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Vote Counting

Aggregate Results

VC01. What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?

VC02. What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?

VC03. What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?

VC04. Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?

VC05. What procedures are used in the initial count?

VC06. Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?

VC07. At what levels are seats allocated?

VC08. How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?

VC09. If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?

VC10. If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?

VC11. Under what conditions are ballots recounted?

VC12. If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?

VC13. If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?

VC14. If recounted, who conducts the recount?

VC15. Are preliminary results announced?

VC16. If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?

VC17. Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?

VC18. How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)

VC01

What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 1)?

a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)	65 countries (61%): Albania, American Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Kiribati, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
b. Multi-ballot (each party has own ballot, voter picks one ballot and places in envelope)	20 countries (19%): Algeria, Argentina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Djibouti, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Morocco, Norway, Réunion, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uruguay, Vanuatu,
c. Write-in ballot	7 countries (6%): Canada, Croatia, Finland, Japan, Palau, Somalia, Switzerland,
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)	43 countries (40%): Albania, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Canada, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Guyana, Hungary, India, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Sudan, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zanzibar,
e. Ability to vote for candidates within parties (personal vote)	33 countries (31%): Australia, Austria, Barbados, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cook Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Kiribati, Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Vanuatu, Zanzibar,
f. Same ballot papers used nationwide	24 countries (22%): Albania, Bahrain, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, Ghana, Nepal, Paraguay, Philippines, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Ukraine, Zanzibar,
g. Different ballots used in different constituencies	41 countries (39%): Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Romania, Réunion, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay,
h. Party symbols in color	16 countries (15%): Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Paraguay, Romania, Sierra Leone, Yemen,
i. Party symbols in black and white	17 countries (16%): Argentina, Bahamas, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Hungary, Nepal, Pakistan, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
j. Candidate photos in color	7 countries (6%): Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Ghana, Ireland, Micronesia, Federated States of, Sierra Leone,
k. Candidate photos in black and white	4 countries (3%): Benin, Colombia, Seychelles, Zanzibar,
l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names	27 countries (25%): Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Norway, Samoa, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Wallis and Futuna,
m. Organized alphabetically	20 countries (19%): Albania, Armenia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Canada, Guyana, Hungary, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Micronesia, Federated States of, Niue, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
n. Random listing (lottery)	22 countries (20%): Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, El Salvador, Fiji, Ghana, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine,
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station official	40 countries (38%): Albania, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Nepal, Netherlands, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
p. Bilingual	10 countries (9%): Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Niue, Switzerland,
q. Multilingual	4 countries (3%): Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Sri Lanka,
r. Other	21 countries (20%): Albania, Argentina, Bahamas, Belarus, Belize, Brazil, Dominica, Ecuador, Gambia, Georgia, India, Marshall Islands, Nepal, Netherlands, Pakistan, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Tuvalu, Ukraine,

VC02

What are the characteristics of ballots used at national legislative elections (Chamber 2)?

a. Single ballot (all registered parties listed)	14 countries (14%): American Samoa, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Romania, Somalia,
b. Multi-ballot (each party has own ballot, voter picks one ballot and places in envelope)	12 countries (12%): Algeria, Argentina, Cameroon, Czech Republic, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Morocco, Réunion, Switzerland, Uruguay,
c. Write-in ballot	3 countries (3%): Japan, Somalia, Switzerland,
d. Categorical (only one mark allowed)	3 countries (3%): Netherlands, Paraguay, Romania,
e. Ability to vote for candidates within parties (personal vote)	6 countries (6%): Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland,
f. Same ballot papers used nationwide	8 countries (8%): Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ireland, Paraguay, Philippines, Somalia,
g. Different ballots used in different constituencies	14 countries (14%): Australia, Belgium, Egypt, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Italy, Martinique, Netherlands, Pakistan, Romania, Réunion, Switzerland, Uruguay,
h. Party symbols in color	5 countries (5%): Bolivia, Egypt, Italy, Paraguay, Romania,
i. Party symbols in black and white	6 countries (6%): Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Somalia, Spain, Switzerland,
j. Candidate photos in color	3 countries (3%): Bolivia, Brazil, Ireland,
k. Candidate photos in black and white	1 countries (1%): Colombia,
l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names	8 countries (8%): Australia, Belarus, Chile, French Polynesia, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Pakistan, Wallis and Futuna,
m. Organized alphabetically	3 countries (3%): Belarus, Ireland, Pakistan,
n. Random listing (lottery)	6 countries (6%): Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station official	7 countries (7%): Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Japan, Netherlands, Paraguay, Somalia,
p. Bilingual	2 countries (2%): Ireland, Switzerland,
q. Multilingual	1 countries (1%): Spain,
r. Other	7 countries (7%): Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, India, Netherlands, Pakistan, Spain,
s. Not applicable	60 countries (61%): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Niue, Norway, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Yemen, Zanzibar,

VC03

What are the characteristics of ballots used at presidential elections?

a. Single ballot (all registered parties/candidates listed)	37 countries (37%): American Samoa, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Guyana, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
b. Multi-ballot (each party has own ballot, voter picks one ballot and places in envelope)	17 countries (17%): Algeria, Argentina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, New Caledonia, Réunion, Sudan, Tunisia, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna,
c. Write-in ballot	6 countries (6%): Benin, Brazil, Croatia, Finland, Somalia, Turkey,
d. Categorical (only possible to make one mark)	29 countries (29%): Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Guyana, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sudan, Ukraine, Zanzibar,
e. Ability to vote for candidates within parties (personal vote)	6 countries (6%): France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion, Zanzibar,
f. Same ballot papers used nation-wide	39 countries (39%): Austria, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, French Guiana, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Martinique, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, Zanzibar,
g. Different ballot used in different constituencies	5 countries (5%): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Korea, Republic of, Romania, Uruguay,
h. Party symbols in color	13 countries (13%): Benin, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ghana, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Paraguay, Romania, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Sudan, Yemen,
i. Party symbols in black or white	6 countries (6%): Argentina, Guyana, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Yemen, Zanzibar,
j. Candidate photos in color	10 countries (10%): Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Ghana, Ireland, Sierra Leone,
k. Candidate photos in black and white	4 countries (4%): Paraguay, Portugal, Seychelles, Zanzibar,
l. No photos or logos, only party and/or candidate names	16 countries (16%): Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Maldives, Martinique, Pakistan, Réunion, Ukraine,
m. Organized alphabetically	13 countries (13%): Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Guyana, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, Zanzibar,
n. Random listing (lottery)	12 countries (12%): Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ghana, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Portugal, Slovenia,
o. Ballots signed or otherwise authenticated by polling station officials	15 countries (15%): Armenia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Djibouti, El Salvador, Finland, Georgia, Guyana, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Ukraine,
p. Bilingual	4 countries (4%): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, Georgia, Ireland,
q. Multilingual	3 countries (3%): Russian Federation, Slovenia, Sri Lanka,
r. Other	11 countries (11%): Argentina, Belarus, Ecuador, Gambia, Georgia, Micronesia, Federated States of, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Ukraine, Vanuatu,
s. Not Applicable	33 countries (33%): Albania, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Fiji, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,

VC04

Following the close of the voting, where are the votes first sorted and counted?

a. At the polling stations	149 countries (78%): Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Moldova, Republic of, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Zambia, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe,
b. At the polling centre	8 countries (4%): Albania, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Georgia, Gibraltar, Guam, Jordan, Yemen,
c. At special counting centres	29 countries (15%): Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Botswana, Egypt, Fiji, Gambia, Iceland, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Micronesia, Federated States of, Namibia, Nepal, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Saint Helena, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
d. Other	4 countries (2%): Anguilla, Brazil, Canada, Monaco,

VC05

What procedures are used in the initial count?

a. Separate ballots for different elections	37 countries (38%): Albania, Armenia, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Réunion, Slovenia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zanzibar,
b. Preliminary count of all ballots in ballot box	67 countries (69%): Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, India, Ireland, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Morocco, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen, Zanzibar,
c. Tally of voters who voted	57 countries (59%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
d. Number of ballots in box reconciled against number of voters	70 countries (72%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sudan, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna,
e. Number of ballots reconciled against ballots initially received (minus spoilt and unused)	53 countries (55%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, French Polynesia, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
f. Each ballot paper held up for public scrutiny, with name of party/candidate called out loud	48 countries (50%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Djibouti, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna,
g. Single tallying as voters are being called out	13 countries (13%): American Samoa, Argentina, Barbados, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyana, Niue, Palestine, Paraguay, Tonga, Tunisia,
h. Double tallying as voters are being called out	13 countries (13%): Bolivia, Chile, Germany, Guyana, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Tuvalu, Vanuatu,
i. Tallying by party representative and/or observers as votes are being called out	19 countries (19%): Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Chile, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Iceland, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Réunion, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Slovenia, Somalia, Vanuatu,
j. Sorted into piles according to individual party/candidate	58 countries (60%): American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Réunion, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Yemen,
k. Counted by machine	8 countries (8%): Belgium, Gambia, Germany, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Netherlands, Switzerland, Venezuela,
l. Counted by hand	80 countries (83%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zanzibar,
m. Sorted by party list	20 countries (20%): Armenia, Australia, Austria, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, Colombia, Georgia, Germany, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Norway, Paraguay, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Uruguay,
n. Transfer ballots from party/candidate with least support to second preference	4 countries (4%): Australia, Fiji, Ireland, Switzerland,
o. Data fed into computer for calculation	25 countries (26%): Albania, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Guadeloupe, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovakia, Switzerland, Tonga,
p. Copies of results of the count are publicly posted at the counting site immediately on the completion of the count	40 countries (41%): Armenia, Austria, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen, Zanzibar,
q. Copies of results are provided to observers	27 countries (28%): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Chile, Gambia, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Russian Federation, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
r. Observers and party agents are permitted to take their own copies of the results	33 countries (34%): Albania, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Belgium, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Fiji, Guyana, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Samoa, Seychelles, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
s. Copies of results are provided to party agents	29 countries (30%): Argentina, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Gambia, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Nigeria, Niue, Palestine, Paraguay, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Turkey, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Yemen,
t. Other	11 countries (11%): Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, Fiji, Finland, Germany, India, Lithuania, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sri Lanka,

VC06

Following the sorting and counting, to where are the results first transmitted for consolidation?

a. Polling centre (several polling stations in same building)	10 countries (9%): Austria, Bangladesh, Ghana, Morocco, Nepal, Palestine, Somalia, Turkey, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
b. Sub-district level	8 countries (7%): Bahrain, Belarus, Cameroon, Croatia, Czech Republic, Guyana, Netherlands, Nigeria,
c. District level	33 countries (32%): Albania, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Dominica, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Italy, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Norway, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Wallis and Futuna,
d. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)	29 countries (28%): Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, Djibouti, Finland, French Polynesia, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
e. National level	28 countries (27%): Algeria, American Samoa, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Gambia, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Niue, Palestine, Samoa, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu,
f. Other	9 countries (8%): Belize, Ecuador, Niger, Philippines, Seychelles, Sweden, Tunisia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela,

VC07

At what levels are seats allocated?

a. Sub-district level	3 countries (3%): Austria, Bangladesh, Yemen,
b. District level	30 countries (30%): American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Dominica, French Polynesia, Georgia, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niger, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Timor-Leste, Wallis and Futuna,
c. Regional level (specify whether it is constituency/ province/ state/ department/other)	52 countries (53%): Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Germany, Guadeloupe, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Nepal, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Réunion, Samoa, Slovenia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Zanzibar,
d. National level	33 countries (34%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Barbados, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Colombia, El Salvador, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Netherlands, Niue, Paraguay, Romania, Russian Federation, Samoa, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela,
e. Other	4 countries (4%): Bolivia, Ecuador, Ghana, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
f. Not applicable	2 countries (2%): Nigeria, Sierra Leone,

VC08

How are the initial/preliminary polling results transmitted and communicated to the different levels?

a. Physically transported	65 countries (62%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominica, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, Hungary, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia, Zanzibar,
b. By telephone	41 countries (39%): American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, El Salvador, Finland, France, French Guiana, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Martinique, Nepal, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Zanzibar,
c. By fax	46 countries (44%): Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, El Salvador, Fiji, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uruguay, Wallis and Futuna, Zambia, Zanzibar,
d. Telex/Telegraph	7 countries (6%): Argentina, Côte d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Guyana, Portugal, Russian Federation, Tuvalu,
e. Radio	11 countries (10%): Bahamas, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Nepal, Niger, Norway, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Timor-Leste,
f. By computer	23 countries (22%): Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Finland, France, French Guiana, Germany, Guadeloupe, Hungary, India, Martinique, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Réunion, Slovakia, Timor-Leste, Uruguay,
g. Internet	12 countries (11%): Bermuda, Chile, Costa Rica, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Spain, Sweden,
h. Other	13 countries (12%): Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Canada, Djibouti, Ecuador, Ireland, Jamaica, Marshall Islands, Portugal, Somalia, Venezuela, Zambia,

VC09

If the polling results are physically transported, what is transported?

a. Ballots	35 countries (39%): Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Hungary, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Zanzibar,
b. Unused and spoiled ballots	37 countries (42%): Australia, Bahamas, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, French Polynesia, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Timor-Leste, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Zanzibar,
c. Counterfoils of used ballots	17 countries (19%): Australia, Bahamas, Belgium, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, El Salvador, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Micronesia, Federated States of, Pakistan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zanzibar,
d. Voter rolls	30 countries (34%): Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Belgium, Canada, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Zanzibar,
e. Tendered ballots	14 countries (15%): Australia, Bahamas, Cape Verde, El Salvador, Japan, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Pakistan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zanzibar,
f. Certificate of result	62 countries (70%): Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominica, Egypt, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Hungary, Japan, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
g. Ballot boxes	27 countries (30%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Canada, Cape Verde, Dominica, Ghana, Iceland, India, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Zanzibar,
h. Other	14 countries (15%): Albania, Canada, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Niger, Paraguay, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Somalia, Vanuatu, Yemen,
i. Not applicable	14 countries (15%): American Samoa, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gambia, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Ukraine,

VC10

If the polling results are physically transported, what security measures are used?

a. No security measures	6 countries (6%): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovakia, Sudan, Tonga, Tunisia,
b. Tamper proof bags	11 countries (11%): Australia, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Timor-Leste, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
c. Signatures on sealed envelopes	40 countries (42%): Albania, Australia, Bahamas, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, El Salvador, Finland, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Martinique, Netherlands, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Réunion, Seychelles, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Ukraine, Vanuatu,
d. Transported in boxes sealed with numbered seals	21 countries (22%): Albania, Algeria, Bahamas, Benin, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Dominica, Georgia, Germany, Japan, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Norway, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Timor-Leste,
e. Accompanied by election officials	42 countries (44%): Albania, Australia, Bahamas, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Finland, Germany, Guyana, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yemen, Zanzibar,
f. Accompanied by party representatives	16 countries (17%): Albania, Argentina, Bulgaria, Canada, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, El Salvador, Guyana, India, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Nigeria, Philippines, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Timor-Leste, Ukraine, Uruguay,
g. Accompanied by military personnel	9 countries (9%): Brazil, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Guyana, Pakistan, Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, Uruguay,
h. Accompanied by police or other security personnel	36 countries (38%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Iceland, India, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Réunion, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna,
i. Accompanied by observers	8 countries (8%): Albania, Brazil, Guyana, Japan, Nigeria, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Zanzibar,
j. Other	7 countries (7%): Argentina, Dominica, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Niue, Samoa,
k. Not applicable	14 countries (14%): American Samoa, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Denmark, Gambia, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Turkey,

VC11

Under what conditions are ballots recounted?

a. Never recounted	11 countries (6%): Angola, Costa Rica, Croatia, Israel, Lebanon, Mali, Niger, Panama, Paraguay, Romania, Venezuela,
b. Always recounted	20 countries (11%): Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bolivia, Cook Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Grenada, New Zealand, Niue, Peru, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Sweden, Uzbekistan,
c. Automatically (triggered) recounted under certain conditions	25 countries (14%): Canada, El Salvador, Eritrea, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Fiji, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Guam, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Martinique, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Norway, Réunion, Slovakia, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Wallis and Futuna,
d. By request	99 countries (55%): Albania, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Fiji, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mexico, Micronesia, Federated States of, Moldova, Republic of, Mongolia, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Helena, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Zambia, Zanzibar,
e. Court order	58 countries (32%): Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Fiji, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guyana, Ireland, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, New Caledonia, Palestine, Portugal, Russian Federation, Réunion, Samoa, Seychelles, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Swaziland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
f. Other	26 countries (14%): Albania, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belize, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Germany, Hungary, Iraq, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Palestine, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, San Marino, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Tanzania, United Republic of, Togo, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
g. Not applicable	9 countries (5%): Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen,

VC12

If automatically recounted, what is the trigger?

a. Closeness of results	16 countries (15%): Canada, Côte d'Ivoire, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guam, Hungary, Iceland, Liberia, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Niue, Réunion, Tuvalu, Zanzibar,
c. Legislative formula or regulation	10 countries (9%): Algeria, Cameroon, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Italy, Norway, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Switzerland,
d. Other	3 countries (2%): New Caledonia, Slovakia, Wallis and Futuna,
e. Not applicable	76 countries (72%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guyana, India, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen,

VC13

If ballots are recounted by request, who can make the request?

a. Political parties	34 countries (33%): Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Fiji, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Lithuania, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Zanzibar,
b. An individual candidate	59 countries (58%): Albania, American Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Japan, Lithuania, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Réunion, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Vanuatu, Zanzibar,
c. Election officials	24 countries (23%): Armenia, Australia, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia, Fiji, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Guyana, India, Lithuania, Martinique, Netherlands, Palestine, Russian Federation, Réunion, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tuvalu, Ukraine,
d. Domestic observers	7 countries (6%): Argentina, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Georgia, Lithuania, Switzerland,
e. International observers	5 countries (4%): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Ghana, India, Lithuania,
f. Other	19 countries (18%): Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Colombia, Fiji, Gambia, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Netherlands, Nigeria, Niue, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Suriname, Switzerland, Vanuatu,
g. Not applicable	32 countries (31%): Algeria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, French Polynesia, Germany, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, New Caledonia, Norway, Paraguay, Philippines, Romania, Saint Lucia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,

VC14

If recounted, who conducts the recount?

a. National Election Management body	36 countries (36%): Algeria, American Samoa, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Georgia, Guyana, Hungary, Lithuania, Micronesia, Federated States of, Nepal, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, Samoa, Seychelles, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Ukraine, Zanzibar,
b. Regional Election Management body	20 countries (20%): Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Fiji, Finland, Germany, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Lithuania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, Uruguay, Zanzibar,
c. Local Election Management body	30 countries (30%): Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Martinique, New Caledonia, Norway, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Ukraine, Wallis and Futuna, Zanzibar,
d. National Government agency (specify)	2 countries (2%): Djibouti, Tuvalu,
e. Regional Government agency (specify)	1 countries (1%): Switzerland,
f. Local Government agency (specify)	2 countries (2%): Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
h. Courts	22 countries (22%): Albania, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Hungary, India, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Martinique, Pakistan, Portugal, Réunion, Samoa, Slovakia, Vanuatu,
i. Other	10 countries (10%): Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Dominica, India, Ireland, Marshall Islands, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Sri Lanka,
j. Not applicable	14 countries (14%): Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Paraguay, Romania, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Tunisia, Venezuela, Yemen,

VC15

Are preliminary results announced?

a. Yes

71 countries (75%): Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, French Guiana, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, Morocco, Netherlands, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yemen,

b. No

23 countries (24%): Barbados, Belize, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Fiji, French Polynesia, Gambia, India, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, Maldives, Nepal, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Zanzibar,

VC16

If preliminary results are announced, how long after the close of polls is this done?

a. hours:	Algeria: X American Samoa: 1 Argentina: 2 Armenia: 28 or 22 Australia: X Austria: 2 Bahamas: * Bahrain: X Bangladesh: X Belarus: 4 to 8 Belgium: 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina: 12 Botswana: 10 Brazil: During the same day. Bulgaria: 8 Cambodia: within 24 hours Canada: 1 Cape Verde: 4 Chile: 4 Colombia: Hours, it depends on the type of scrutiny. Costa Rica: two or three hours Croatia: 5-6 hours Denmark: X Djibouti: X Dominica: * Dominican Republic: Within the 48 hours after the closing of voting. Ecuador: 6 horas (1° vuelta) ; 2 1/2 (2° vuelta) Egypt: directly El Salvador: 2 Eritrea: x Ethiopia: x Finland: 3 Germany: X Guadeloupe: X Guatemala: 6 Guyana: 8 Honduras: 1-2 hours Hungary: 5 Iceland: X Italy: 7 Japan: a few hours Jordan: few Kenya: 12 Latvia: 7 Lebanon: Few hours Lesotho: X Lithuania: 7 Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of: 5 (district election commission) and 48 (state election commission) Mauritius: Sixteen Mexico: 2 Micronesia, Federated States of: Same evening Morocco: X Namibia: X Netherlands: 2 Nicaragua: eight hours Niue: As soon as the counting is finished Norway: 6 Papua New Guinea: 2-3 hours Paraguay: 4 - 5 Philippines: 1-2 hours Portugal: 3 Puerto Rico: 2-3 Russian Federation: 15 Saint Lucia: * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 1 to 5 hours Samoa: x Senegal: 30 heures(pour les résultats départementaux) Slovakia: X Slovenia: 0-1 Somalia: x Spain: 2 Sweden: X Switzerland: 6 Tanzania, United Republic of: x Turkey: 24 hours Uganda: X Ukraine: 1 Uruguay: X Yemen: X
b. days:	Albania: 2 Bolivia: up to 20 days later / hasta 20 días más tarde Georgia: 10 Madagascar: 20 Marshall Islands: 2-3 Mozambique: 7 Palestine: 1-2 Poland: 3 Senegal: 5 jours(pour les résultats nationaux) Togo: 8 jours .
c. weeks:	Burkina Faso: 1
d. Not applicable	Barbados: Na Belize: * Benin: OUI Côte d'Ivoire: Sans objet Fiji: preliminary results are not announced French Polynesia: X Gambia: not applicable Ghana: After counting India: Na Korea, Republic of: X Maldives: X Nepal: X New Caledonia: X Nigeria: Na Pakistan: Na Panama: * Seychelles: X Sierra Leone: Na South Africa: Na Sri Lanka: X Sudan: X Timor-Leste: Na Tunisia: X United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Na Venezuela: Na Wallis and Futuna: X Yemen: X Zanzibar: Not applicable Zimbabwe: X

VC17

Is there a legal requirement for the declaration of the officially certified results?

a. Yes	79 countries (80%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Micronesia, Federated States of, New Caledonia, Niue, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
b. No	17 countries (17%): Bahamas, Barbados, Benin, Colombia, Italy, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Zanzibar,
c. Not applicable	2 countries (2%): Bahrain, Tunisia,

VC18

How long after the close of polls is the certified results publicly announced? (if there is no legal requirement enter the average time)

a. hours:	37 countries (37%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, France, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gambia, Guadeloupe, Korea, Republic of, Martinique, Morocco, Nepal, New Caledonia, Réunion, Saint Lucia, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Switzerland, Tonga, Tunisia, Tuvalu, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Wallis and Futuna, Yemen,
b. days:	51 countries (51%): Albania, American Samoa, Argentina, Australia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominica, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Guyana, Iceland, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Micronesia, Federated States of, Netherlands, Nigeria, Niue, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Romania, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Zanzibar,
c. weeks:	11 countries (11%): Austria, Benin, El Salvador, Germany, Hungary, Marshall Islands, Niger, Norway, Paraguay, Russian Federation, Seychelles,

May 20, 2008 02:11 AM

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