Legal and policy frameworks define the rules of the game and directly affect gender equality and women’s participation throughout the electoral process. International human rights instruments enshrine women’s right to participate in politics and elections. National constitutions and domestic legislations have an important impact on women’s participation and representation. The choice of the electoral system is also a key aspect of the legal framework, with concrete implications regarding the election of women. The adoption of TSM, including quotas, can contribute to level the playing field and can be a critical factor in increasing women’s representation in elected bodies.