Egypt's parliamentary election which will begin on WednesdayNov. 2 and end on Nov. 26, two days before the first round of voting starts, the election commision said on Tuesday.

Egypt cabinet revises constitution proposal on army, Reuters (2011)

The Egyptian cabinet, reacting to a public outcry, has amended a document proposing principles for a new constitution that would have shielded the army from oversight by parliament, a cabinet minister said on Thursday 3 November.

Egypt: Electionnaire Egypt site helps users find their political party, Bikyamasr (2011)

This news article is about a new website, Electionnaire Egypt, hosted by the Arab Network for Human Rights Information (ANHRI) was launched this week, serving as an interactive electoral questionnaire that will help users find the party that is best suited to their views for upcoming Egyptian parliamentary elections. The site is hosted in both Arabic in English, and was designed by ANHRI to serve as an interactive host made to stimulate public debate and enlighten citizens politically.

Egypt expats to vote via national IDs, Egypt SIS (2011)

This news is for Egyptians living abroad, that they will be allowed to vote in the upcoming parliamentary elections with their national IDs rather than their passports. Voting registration will be open for one week beginning November 10. More details in this news.

Egypt’s Election Law: Too Complicated For A New Democracy, Council on Foreign Relations (2011)

This analysis is about the Egyptian Election's law. It says that Egyptians are to begin voting late this month, and it is important that in this first free election the population knows what it is voting for. But it’s unlikely they will have much of an idea in the ridiculously complex system that has now been designed. It would confuse a bunch of Ph.D. statisticians, much less an electorate that is about 30 percent illiterate.

Egypt: High Elections Commission head urges expats to register to vote, Almasry Alyoum (2011)

In this news; The head of Egypt's High Elections Commission, Abdel Moez Ibrahim, is urging Egyptian expatriates to register on the commission's website and at Egypt's embassies and consulates abroad so they can vote in the parliamentary elections scheduled to begin on 28 November.

Egypt: Supreme Electoral Committee - Expatriates registration begins, All Africa (2011)

In this news; the Supreme Electoral Committee, headed by Abdel Moez Ibrahim, extended the date of the release of voting permits until Nov. 19. Ibrahim also said expatriate Egyptians will begin voter registration Thursday Nov. 10 until Saturday Nov. 12.

Egypt: Women candidates go faceless on campaign ads, Bikyamasr (2011)

This news article says that female candidates for Egypt’s upcoming parliamentary elections are not getting their faces on campaign advertisements. At least not the Islamist candidates.

Egypt: Occupy Wall Street considering sending protesters for Elections, Huffington Post (2011)

Last Thursday 10 Novmeber, Occupy Wall Street's General Assembly approved a resolution to spend $29,000 to help pay for approximately 20 protesters to travel to Egypt in order to observe the country's elections.

Egypt: Court ruling allows ex-members of Mubarak’s party to run in parliamentary elections, Washington Post (2011)

In this news article; former members of Hosni Mubarak’s political party won legal backing Monday 14 November, to run in Egypt’s first parliamentary elections since the ouster of the longtime leader. The Supreme Administrative Court overturned a ruling that had barred members of the now-dissolved National Democratic Party from contesting the election in one province. Monday’s ruling applies nationwide and cannot be appealed.

Egypt: New electoral system explained for Elections 2011, Daily News Egypt,

This news article says that Egypt’s electoral system is "complicated and difficult for any ordinary Egyptian to comprehend and implement," experts believe, as political powers remain optimistic that it will help them secure a place in a parliament long dominated by members of the former regime. This article tries to explain this system.

Egypt: Vote Compass launched, Radio Netherlands (2011)

This news is about the Arabic desk of Radio Netherlands Worldwide which has launched an online ‘Vote Compass’ for the parliamentary elections in Egypt. The site, developed in collaboration with Amsterdam’s VU University, helps voters find out which political party most closely reflects their views.

Egypt: Elections as scheduled despite clashes kill 10, Xinhua (2011)

In this news article, Egyptian officials said that the parliamentary elections will be held on time as 10 people died and 214 others were injured in continued clashes between protesters and police in central Cairo on Sunday (20 Nov). The parliamentary elections will last until March 2012, following which a new constitution will be drafted and a new president elected.

Egypt: Protesters, forces clash for third day before Election, Bloomberg Business Week (2011)

Clashes erupted in Cairo for a third day after fighting between security forces and demonstrators protesting military rule left at least 22 people dead, days before Egypt’s first parliamentary elections since the ouster of Hosni Mubarak.

Egyptian generals pledge to cede power early, Washington Post (2011)

This news article says that Egypt’s military chiefs pledged Tuesday to speed up the transition to democratic rule, saying they will transfer power to an elected president by July 2012, a clear concession after four days of raucous street demonstrations. The move was announced by the country’s military leader in his first national address since assuming power in February.

Egypt protests: Mass Friday rally ahead of election, BBC (2011)

This news article talks about Protesters in Cairo who are gathering for another mass rally demanding that Egypt's military rulers step aside. Large crowds have been taking part in Friday prayers in the city's Tahrir Square, where protests have continued for a week. They are seeking the postponement of elections due to start on Monday.

Egypt: Islamist election map, al-Ahram Weekly (2011)

This article reviews the confluences and fault-lines engineered by the plethora of Islamist factions.

Egypt: Election 2011: The essential guide, al-Ahram Weekly (2011)

This news article gives details on the number of voters, Elections timetable, the Parliament's composition, candidates, Elections campaigns, International and Monitoring, Expenditure and the major forces competing.

Egypt: Protests against military rule cloud election, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that protesters rallied again in Cairo on Sunday 27 November, to try to evict Egypt's ruling generals. The parliamentary election that gets under way on Monday and Tuesday 28-29 November, is the first step in a transfer to civilian rule, promised by the ruling army council that replaced Mubarak.

Egypt's undecided voters brace for complex poll, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that Egyptians go to the polls on Monday (28 November) for the country's first free parliamentary election in living memory, but many don't know where to vote, let alone who they should vote for. Voters, emerging from decades of oppression, will have to choose between a confusing mass of candidates and rival parties.

Egypt: Violence at polling booths could derail elections, The Independent (2011)

This news article says that even before being spattered with protesters' blood and blurred by tear gas, Egypt's elections were convoluted. Conducted in three rounds, so that independent judges can monitor all polling booths, the elections are based on two ballots: one for party lists and the other for individual candidates – with a counting system that, a day ago, had yet to be decided. Now, with at least 42 protesters killed and over 2,000 injured in the past week, some people want an election boycott, as a part of continued protests against Egypt's military rulers – the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (Scaf).

Egypt: Eye on elections, International monitors now welcomed, Almasry Alyoum (2011)

Following tension over allowing international vote monitoring in Egypt's elections, the Egyptian government now says it is welcoming international observers to “witness” the parliamentary polls, slated to kick off tomorrow in some parts of the country.

ُEgypt: Voting starts in first parliamentary elections since Mubarak’s ouster, Washington Post (2011)

This news article says Egyptians on Monday 28 November, began voting in their nation’s first parliamentary elections since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster, a giant step toward what many in the country hope will be a democratic Egypt after decades of dictatorship. The landmark election has already been marred by turmoil in the streets, and the population is sharply polarized and confused over the nation’s direction. Still, the vote promises to be the fairest and cleanest election in Egypt in living memory, and long lines outside polling centers early in the day pointed to a respectable turnout.

Egypt: Live updates: First post-Mubarak elections kick off, Ahram Online (2011)

As Egyptians head to the polls in what looks to be a massive turn-out unprecedented for decades, Ahram Online provides a blow-by-blow account of Egypt's first post-Mubarak parliamentary election .

Egypt: The Concise Idiot’s Guide to the Elections, Ahram Online (2011)

This is a concise guide to the Egyptian Elections . 101 on the seat breakdown, when and where to vote and basic campaign regulations for the lower and upper houses of Egyptian Parliament (People's Assembly and Shura Council)

Egypt: Political Parties, Ahram Online (2011)

This is a detailed guide on Egyptian Political Parties in Elections.

Egypt: Voting in historic Elections enters second day, The New York Times (2011)

This news article says that Polls opened for a second scheduled day of voting on Tuesday (29 Nov), after unexpectedly large crowds of Egyptians defied predictions of bedlam and violence a day earlier to cast their votes in the first parliamentary elections since the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak.

Egypt: Elections: few incidents, many women at polling stations, Asia News (2011)

This news article is about the Second day of elections in nine governorates. In Alexandria the great turnout of women at the polls. Few incidents recorded especially in front of female electoral centres. Muslim Brotherhood give, oil, meat and sugar to those who vote. Tahrir Square demonstrations continue.

Egypt: Early results show a mandate for Islamists, The New York Times (2011)

Islamists claimed a decisive victory on Wednesday (30 Nov), as early election results put them on track to win a dominant majority in Egypt’s first Parliament since the ouster of Hosni Mubarak, the most significant step yet in the religious movement’s rise since the start of the Arab Spring.

Egypt awaits poll results as Tahrir protest planned, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that Egypt will hear the results of elections which Islamist parties look set to win on Friday 2 Dec , and protesters have called a rally to remember 42 people killed in clashes with police last month.

Egypt to announce initial election result at 1800 GMT, Reuters (2011)

This news says that Election officials will announce results from the first stage of Egypt's parliamentary election at 8 p.m. (1800 GMT) on Friday, state television said.

Egypt: Brotherhood's FJP secures 40% of the vote in 1st round of Egypt's elections, Ahram Online (2011)

This news article says that initial results for the first stage of parliamentary polling show the Muslim Brotherhood's FJP receiving 40 per cent of the vote, followed by Salafist parties and the liberal Egyptian Bloc.

Egypt election turnout 62 percent, protesters honour dead, Reuters (2011)

In this news article; the Muslim Brotherhood, banned but semi-tolerated under Mubarak, has said its FJP expects to win 43 percent of party list votes in the first stage, building on the Islamist group's decades of grassroots social and religious work. But the Brotherhood's website also forecast that the Salafi al-Nour party would gain 30 percent of the vote, a shock for some Egyptians, especially minority Christian Copts, who fear it will try to impose strict Islamic codes on society. al-Nour said Thursday it expected 20 percent of the vote.

Egyptian youth 'decimated' in parliamentary elections, says Mohamed ElBaradei, The Telegraph (2011)

In this news article; Mohamed ElBaradei, the potential Egypt presidential candidate, said that the liberal youth behind the country's uprising have been "decimated" in parliamentary elections dominated by Islamists.

Egypt Holds First-Phase Election Run-Offs that may seal Islamists’ gains, Bloomberg (2011)

Egyptians in Cairo, Alexandria and seven other provinces started to vote today in run-offs for the first stage of an election that may give Islamist groups the dominant role in parliament.

Egypt: Islamists seek to extend gains in run-off vote, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that Egyptians voted on Monday (5 Dec), in run-off contests for parliamentary seats, with the Muslim Brotherhood's party trying to extend its lead over hardline Islamists and liberal parties in a political landscape redrawn by the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak.

Egypt: Runoff Elections Intensify Rivalry Between Islamist Parties, VoA News (2011)

This news article is about Egypt which is holding a second day of runoff elections for the national parliament, with rival Islamist parties engaging in increasingly heated competition for votes in the country's two largest cities and seven other provinces.

Egypt: Islamists claim most seats in run-off vote, Reuters (2011)

This news article is about the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party (FJP), which has promised to work with a broad coalition in the new assembly, secured 34 individual seats out of the 45 it contested in the run-offs on Monday and Tuesday, a party source told Reuters. Official results are not expected until Thursday 8 December.

Egypt: Elections in Graphics , Chicago Tribune (2011)

This graphic explains Egyptian parliamentary elections, with breakdowns for how the upper and lower houses will be elected.

Egypt army affirms parliament role over constitution, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that only parliament will choose the make-up of a constituent assembly, the army said which appears to be a retreating from earlier statements that riled Islamists and others when a general said unelected bodies would have a role in the selection process.

Islamists pursue gains in Egypt's phased election, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that Egypt's rival Islamist groups sought more gains in the second round of a parliamentary election on Wednesday 14 December, with liberals also fighting for a voice in an army-led transition that began with the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak.

Egypt elections: Cairo protesters clash with army, BBC (2011)

This news article says that clashes have broken out in Egypt's capital, Cairo, after the army tried to remove demonstrators staging a sit-in near the country's cabinet building. The violence comes as Egypt is holding parliamentary elections.

Accusations of ballot abuse flare up as Egyptians vote in 2nd round of parliamentary elections,

This news article says that Islamists and liberals accused election officials Thursday of filling out ballot forms for elderly or confused voters at some polling stations during the second round of parliamentary elections. If confirmed as a pattern, the reports could chip away at the credibility of what has so far been the freest and fairest vote in Egypt’s modern history.

Egypt's Islamists claim sweep of second round vote, Reuters (2011)

This news article says that Egypt's two leading Islamist parties said on Sunday 18 December, their separate party lists secured about three-quarters of votes cast in the second round of a parliamentary election, extending their lead in the three-stage vote.

Egypt Continues Voting After Violence, VoA News (2011)

This news article say that voters in nine Egyptian provinces have begun voting in runoff elections in the country's multi-stage parliamentary poll, which comes after days of deadly clashes between protesters and security forces in the capital. The voting Wednesday (20 Dec) is taking place in mostly rural areas to decide contests in which there was no absolute winner in elections held last week.

Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood says to seek civil state, Xinhua (2011)

This news article say that the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in Egypt is on the way to power as it ranks the first in votes based on initial results of the first two stages of voting for the People's Assembly (the lower house of parliament).

Egyptians turn out in fresh poll round, The Australian (2011)

This news article says that Egyptians trickled into polling stations in the run-off of a staggered election marred by clashes between protesters and security forces that have left 15 people dead in five days. Polling took place in a third of the country's 27 provinces, with a visibly lower turnout than in previous rounds, AFP reporters said.

Egyptians head to polls again in parliament vote, Reuters (2012)

This news article says that Egyptians will vote Tuesday (3 December), in the third round of a parliamentary election that has so far handed Islamists the biggest share of seats in an assembly that will be central in the transition from army rule.

Islamists ahead as Egypt vote enters final leg, Reuters (2012)

In this news article, Islamists aimed to cement control over Egypt's lower house of parliament as a final phase of voting began on Tuesday (10 Jan), while a secular party's plan to boycott elections for the upper chamber threatened to weaken the liberal bloc. Islamists of various stripes are expected to win 60 percent of the 498 elected seats in the assembly's lower house, with the Brotherhood taking some 41 percent, by its own count.

Egypt election: results show Islamists taking two thirds of seats , The Telegraph (2012)

This news article says that the Muslim Brotherhood won by far the biggest share of seats allocated to party lists, final results confirmed, giving it a major role in drafting the country's new constitution. The Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) has promised all Egyptians will have a voice in the new parliament, but Islamists are now set to wield major influence over a new constitution to be drafted by a 100-strong body parliament will help pick. Under a complex electoral system, two thirds or 332 of the seats in lower house are decided by proportional representation on closed party lists. The other third are contested by individual candidates.

Egyptians return to polls for upper house vote , Aljazeera-Youtube (2012)

This video show that Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood is emerging as the strongest force in the country's new democratic politics as Egyptians head to the polls to vote for members of the upper house of parliament. When the voting is finally over, the group's Freedom and Justice party is expected to be the biggest in both houses of parliament. Islamists are likely to play a significant role in drafting the country's new constitution.

Egypt: Islamists Claim Majority in Elections, RIA Novosti (2012)

This news article says that the Islamist Freedom and Justice Party stands to win up to 60 percent of the seats in the Egyptian parliament’s upper house, according to preliminary election results quoted by the party in a statement issued on Tuesday 31 Jan.

Egypt's army considers moving up presidential elections in face of calls for it to step down, Washington Post (2012)

This news article says that Egypt’s military rulers are considering ways to speed up the transition to civilian rule, including moving up the date for presidential elections, a spokesman for a civilian body that advises the army said Monday.

Egypt sets presidential election rules, BBC (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's governing military council has set out the rules for the country's first presidential election since the uprising that ousted Hosni Mubarak. The rules stipulate that candidates have to be born in Egypt to Egyptian parents, not be dual nationals, and not be married to a foreigner. Candidates must also be endorsed by at least 30 MPs or 30,000 eligible voters.

Egypt: Amr Moussa calls for presidential elections before end of April, Ahram Online (2012)

This news article says that Presidential hopeful Amr Moussa has called on Egypt’s ruling military, the Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF), to hand over power to an elected president before the end of April.

Egypt speeds preparation for presidential vote, Boston Globe (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's military leader told electoral officials Monday (6 Feb) to speed preparations for presidential elections after a new eruption of street protests. Nominations for president would be accepted March 10, a month earlier than the original date. No date for elections were given, but it was an indication that the vote may be held about a month ahead of schedule.

Egypt holds runoffs for 1st-round Shura Council polls, Ahram Online (2012)

This news article says that Runoff elections for the first round of polling for Egypt’s Shura Council (the upper, consultative house of parliament) will kick off Tuesday (7 Feb), according to the timetable set by the High Elections Commission. Round two of Shura Council elections will begin on 14 February.

Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood Ready To Form Govt, India TV (2012)

This news article says that Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood, which now dominates the parliament after historic the polls is ready to form a coalition government and demanded that the incumbent military-appointed cabinet be sacked as it has failed to check deteriorating security and economic situation in the country.

Egypt: Legislation Committee dismisses proposal for Elections before Constitution, All Africa (2012)

The parliament's Legislation Committee has dismissed a proposal introduced by MP Ahmed Saeed to launch presidential elections before the drafting of a new constitution.

Egypt presidential elections in late May: Minister, Ahram Online (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's first post-Mubarak presidential election will take place in May, the state-owned Al-Ahram newspaper reported on Wednesday 15 Feb.

Egypt: Voting begins for second round of Shura Council elections, Egypt Independent (2012)

In this news article; the second round of elections for Egypt’s upper house, the Shura Council, began Tuesday 14 Feb. The end of this round, after runoffs, will mark the official conclusion of polling for Egypt’s first post-Hosni Mubarak Parliament, for which elections began in late November last year.

Egypt local council elections to be held after presidential race, Bikyamasr (2012)

In this news article; Egypt’s Local Council elections will be held during July or August, after the end of the presidential elections scheduled for June, Local Development Minister Mohammed Ahmed Attia was quoted as saying by the state-run MENA news agency on Wednesday 15 Feb.

Egypt delays announcing date for presidential elections, France 24 (2012)

In this news article, the judicial committee overseeing Egypt’s first presidential election since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster last year said it had postponed plans to schedule a final vote date on Sunday, although a committee member said it would be in the first week of June.

Egypt court rules parliament vote system unconstitutional, Reuters (2012)

This news article says that an Egyptian court has ruled that the voting system that elected the new parliament was unconstitutional, creating a fresh source of uncertainty as Egypt tries to set up a governing system a year after Hosni Mubarak was toppled.

Egypt to select constitutional panel March 3, SF Chronicle (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's ruling military council pushed ahead Sunday with plans to begin drafting a new constitution before transferring power to civilian rule, announcing that parliament will meet this week to select the panel tasked with writing the document.

Egypt: Presidential elections calendar to be announced Wednesday, Ahram Online (2012)

In this news article, Higher Presidential Elections Commission member says committee will outline the dates ‎of presidential election process in a presser late afternoon Wednesday 29 Feb, after a final ‎meeting to confirm the schedule.

Egypt: Expat registration for presidential poll begins Monday, Gulf News (2012)

This news article is about the registration to vote for Egypt's presidential election which opens on Monday 5 March for Egyptians living in the UAE. The registration process runs until April 4.

Egypt's constitution: How 5 stakeholders would shape the document, Christian Science Monitor (2012)

This news article is about the main parties in Egypt which will have an effect on shaping the next Constitution of Egypt. There is much at stake including the role of Islam in the state and the power of the military. Yet for such an important document, the timeline is rushed: The constitution is expected to be put to a referendum before presidential elections, scheduled to begin May 23. Here’s what key stakeholders want Egypt’s new constitution to look like.

Egypt begins first ever free presidential elections, The Guardian (2012)

This news article says that Applications open for 23 May vote with Mubarak-era politicians, ex-military officers and Islamists expected to lead field.

Egypt: Hundreds prepare candidacies as presidential election campaign kicks off

This news article says that at least 500 Egyptians have taken the first step to run for president, a sign of the excitement generated by the country’s first presidential elections in which the outcome is in doubt, election officials said on Wednesday 13 March.

Egypt: 500 prepare to run in presidential race , The Daily Star (2012)

This news article says that at least 500 Egyptians have taken the first step to run for president, a sign of the excitement generated by the country’s first presidential elections in which the outcome is in doubt, election officials said Wednesday.

Egypt: HPEC says second-generation Egyptians abroad to vote in presidential contest, Ahram Online (2012)

Egypt’s Higher Presidential Election Commission (HPEC) issued a statement on Tuesday evening 13 March, in which it announced that second-generation Egyptians born overseas would be allowed to vote – for the very first time – in upcoming presidential elections.

Egypt: Amendment of Presidential Elections law conforms with constitution, All Africa (2012)

This news article says that the Supreme Constitutional Court said in its session on Wednesday 14/3/2012 that the bill amending provisions of the presidential elections law conforms with the provisions of the constitutional declaration issued on last March 30, adding that the High Presidential Elections Commission (HPEC), which is assigned to announce the final result of presidential elections.

Egypt: Constitution construction to include elected members of parliament, Bikya Masr (2012)

This news is about setting the criteria by the Egyptian parliament on Saturday 17 March, for choosing members of the constituent assembly that will draft Egypt’s new constitution. There is also ongoing debate as to whether the constitution should be in place before or after the presidential elections.

Egypt: In U-turn, Brotherhood may bid for president, Reuters (2012)

This news says the Muslim Brotherhood might make a policy U-turn and contest May's presidential election, senior members said, as the group had yet to see a name among the declared candidates it was prepared to back.

Egypt: Parties make nominations for Constituent Assembly elections, The Daily News Egypt (2012)

This news article says that political parties and MPs announced their nominations for the Constituent Assembly members, ahead of a vote set for the joint meeting of both houses of parliament.

Egypt: Islamists reserve 65 seats of 100-member Constituent Assembly, Ahram Online (2012)

The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly tasked with drafting Egypt's post-January 25 Revolution constitution will be held Wednesday to prepare the main guidelines of its business in the coming weeks. Initial figures show that the assembly includes 36 Islamist parliamentarians (25 from the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party —FJP — and 11 from the Salafist El-Nour Party) out of a total 50 MPs.

Egypt: Liberals and leftists resign from constitution-writing panel, Washington Post (2012)

Egypt’s liberals and leftists vowed Sunday to boycott a crucial body tasked with writing the nation’s constitution, accusing Islamist parties of trying to dominate the process as the country lurched toward a political crisis.

Egypt Ruling Council says Brotherhood is trying to undermine it, New York Times (2012)

Egypt’s ruling military council lashed out at the powerful Muslim Brotherhood on Sunday 25 March, accusing the group of trying to undermine the government and of questioning the motives of the military rulers.

Egypt elections: On a mission to rebuild the country, BBC (2012)

This news article is about the candidates for Presidential elections will be held in Egypt in May.

Syrian Parliament calls on Assad to postpone elections, RIA Novosti (2012)

This news article says that the Syrian parliament, the People’s Assembly, appealed on Monday to President Bashar al-Assad to postpone parliamentary elections set for May 7, Syrian official SANA news agency said. The elections were announced under a new constitution passed last month. The Syrian opposition said the vote would be rigged and signaled that it would boycott the poll.

Egypt: Brotherhood names three possible presidential candidates, Aswat Masriya (2012)

This news article says that MP Mohamed Emadeddin, a member of Parliament's Foreign Relations Committee and a leader in the Muslim Brotherhood, stated Monday evening 26 March, that the Islamist group will consider three names in their bid to select a candidate for Egypt's upcoming presidential polls. The short-list includes Mohamed Mursi, chairman of the Brotherhood's political arm, the Freedom and Justice Party; Saad El-Katatni, the parliamentary speaker, and the group's deputy guide, Khairat El-Shater.

Egypt constitutional assembly begins work, BBC (2012)

This news article says that an assembly of 100 Egyptians given the task of writing their country's new constitution has begun its work. Once the panel has produced its draft, it will be put to a referendum, which must take place before the presidential election can begin in May.

Egypt rulers lift block on Ayman Nour election bid, Reuters (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's military rulers on Wednesday 28 March, lifted a ban preventing Ayman Nour from running for the presidency, opening the way for a presidential bid. Last October, an appeal court had rejected a request by Nour to overturn the ruling against him.

Egypt: Constitution assembly elects head, another member withdraws, Reuters (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's new assembly, tasked with writing a constitution, chose parliament speaker Saad al-Katatni as its head on Wednesday 28 March, and vowed to press ahead with its mission despite the withdrawal of at least 15 members who opposed its Islamist make-up.

Egypt Brotherhood candidate registers for presidency, BBC (2012)

In this news article, the Muslim Brotherhood's candidate for the Egyptian presidency has registered for the election set for late May. The Muslim Brotherhood had previously said it would not field a candidate in the vote. The deadline for registering for the election closes on Sunday 8 April. About 1,000 people are reported to have registered, including Amr Moussa, a former foreign minister and head of the Arab League, and the leading Salafist candidate Hazem Abu Ismail.

Egypt's presidency: The revolution within the Ikhwan, Aljazeera (2012)

This news report says that despite wide criticism, the brotherhood along with its political arm - the FJP - ups the ante on the presidential elections.

Egypt: Court ruling brings constitutional crisis to climax, Ahram Online (2012)

This news article says Tuesday's Supreme Administrative Court ruling abrogating the Constituent Assembly is greeted with approval by liberals but triggers mixed reactions by Brotherhood; critics question the legitimacy of the judiciary's decision. As a result, more than two dozen members announced their resignation from the assembly, including virtually all liberal and leftist representatives. Several popular demonstrations, meanwhile, were staged in the capital by activists opposed to the domination of the constitution-drafting process by a single political force.

Egypt: El-Hariri to file appeal against El-Shater with elections commission, Ahram Online (2012)

This news article says after taking legal measures against the former Brotherhood deputy, presidential hopeful El-Hariri appeals to Egypt's presidential electoral commission to prevent El-Shater from running in upcoming elections.

Egypt parliament divided over proposed 'disfranchisement' law, Ahram Online (2012)

This news article says that lawmakers debate controversial draft law aimed at side-lining Mubarak-era figures from presidency race; Critics say bill targets Omar Suleiman,

Egypt Disqualifies 10 Presidential Hopefuls, VoA (2012)

This news article says the Egyptian election commission has barred 10 candidates from running for president, including Omar Suleiman,former spy chief under autocratic President Hosni Mubarak, Muslim Brotherhood candidate Khairat al-Shater, and Salafi politician Hazem Abu Ismail. The presidential elections scheduled for May 23 and 24. If no candidate secures more than 50 percent of the vote, a run-off election will take place June 16 and 17. Presidential candidates will be allowed to begin campaigning April 30.

Candidate bans may ease rancor of Egypt vote, Reuters (2012)

This news article says: A move to exclude some of the more divisive contenders from Egypt's presidential election may help moderate candidates seen as better able to forge the consensus many believe can foster a peaceful transition to democracy.

Egypt’s presidential campaigns to cost billions: analysts, Alarabiya TV (2012)

This news article says Egyptian presidential candidates had started their campaigns a long time before their eligibility to run was confirmed and spent a lot of money in acquainting voters with their platforms. This, experts argued, is expected to raise the cost of presidential elections to around 1.5 billion Egyptian pounds (LE) which is about $165 million.

Egypt: Thousands rally after presidential candidates banned, Bloomberg (2012)

Thousands of Egyptians poured into Cairo’s Tahrir Square amid increasing political tensions ahead of May presidential elections, the first since the ouster of Hosni Mubarak.

Moussa Leads in Poll as Egypt Election Campaigning Begins, Bloomberg Business Week (2012)

This news says campaigning for Egypt’s first presidential election since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster began as the ruling generals were poised to announce governmental changes and the constitution-writing process faced further obstacles.

Egypt: A guide to Egypt's pre-Election violence, Huffington Post (2012)

In this article few questions and answers about Wednesday's violence in Cairo, just three weeks before presidential elections.

Egypt election committee halts work after criticism, Reuters (2012)

Egypt's presidential elections committee said it would stop its work in preparation for presidential elections due later this month after what it said was an insult to the committee by members of parliament during its session on Monday 7 May. The committee said in a statement it would not meet on Tuesday 8 May as planned with presidential candidates and media figures pending "suitable conditions for the meeting."

Egyptian presidential election TV debate – as it happened, The Guardian (2012)

This news is about Egypt's first-ever presidential election TV debate. The protagonists are front-running candidates Amr Moussa (former foreign minister and former head of the Arab League) and Abdel Moneim Abul Fotouh (formerly of the Muslim Brotherhood) and two high-profile TV figures will be posing the questions: chat show host Mona el-Shazly and former al-Jazeera journalist Yosri Fouda. There are hopes that the debate will break new ground in Arab election coverage, with some challenging questions and serious discussion of the issues, rather than the old-style obsequiousness.

Egyptian expats pleased to participate in elections, Gulf News (2012)

Egyptians overseas will go to the polls for a week from Friday 11 May, to vote for a new president, amidst confusion whether the presidential elections will be suspended or not. Around 60,000 out of more than 300,000 Egyptians living and working in the UAE are registered to cast absentee ballots in Egypt's embassy in Abu Dhabi and consulate in Dubai in the first free elections since Mubarak was ousted in February last year. It is estimated that more than eight million Egyptians are working and living abroad, but nearly 600,000 are registered voters overseas.

Will Egypt get a new interim constitution?, Foreign Policy (2012)

This article examines the stability of the Egyptian Constitution among the events of this week's Presidential election.

Egypt election: Rivals claim run-off places, BBC (2012)

This news article says the Muslim Brotherhood's candidate for Egyptian president, Mohammed Mursi, is likely to face former Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq in a run-off vote, according to partial election results.

Egypt election 2012 day two - live, The Guardian (2012)

This news article show that: • Muslim Brotherhood candidate strong in early vote tally • National suspense points to faith in integrity of count • Turnout picked up after a slow start; claims of irregularities

Egyptians swarm polling centres on day 2 of landmark vote, Hindustan Times (2012)

Egyptians swarmed polling stations on the second day on Thursday 24 May of a gripping presidential election in which candidates are pitting stability against the ideals of the uprising that ended Hosni Mubarak's rule.

Egypt: Carter praises transparency of Presidential Election, All Africa (2012)

Former United States President Jimmy Carter praised Egypt's presidential election, particularly the high participation, considering it a model for the world to follow. He also pressed on the importance of empowering Egyptian women by granting them their complete legitimate rights.

Egypt election: Hamdin Sabbahi seeks recount, BBC (2012)

With Egypt's elections inconclusive in finding a leader, the candidate garnering the third highest number of votes is demanding a recount, citing elections fraud. With a run-off election scheduled, a recount could change the candidate selection available in June's Presidential race.

Egypt Presidential Election 2012: Ahmed Shafiq's office attacked, Huffington Post (2012)

The Muslim Brotherhood is scrambling to broaden its appeal to liberals, leftists and Christians after official results Monday 28 May showed that the Islamist group's candidate will face ousted autocrat Hosni Mubarak's last prime minister in next month's runoff for president of Egypt. Violence flared late Monday when several hundred people ransacked the Cairo campaign headquarters of the ex-premier, Ahmed Shafiq.

Egypt presidential election body weighs complaints, Reuters (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's election committee on Sunday 27 May, considered complaints about a presidential poll that has left voters with what many see as a painful run-off choice between an Islamist apparatchik and a throwback to Hosni Mubarak's era.

Egypt: Mursi to face Shafiq in presidential runoff, Alarabiya (2012)

In this news article; Egypt’s electoral commission on Monday confirmed that Muslim Brotherhood’s candidate Mohammed Mursi would face Ahmed Shafiq, Hosni Mubarak’s last prime minister, in a June presidential run-off. The electoral commission, in a televised news conference, said the turnout was 46.2 percent in the first round of the vote.

Egypt: A detailed visual breakdown of the results from Egypt's first free presidential elections. Ahram Online (2012)

Ahram Online presents a detailed visual breakdown of the results from Egypt's first free presidential elections. Our selection of charts and maps show which way the votes fell, dividing the results by candidates, geographical regions and political trends. Figures are rounded to the nearest whole number and only include the top five candidates. The maps and charts demonstrate which regions favoured which of the top five finalists. It shows that Delta is for Shafiq, Upper Egypt for Mursi and the Mediterranean coast for Sabbahi. All data was compiled by Ahram Online.

Egypt: Elections - A choice between Islamic dictatorship and military authoritarianism, All Africa (2012)

This analysis says, for the next and final round of presidential elections, Egyptians are being asked to choose between an Islamic or military dictatorship both claiming legitimacy through the ballot box.

Egypt state of emergency lifted after 31 years. BBC News (2012)

Egypt's state of emergency, which allowed the detention of suspects and segregated trials has been lifted after 31 years. Criticized widely by human rights activists, the lifting of the state of emergency was a major demand of protesters demanding a more democratic state.

Runoff in Egyptian presidential elections kicks off for expats, Ahram Online (2012)

This news article says that 586,802 eligible voters are expected to take part in the second round of the elections, who they have until 9 June to cast their vote.

Egypt election results show opinion poll failures, Ahram Online (2012)

Ahram Online charts show popular surveys were completely off-target when it came to predicting the true levels of support for the country's main presidential contenders.

Egypt election boycott gains momentum, LA Times (2012)

This news article says a movement to boycott this week's runoff presidential election is gaining momentum, threatening Egypt's restive transition to democracy and revealing a sharpening disdain by voters over the choice between a conservative Islamist and a holdover from the old guard.

Supreme court rules Egypt's lower house be dissolved, BBC (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's supreme court has ordered that parliament's lower house be dissolved following a ruling that last year's election was unconstitutional. It has ruled that a third of seats elected under the "first-past-the-post" system were "illegitimate". In a separate ruling, the court has decided that former Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq can continue to run for president in elections this weekend.

Egypt's military grants itself sweeping powers, BBC (2012)

This news article says that Egypt's ruling military has issued a declaration granting itself sweeping powers, as the country awaits results of presidential elections. The document by the Supreme Council of Armed Forces (Scaf) says new general elections cannot be held until a permanent constitution is drawn up. It also gives the Scaf legislative control.

Egypt presidential election votes cast on final day, BBC (2012)

This news article is about counting the votes after a second and final day of elections for Egypty's first president since Hosni Mubarak was forced from office in 2011.

Egypt Islamists claim presidency as army tightens grip, Reuters (2012)

Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood said on Monday 18 June its candidate won the country's first free presidential election, but a sweeping legal maneuver overnight by Cairo's military rulers made clear the generals planned to keep control for now. The Brotherhood put Morsy ahead by 52 percent to 48 on a turnout of about 50 percent.

Mursi declared Egypt's first civilian president, but military remains in control, Ahram Online (2012)

Muslim Brotherhood's Mohamed Mursi becomes Egypt's first freely-elected, non-military head of state – but his diminished presidential authority under last week's 'constitutional addendum' raises question marks. According to the final tally, Mursi won 13,280,131 votes against 12,347,380 (a bit over 48 per cent) for Shafiq, according to the SPEC's official vote count, announced after allegations of electoral fraud – filed by both candidates' campaigns – were declared. The total number of registered voters in Egypt stands at 50,958,794. Voter turnout in the presidential runoff was 26,420,763 (nearly 52 per cent). The total number of valid ballots cast was 25,575,511, while the number of voided ballots was 843,252.

Egypt: English text of President Morsi's new Egypt Constitutional Declaration, Ahram Online (2012)

Morsi's Constitutional Declaration abrogates 17 June constitutional addendum, grants president full executive and legislative powers, puts constitution-drafting process under president's control.

Egypt protest call over President Mursi's sweeping powers, BBC (2012)

Opposition leaders in Egypt have called for large protests after President Mohammed Mursi passed a decree giving himself sweeping new powers. The decree states the president's decisions cannot be revoked by any authority - including the judiciary. It also opens the way for a retrial of people convicted of killings during Egypt's 2011 uprising which toppled President Hosni Mubarak. Mr Mursi's critics have denounced the move as a "coup against legitimacy". More details in the source link below.

Egypt constitution: First round of referendum ends, BBC News (2012)

Voting has closed in Egypt's Constitutional Referendum which saw a high rate of turnout among Egyptian citizens.

Egypt: NGOs can apply to oversee parliament polls until 15 February: SEC, Ahram Online (2013)

Egypt's Supreme Electoral Commission (SEC) gives local and international civil society groups until mid-February to apply for supervisory role in upcoming parliamentary polls.

Egypt: Draft electoral laws contradict the national charter: Constitutional Court, Ahram Online (2013)

In blow to Islamist-led Shura Council, Egypt's High Constitutional Court rules that draft legislation regulating parliamentary polls is at odds with country's new national charter. More details in the source link below.

Egypt: Court ruling suspending parliamentary polls draws mixed reactions, Ahram Online (2013)

Presidency vows to respect Administrative Court ruling suspending upcoming parliamentary polls; Opposition NSF sees decision as vindication of its calls to boycott electoral contest. Details in the source link below.