Democracia directa —
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Direct Democracy

Aggregate Results
DD02

¿Cuáles formas de democracia directa existen actualmente a nivel nacional?

a. Referendo mandatorio 82 countries (59%): Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Croatia, Cuba, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Iraq, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Republic of, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Moldova, Republic of, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
b. Referendo optativo 74 countries (53%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, Congo (Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Republic of, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Norway, Palestine, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen,
c. Iniciativa ciudadana 36 countries (26%): Albania, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Georgia, Guatemala, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malta, Niger, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, San Marino, Slovakia, Switzerland, Taiwan, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela,
d. Propuesta legislativa ciudadana 20 countries (14%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Peru, San Marino, Spain, Togo, Uruguay,
e. Revocatoria 18 countries (13%): Belarus, Benin, Colombia, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Niger, Peru, Romania, Senegal, Slovakia, Taiwan, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela,
f. Ninguno 20 countries (14%): Anguilla, Belgium, Belize, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Jamaica, Korea, Democratic People's Republic of, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Mauritius, Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab Emirates,
DD03

¿Cuál es la base legal para el referendo mandatorio a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 59 countries (64%): Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia,
b. Legislación específica 23 countries (25%): Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Benin, Botswana, Croatia, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Peru, Russian Federation, Somalia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Zambia,
c. Regulaciones 5 countries (5%): Liberia, Malawi, Russian Federation, Switzerland, Uruguay,
d. Otro 1 countries (1%): Russian Federation,
e. No aplicable 30 countries (32%): Albania, Anguilla, Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Mongolia, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
DD04

¿Cuál es la base legal para el referendo optativo a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 57 countries (64%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela,
b. Legislación específica 33 countries (37%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malta, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela,
c. Regulaciones 4 countries (4%): Russian Federation, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
d. Otro 3 countries (3%): Denmark, Ecuador, Russian Federation,
e. No aplicable 24 countries (26%): Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Botswana, Cambodia, Comoros, Eritrea, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Poland, Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Zambia,
DD05

¿Cuál es la base legal para la iniciativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 24 countries (27%): Albania, Belarus, Bolivia, Cape Verde, Colombia, Ecuador, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Switzerland, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela,
b. Legislación específica 17 countries (19%): Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Eritrea, Georgia, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malta, Niger, Poland, Russian Federation, Switzerland, Ukraine,
c. Regulaciones 6 countries (6%): Liberia, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Switzerland, Uruguay,
d. Otro 4 countries (4%): Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Russian Federation,
e. No aplicable 54 countries (61%): Algeria, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Comoros, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen, Zambia,
DD06

¿Cuál es la base legal para la propuesta legislativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 17 countries (20%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Ecuador, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Peru, Spain, Togo,
b. Legislación específica 12 countries (14%): Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Colombia, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Peru, Spain,
c. Regulaciones 3 countries (3%): Liberia, Niger, Senegal,
d. Otro 2 countries (2%): Côte d'Ivoire, Niger,
e. No aplicable 61 countries (72%): Algeria, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Comoros, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia,
DD07

¿Cuál es la base legal para la revocatoria a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 17 countries (19%): Albania, Belarus, Benin, Colombia, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Mali, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Senegal, Uganda, Venezuela,
b. Legislación específica 8 countries (9%): Belarus, Colombia, Croatia, Liechtenstein, Peru, Slovakia, Togo, Ukraine,
c. Regulaciones 0 countries (0%):
d. Otro 1 countries (1%): Gambia,
e. No aplicable 65 countries (75%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Comoros, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Malta, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia,
DD08

¿Cuál es la base legal de los requisitos administrativos que se exigen para el referendo mandatorio a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 35 countries (47%): Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Poland, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia,
b. Legislación específica 29 countries (39%): Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Somalia, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia,
c. Regulaciones 6 countries (8%): Estonia, Liberia, Malawi, Switzerland, Uganda, Uruguay,
d. Otro 1 countries (1%): Colombia,
e. No aplicable 24 countries (32%): Albania, Anguilla, Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Palestine, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
DD09

¿Cuál es la base legal de los requisitos administrativos que se exigen para el referendo optativo a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 30 countries (41%): Albania, Algeria, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Estonia, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Niger, Palestine, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, South Africa, Sudan, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Yemen,
b. Legislación específica 36 countries (50%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Yemen,
c. Regulaciones 5 countries (6%): Estonia, Peru, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
d. Otro 1 countries (1%): Colombia,
e. No aplicable 23 countries (31%): Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Cambodia, Eritrea, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Poland, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Zambia,
DD10

¿Cuál es la base legal de los requisitos administrativos que se exigen para la iniciativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 14 countries (18%): Albania, Ecuador, Georgia, Ghana, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay,
b. Legislación specífica 21 countries (27%): Albania, Belarus, Benin, Colombia, Croatia, Eritrea, Georgia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Venezuela,
c. Regulaciones 4 countries (5%): Niger, Senegal, Switzerland, Uruguay,
d. Otro 1 countries (1%): Liberia,
e. No aplicable 49 countries (63%): Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen, Zambia,
DD100

¿Qué restricciones existen respecto a la recolección de firmas para una iniciativa legislativa ciudadana?

a. Se prohíbe que los recolectores paguen por las firmas 4 countries (8%): Argentina, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Niger,
b. Se prohíbe pagar por las firmas 9 countries (19%): Albania, Argentina, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Senegal,
c. Se requiere que los recolectores sean electores registrados 3 countries (6%): Burkina Faso, Niger, Uganda,
d. Se requiere que los recolectores manifiesten si reciben un pago o lo hacen de manera voluntaria 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
e. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (2%): Belarus,
f. No aplicable 35 countries (76%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD101

¿Qué restricciones existen respecto a la recolección de firmas para una revocatoria?

a. Se prohíbe que los recolectores paguen por las firmas 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
b. Se prohíbe pagar por las firmas 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
c. Se requiere que los recolectores sean electores registrados 3 countries (6%): Belarus, Uganda, Ukraine,
d. Se requiere que los recolectores manifiesten si reciben un pago o lo hacen de manera voluntaria 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
e. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (4%): Belarus, Ukraine,
f. No aplicable 44 countries (91%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Palestine, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Yemen,
DD102

¿Qué tipo de controles se aplican para verificar las firmas por un referendo?

a. Se revisan todas las firmas 12 countries (26%): Benin, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mali, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Togo, Uganda,
b. Se revisa una muestra de las firmas 7 countries (15%): Belarus, Latvia, Liberia, Portugal, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Switzerland,
c. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (6%): Albania, Netherlands, Ukraine,
d. No aplicable 24 countries (52%): Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Estonia, Gambia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Niger, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Yemen,
DD103

¿Qué tipo de controles se aplican para verificar las firmas por una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Se revisan todas las firmas 15 countries (29%): Austria, Benin, Finland, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mali, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Senegal, Spain, Togo, Uganda,
b. Se revisa una muestra de las firmas 6 countries (11%): Argentina, Belarus, Liberia, Portugal, Russian Federation, Switzerland,
c. Otro (especificar) 4 countries (7%): Albania, Georgia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Ukraine,
d. No aplicable 27 countries (52%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Latvia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Yemen,
DD104

¿Qué tipo de controles se aplican para verificar las firmas para una revocatoria?

a. Se revisan todas las firmas 7 countries (13%): Côte d'Ivoire, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mauritius, Niger, Peru, Uganda,
b. Se revisa una muestra de las firmas 2 countries (3%): Belarus, Liberia,
c. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (1%): Ukraine,
d. No aplicable 41 countries (80%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chile, Croatia, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Yemen,
DD105

¿Quién es responsable de revisar las firmas?

a. La autoridad responsable de administrar el mecanismo de democracia directa 16 countries (34%): Albania, Belarus, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Switzerland, Uganda, Ukraine,
b. Una dependencia del gobierno (especificar) 3 countries (6%): Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal,
c. Autoridades locales 4 countries (8%): Austria, Croatia, Finland, Switzerland,
d. Otro (especificar) 10 countries (21%): Argentina, Benin, Burkina Faso, Georgia, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Togo,
e. No aplicable 17 countries (36%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Morocco, Palestine, Romania, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Yemen,
DD106

¿Qué organizaciones son responsables de llevar a cabo campañas de información o educación a los electores de carácter no partidista sobre los temas abordados en el referendo?

a. Autoridad responsable de la administración de los mecanismos de democracia directa 32 countries (62%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Eritrea, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Peru, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
b. Una dependencia de gobierno 3 countries (5%): Chile, Netherlands, Togo,
f. Otro (especificar) 11 countries (21%): Benin, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sierra Leone, Sweden, Togo, Uruguay,
g. No aplicable 9 countries (17%): Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Lithuania, Tunisia,
DD107

¿Qué organizaciones son responsables de llevar a cabo campañas de información o educación a los electores de carácter no partidista sobre los temas abordados en la iniciativa?

a. Autoridad responsable de la administración de los mecanismos de democracia directa 16 countries (32%): Albania, Belarus, Eritrea, Gambia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Peru, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Switzerland, Ukraine,
e. Electores registrados 2 countries (4%): Benin, Togo,
f. Otro (especificar) 9 countries (18%): Argentina, Benin, Croatia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Togo, Uruguay,
g. No aplicable 25 countries (51%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Lesotho, Lithuania, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
DD108

¿Qué organizaciones son responsables de llevar a cabo campañas de información o educación a los electores de carácter no partidista sobre los temas abordados en la revocatoria?

DD109

¿Qué actividades forman parte de las campañas de información y educación electoral para un referendo?

a. Cuadernillos informativos 31 countries (58%): Albania, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Netherlands, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
b. Trípticos o volantes 22 countries (41%): Albania, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Croatia, Eritrea, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sweden, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
c. Transmisiones radiales 33 countries (62%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Netherlands, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
d. Transmisiones por televisión 33 countries (62%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Netherlands, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
e. Inserciones de prensa 31 countries (58%): Armenia, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Netherlands, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Yemen,
f. Página en internet 21 countries (39%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Greece, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Netherlands, Niger, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland,
g. Otro(especificar) 10 countries (18%): Armenia, Botswana, Gambia, Poland, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay,
h. Ninguno 5 countries (9%): Benin, Lithuania, Peru, Romania, Sudan,
i. No aplicable 8 countries (15%): Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Cambodia, Egypt, Latvia, Palestine, Tunisia,
DD11

¿Cuál es la base legal de los requisitos administrativos que se exigen para la propuesta legislativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 8 countries (10%): Albania, Argentina, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Togo, Uruguay,
b. Legislación específica 11 countries (14%): Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Colombia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Peru,
c. Regulaciones 2 countries (2%): Niger, Senegal,
d. Otro 2 countries (2%): Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia,
e. No aplicable 56 countries (75%): Algeria, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia,
DD110

¿Qué actividades forman parte de las campañas de información y educación electoral para una iniciativa?

a. Cuadernillos informativos 14 countries (28%): Albania, Croatia, Eritrea, Gambia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Switzerland, Togo,
b. Trípticos o volantes 8 countries (16%): Albania, Croatia, Eritrea, Gambia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Somalia, Togo,
c. Transmisiones radiales 13 countries (26%): Albania, Belarus, Croatia, Eritrea, Gambia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Togo,
d. Transmisiones por televisión 13 countries (26%): Albania, Belarus, Croatia, Eritrea, Gambia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Togo,
e. Inserciones de prensa 12 countries (24%): Belarus, Croatia, Eritrea, Gambia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Togo,
f. Página en internet 11 countries (22%): Albania, Belarus, Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Switzerland, Togo,
g. Otro(especificar) 4 countries (8%): Gambia, Poland, Ukraine, Uruguay,
h. Ninguno 6 countries (12%): Argentina, Benin, Lithuania, Peru, Romania, Sudan,
i. No aplicable 26 countries (52%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Latvia, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
DD111

¿Qué actividades forman parte de las campañas de información y educación electoral para una revocatoria?

a. Cuadernillos informativos 6 countries (12%): Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Niger, Peru,
b. Trípticos o volantes 4 countries (8%): Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Peru,
c. Transmisiones radiales 5 countries (10%): Belarus, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Peru,
d. Transmisiones por televisión 6 countries (12%): Belarus, Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Peru,
e. Inserciones de prensa 5 countries (10%): Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Peru,
f. Página en internet 6 countries (12%): Belarus, Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Peru,
g. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (2%): Gambia,
h. Ninguno 4 countries (8%): Lithuania, Romania, Sudan, Ukraine,
i. No aplicable 39 countries (78%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Latvia, Lesotho, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Yemen,
DD112

¿Cuáles de los siguientes controles se aplican en relación a las campañas en favor o en contra de los temas abordados en un referendo?

a. Registro obligatorio de los grupos que realizan actos de campaña 13 countries (25%): Armenia, Belarus, Eritrea, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Portugal, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
b. Límites de gastos 8 countries (15%): Armenia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Portugal, Russian Federation, Somalia, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
c. Límites de contribuciones 6 countries (11%): Armenia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
d. Restricciones sobre el origen de las contribuciones 11 countries (21%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Estonia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
e. Revelación pública de las fuentes de financiamiento 17 countries (33%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Estonia, Gambia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Togo, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
f. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (3%): Albania, Russian Federation,
g. Ninguno 21 countries (41%): Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Switzerland, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yemen,
h. No aplicable 10 countries (19%): Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Liechtenstein, Palestine, Tunisia,
DD113

¿Cuáles de los siguientes controles se aplican en relación a las campañas en favor o en contra de los temas abordados en una iniciativa?

a. Registro obligatorio de los grupos que realizan actos de campaña 8 countries (16%): Belarus, Eritrea, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia,
b. Límites de gastos 5 countries (10%): Argentina, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Russian Federation, Somalia,
c. Límites de contribuciones 4 countries (8%): Argentina, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Russian Federation,
d. Restricciones sobre el origen de las contribuciones 7 countries (14%): Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Russian Federation, Somalia,
e. Revelación pública de las fuentes de financiamiento 11 countries (22%): Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Gambia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Togo,
f. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (6%): Albania, Russian Federation, Togo,
g. Ninguno 9 countries (18%): Benin, Croatia, Finland, Lithuania, Peru, Poland, Sudan, Ukraine, Uruguay,
h. No aplicable 26 countries (54%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Estonia, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Seychelles, South Africa, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD114

¿Cuáles de los siguientes controles se aplican en relación a las campañas en favor o en contra de los temas abordados en una revocatoria?

a. Registro obligatorio de los grupos que realizan actos de campaña 2 countries (4%): Belarus, Niger,
c. Límites de contribuciones 1 countries (2%): Niger,
d. Restricciones sobre el origen de las contribuciones 1 countries (2%): Niger,
e. Revelación pública de las fuentes de financiamiento 3 countries (6%): Gambia, Mali, Niger,
g. Ninguno 5 countries (10%): Croatia, Peru, Romania, Sudan, Ukraine,
h. No aplicable 38 countries (80%): Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Yemen,
DD115

¿Cuál es el periodo durante el que se aplican estos controles para un referendo?

DD116

¿Cuál es el periodo durante el que se aplican estos controles para una iniciativa?

DD117

¿Cuál es el periodo durante el que se aplican estos controles para una revocatoria?

DD118

¿Quiénes tienen derecho a algún tipo de subsidio público para sus campañas para un referendo? Marque y especifique lo procedente en la sección de comentarios.

a. Una sola organización designada por cada contraparte 4 countries (8%): Mali, Niger, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
b. Solo ciertas organizaciones de campaña 9 countries (18%): Eritrea, Finland, Lithuania, Mali, Netherlands, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Uganda,
c. Todas las organizaciones de campaña 8 countries (16%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Portugal, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Turkey, Ukraine,
d. Ninguna organización que realice campaña 15 countries (31%): Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Romania, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Yemen,
e. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (6%): Estonia, Ukraine, Uruguay,
f. No aplicable 12 countries (25%): Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Benin, Cambodia, Egypt, Gambia, Palestine, Peru, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia,
DD119

¿Quiénes tienen derecho a algún tipo de subsidio público para sus campañas para una iniciativa? Marque y especifique lo procedente en la sección de comentarios.

a. Una sola organización designada por cada contraparte 3 countries (6%): Madagascar, Mali, Niger,
b. Solo ciertas organizaciones de campaña 7 countries (15%): Chile, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal,
c. Todas las organizaciones de campaña 3 countries (6%): Albania, Belarus, Ukraine,
d. Ninguna organización que realice campaña 6 countries (13%): Burkina Faso, Croatia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Sudan,
e. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (4%): Ukraine, Uruguay,
f. No aplicable 29 countries (63%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Lesotho, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD12

¿Cuál es la base legal de los requisitos administrativos que se exigen para la revocatoria a nivel nacional?

a. Constitucional 11 countries (13%): Benin, Colombia, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Liechtenstein, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Venezuela,
b. Legislación específica 11 countries (13%): Belarus, Colombia, Croatia, Liechtenstein, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Slovakia, Togo, Ukraine,
c. Regulaciones 1 countries (1%): Peru,
d. Otro 2 countries (2%): Gambia, Liberia,
e. No aplicable 59 countries (74%): Albania, Algeria, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Yemen, Zambia,
DD120

¿Quiénes tienen derecho a algún tipo de subsidio público para sus campañas para una revocatoria? Marque y especifique lo procedente en la sección de comentarios.

b. Solo ciertas organizaciones de campaña 1 countries (2%): Somalia,
c. Todas las organizaciones de campaña 2 countries (4%): Belarus, Ukraine,
d. Ninguna organización que realice campaña 5 countries (10%): Croatia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Romania, Sudan,
e. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (2%): Ukraine,
f. No aplicable 39 countries (82%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Palestine, Peru, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Yemen,
DD121

¿Qué formas de subsidio público son las que se brindan para un referendo? Marque y especifique lo procedente en la sección de comentarios

a. Apoyo financiero 9 countries (17%): Belarus, Finland, Madagascar, Netherlands, Seychelles, Somalia, Sweden, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
b. Acceso gratuito a los medios 20 countries (38%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Chile, Eritrea, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
c. Espacio gratuito para publicaciones 7 countries (13%): Eritrea, Liechtenstein, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Switzerland, Uganda,
d. Franquicia postal 3 countries (5%): Eritrea, Somalia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
e. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (5%): Morocco, Portugal, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
f. Ninguno 12 countries (23%): Botswana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Latvia, Lesotho, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Peru, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Uruguay,
g. No aplicable 13 countries (25%): Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Gambia, Palestine, Togo, Tunisia, Yemen,
DD122

¿Qué formas de subsidio público son las que se brindan para una iniciativa ciudadana ? Marque y especifique lo procedente en la sección de comentarios.

a. Apoyo financiero 3 countries (6%): Belarus, Madagascar, Somalia,
b. Acceso gratuito a los medios 12 countries (25%): Albania, Belarus, Eritrea, Gambia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Niger, Poland, Russian Federation, Senegal, Somalia, Ukraine,
c. Espacio gratuito para publicaciones 8 countries (17%): Eritrea, Gambia, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Switzerland,
d. Franquicia postal 2 countries (4%): Eritrea, Somalia,
f. Ninguno 9 countries (19%): Argentina, Croatia, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Peru, Sudan, Togo, Uruguay,
g. No aplicable 24 countries (51%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Estonia, Lesotho, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD123

¿Qué formas de subsidio público son las que se brindan para una revocatoria? Marque y especifique lo procedente en la sección de comentarios.

a. Apoyo financiero 2 countries (4%): Belarus, Somalia,
b. Acceso gratuito a los medios 5 countries (10%): Belarus, Gambia, Niger, Somalia, Ukraine,
c. Espacio gratuito para publicaciones 4 countries (8%): Gambia, Liechtenstein, Niger, Somalia,
d. Franquicia postal 1 countries (2%): Somalia,
f. Ninguno 6 countries (12%): Croatia, Mali, Peru, Romania, Sudan, Uganda,
g. No aplicable 37 countries (77%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yemen,
DD125

¿Se le permite al gobierno realizar campaña en favor o en contra de una determinada posición comprendida en un referendo, iniciativa o revocatoria?

DD15

¿Cuál es la autoridad responsable de manejar la administración de los mecanismos de democracia directa a nivel nacional?

a. Gobierno (especificar ministerio) 19 countries (25%): Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, Finland, Greece, Italy, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Mali, Netherlands, Portugal, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zimbabwe,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 43 countries (58%): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen,
c. Presidente 3 countries (4%): Liberia, Mali, Slovakia,
d. Congreso 7 countries (9%): Argentina, Croatia, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Spain, Uganda,
e. Otro (especificar) 14 countries (18%): Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahrain, Benin, Denmark, Georgia, Malawi, Morocco, Palestine, Somalia, Switzerland, Uganda, Zambia,
f. No aplicable 6 countries (8%): Anguilla, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Germany, Zimbabwe,
DD16

¿Éstà es también la autoridad responsable de manejar la administración de las elecciones nacionales?

a. Si 55 countries (75%): Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen,
b. No 12 countries (16%): Bahrain, Benin, Croatia, Georgia, Malawi, Mali, Palestine, Slovakia, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
c. No aplicable 6 countries (8%): Belgium, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Colombia, Germany, Ukraine,
DD17

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación del referendo mandatorio?

a. Todas las regiones, estados o provincias 31 countries (31%): Algeria, Australia, Bahrain, Bolivia, Croatia, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Italy, Madagascar, Malta, Morocco, Mozambique, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia,
b. Algunas regiones, estados o provincias 2 countries (2%): Mexico, Palestine,
c. Ninguna 48 countries (48%): Afghanistan, Albania, Anguilla, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Moldova, Republic of, Namibia, Niger, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, Swaziland, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
d. No aplicable 19 countries (19%): Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Jordan, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Mali, Netherlands, Senegal, Slovakia, Togo,
DD18

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación del referendo optativo?

a. Todas las regiones, estados o provincias 28 countries (28%): Algeria, Australia, Bahrain, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Madagascar, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Morocco, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen,
b. Algunas regiones, estados o provincias 9 countries (9%): Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Palestine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
c. Ninguna 42 countries (42%): Afghanistan, Albania, Anguilla, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Cambodia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 20 countries (20%): Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Jordan, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Mali, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Slovakia, Somalia, Uruguay,
DD19

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación de la ciudadana?

a. Todas las regiones, estados o provincias 16 countries (16%): Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Eritrea, Liberia, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Philippines, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela,
b. Algunas regiones, estados o provincias 2 countries (2%): Germany, Senegal,
c. Ninguna 51 countries (53%): Afghanistan, Albania, Anguilla, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 27 countries (28%): Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, Jordan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Seychelles, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen,
DD20

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación de la propuesta legislativa ciudadana?

a. Todas las regiones, estados o provincias 6 countries (6%): Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay,
b. Algunas regiones, estados o provincias 7 countries (7%): Argentina, Austria, Côte d'Ivoire, Germany, Mexico, Netherlands, Senegal,
c. Ninguna 50 countries (52%): Afghanistan, Albania, Anguilla, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Panama, Portugal, Romania, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 33 countries (34%): Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahrain, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Jordan, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Poland, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen,
DD21

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación del la revocatoria?

a. Todas las regiones, estados o provincias 8 countries (9%): Canada, Croatia, Ecuador, Peru, Philippines, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela,
b. Algunas regiones, estados o provincias 4 countries (4%): Argentina, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Switzerland,
c. Ninguna 49 countries (56%): Albania, Anguilla, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 25 countries (29%): Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahrain, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chile, Eritrea, Ghana, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yemen,
DD22

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación del referendo mandatorio?

a. Todas las municipalidades, distritos, comunas 21 countries (24%): Algeria, Bahrain, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Hungary, Malta, Morocco, Palestine, Philippines, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yemen,
b. Algunas municipalidades, distritos, comunas 1 countries (1%): Denmark,
c. Ninguna 56 countries (65%): Albania, Andorra, Anguilla, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 8 countries (9%): Argentina, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Netherlands, Venezuela,
DD23

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación del referendo optativo?

a. Todas las municipalidades, distritos, comunas 37 countries (43%): Albania, Algeria, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malta, Morocco, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Yemen,
b. Algunas municipalidades, distritos, comunas 4 countries (4%): Austria, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands,
c. Ninguna 33 countries (38%): Andorra, Anguilla, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Cambodia, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Ireland, Jamaica, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 11 countries (12%): Argentina, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ghana, Mali, Somalia, Uruguay,
DD24

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación de la iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Todas las municipalidades, distritos, comunas 24 countries (27%): Albania, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cape Verde, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Eritrea, Finland, Ghana, Hungary, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malta, Philippines, Poland, Russian Federation, Sweden, Switzerland, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uruguay,
b. Algunas municipalidades, distritos, comunas 2 countries (2%): Germany, Niger,
c. Ninguna 44 countries (50%): Andorra, Anguilla, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 17 countries (19%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Venezuela, Yemen,
DD25

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación de la propuesta legislativa ciudadana?

a. Todas las municipalidades, distritos, comunas 7 countries (8%): Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Estonia, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Uruguay,
b. Algunas municipalidades, distritos, comunas 9 countries (10%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Colombia, Germany, Netherlands, Niger, Peru, Spain,
c. Ninguna 44 countries (53%): Andorra, Anguilla, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Malawi, Malta, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Sweden, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 23 countries (27%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Chile, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ghana, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Poland, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Slovakia, Somalia, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen,
DD26

¿A qué nivel es posible la aplicación de la revocatoria?

a. Todas las municipalidades, distritos, comunas 11 countries (12%): Belarus, Canada, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Ghana, Mali, Philippines, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela,
b. Algunas municipalidades, distritos, comunas 3 countries (3%): Colombia, Peru, Switzerland,
c. Ninguna 50 countries (58%): Andorra, Anguilla, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Malta, Mozambique, Namibia, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Zambia,
d. No aplicable 22 countries (25%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Burkina Faso, Chile, Eritrea, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Poland, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yemen,
DD27

¿Cuáles son los temas para los cuales son obligatorios los referendos a nivel nacional?

a. Reformas constitucionales 53 countries (56%): Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Benin, Botswana, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Cuba, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Ireland, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Republic of, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
b. Adopción de tratados Adopción de tratados internacionales 12 countries (12%): Central African Republic, Denmark, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Panama, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Uganda,
c. Transferencia de autoridad a organismos internacionales 10 countries (10%): Austria, Central African Republic, Denmark, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Slovakia, Switzerland, Uganda,
d. Soberanía nacional, autodeterminación 14 countries (14%): Austria, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Croatia, Eritrea, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Switzerland, Uganda,
e. Conflicto entre órganos constitucionales 3 countries (3%): Niger, Senegal, Uganda,
f. Devolución 5 countries (5%): Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the, Niger, Switzerland, Uganda,
g. Servicio civil 1 countries (1%): Uganda,
h. Impuestos y gasto público 4 countries (4%): Ecuador, Swaziland, Switzerland, Uganda,
i. Otros asuntos de política pública 7 countries (7%): Ecuador, Latvia, Puerto Rico, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine,
j. Otro (especificar) 16 countries (17%): Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Denmark, El Salvador, Gambia, Iceland, Mozambique, Peru, Russian Federation, Swaziland, Switzerland, Uruguay,
k. Ninguno 14 countries (14%): Albania, Algeria, Bahrain, Belarus, Cape Verde, Chile, Finland, Greece, Jordan, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Portugal, Togo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
l. No aplicable 17 countries (18%): Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Argentina, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Georgia, Italy, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Sweden,
DD28

¿Cuáles son los temas para los cuales son opcionales los referendos a nivel nacional?

a. Reformas constitucionales 31 countries (35%): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Italy, Liechtenstein, Malta, Namibia, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, South Africa, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine,
b. Adopción de tratados internacionales 24 countries (27%): Andorra, Angola, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Poland, Senegal, Switzerland, Uganda, Venezuela,
c. Transferencia de autoridad a organismos internacionales 18 countries (20%): Andorra, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Niger, Poland, Switzerland, Uganda,
d. Soberanía nacional, autodeterminación 15 countries (17%): Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, Uganda,
e. Conflicto entre órganos constitucionales 13 countries (14%): Andorra, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, Uganda,
f. Devolución 18 countries (20%): Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Georgia, Italy, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, Uganda,
g. Servicio civil 15 countries (17%): Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Namibia, Uganda,
h. Impuestos y gasto público 13 countries (14%): Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Georgia, Liechtenstein, Mali, Namibia, Uganda,
i. Otros asuntos de política pública 27 countries (30%): Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Malta, Moldova, Republic of, Namibia, Uganda, Ukraine,
j. Otro (especificar) 28 countries (31%): Angola, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Colombia, Congo (Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Namibia, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Venezuela,
k. Ninguno 17 countries (19%): Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Botswana, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Jordan, Mozambique, Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Zambia,
l. No aplicable 14 countries (15%): Afghanistan, Anguilla, Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Cambodia, Comoros, El Salvador, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Puerto Rico, Uruguay,
DD29

¿Cuáles son los temas que están excluidos de referendo a nivel nacional?

a. Reformas constitucionales 7 countries (8%): Bulgaria, Ecuador, Gambia, Moldova, Republic of, Portugal, Ukraine, Uruguay,
b. Adopción de tratados internacionales 17 countries (21%): Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Italy, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Turkey, Uruguay, Zambia,
c. Transferencia de autoridad a organismos internacionales 12 countries (15%): Chile, Croatia, Gambia, Ghana, Mozambique, Panama, Philippines, Romania, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Uruguay, Zambia,
d. Soberanía nacional, autodeterminación 12 countries (15%): Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Ghana, Mozambique, Panama, Portugal, Romania, Togo, Turkey, Uruguay, Zambia,
e. Conflicto entre órganos constitucionales 14 countries (17%): Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Croatia, Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Mozambique, Panama, Philippines, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia,
f. Devolución 14 countries (17%): Cape Verde, Chile, Gambia, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Panama, Philippines, Romania, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Turkey, Zambia,
g. Servicio civil 19 countries (24%): Chile, Croatia, Gambia, Ghana, Latvia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Philippines, Russian Federation, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Turkey, Uruguay, Zambia,
h. Impuestos y gasto público 39 countries (49%): Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lesotho, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Republic of, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, South Africa, Togo, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia,
i. Otros asuntos de política pública 24 countries (30%): Albania, Belarus, Chile, Gambia, Ghana, Latvia, Lesotho, Malawi, Moldova, Republic of, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia,
j. Otro (especificar) 22 countries (27%): Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Eritrea, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela,
k. Ninguno 22 countries (27%): Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Finland, Ireland, Jordan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Namibia, Netherlands, Seychelles, Spain, Swaziland, Switzerland, Uganda, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
l. No aplicable 10 countries (12%): Afghanistan, Anguilla, Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Cambodia, El Salvador, Kenya, Madagascar,
DD30

¿Qué temas regulados a nivel nacional pueden ser sometidos a referendo a nivel sub-nacional?

a. Devolución 5 countries (7%): Finland, Seychelles, Somalia, Uganda, Ukraine,
b. Creación, fusión o abolición de autoridades subnacionales 9 countries (13%): Croatia, Finland, Liechtenstein, Seychelles, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Uganda, Ukraine,
c. Otros asuntos de política pública 9 countries (13%): Albania, Croatia, Finland, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Somalia, Uganda, Ukraine,
d. Otro (especificar) 11 countries (16%): Finland, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay,
e. Ninguno 35 countries (53%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, Zambia,
f. No aplicable 13 countries (19%): Andorra, Anguilla, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Lesotho, Madagascar, Venezuela,
DD31

¿Quién puede iniciar un referendo a nivel nacional?

a. Gobierno 23 countries (28%): Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Congo (Brazzaville), Croatia, Eritrea, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Uganda,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 3 countries (3%): Eritrea, Madagascar, Palestine,
c. Presidente 49 countries (60%): Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Congo (Brazzaville), Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, Niger, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia,
d. Mayoría parlamentaria 38 countries (46%): Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Belarus, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Congo (Brazzaville), Eritrea, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Mongolia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, Yemen,
e. Electores registrados 24 countries (29%): Albania, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Colombia, Ecuador, Eritrea, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela,
f. Otro (especificar) 21 countries (25%): Andorra, Bahrain, Benin, Bulgaria, Colombia, Denmark, Djibouti, Estonia, Italy, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovenia, Switzerland, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine,
g. No aplicable 5 countries (6%): Anguilla, Argentina, Belgium, Cambodia, Comoros,
DD32

¿Quién es responsable de redactar las preguntas de los referendos mandatorios?

a. Gobierno (especificar ministerio) 8 countries (11%): Armenia, Denmark, Liberia, Palestine, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Switzerland,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 12 countries (17%): Croatia, Eritrea, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mozambique, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Uganda, Uruguay,
c. Presidente 12 countries (17%): Armenia, Botswana, Chile, Ecuador, Latvia, Liberia, Mali, Palestine, Poland, Togo, Turkey, Yemen,
d. Congreso 20 countries (28%): Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Morocco, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey,
e. Electores registrados 4 countries (5%): Ecuador, Liberia, Peru, Switzerland,
f. Otro (especificar) 7 countries (10%): Benin, Estonia, Malawi, Russian Federation, Togo, Ukraine, Zambia,
g. No aplicable 23 countries (32%): Albania, Anguilla, Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
DD33

¿Quién es responsable de redactar las preguntas de los referendos optativos?

a. Gobierno (especificar ministerio) 14 countries (20%): Albania, Armenia, Chile, Finland, Greece, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Niger, Palestine, Portugal, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 7 countries (10%): Croatia, Liberia, Madagascar, Niger, Senegal, Seychelles, Uganda,
c. Presidente 13 countries (19%): Belarus, Côte d'Ivoire, Georgia, Namibia, Niger, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, Togo, Turkey, Yemen,
d. Congreso 22 countries (32%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Belarus, Bulgaria, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Morocco, Namibia, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey,
e. Electores registrados 8 countries (11%): Albania, Belarus, Georgia, Italy, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Portugal, Togo,
f. Otro (especificar) 8 countries (11%): Benin, Colombia, Estonia, Georgia, Italy, Netherlands, Russian Federation, Ukraine,
g. No aplicable 20 countries (29%): Anguilla, Argentina, Belgium, Botswana, Cambodia, Comoros, Denmark, Ecuador, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Uruguay, Zambia,
DD34

¿Cuáles de los siguientes aspectos tienen que ser incluidos en las preguntas de un referendo mandatorio?

a. El título de la propuesta 26 countries (41%): Armenia, Croatia, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay,
b. El número de los artículos del instrumento legal para el que se proponen cambios 17 countries (27%): Armenia, Austria, Denmark, Ecuador, Gambia, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Mali, Niger, Romania, Senegal, Somalia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay,
c. Un texto explicatorio 10 countries (16%): Croatia, Ecuador, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Switzerland, Uganda,
d. El texto completo de la propuesta 15 countries (24%): Botswana, Chile, Ecuador, Estonia, Gambia, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda,
e. Otro (especificar) 6 countries (9%): Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Russian Federation,
f. No aplicable 26 countries (41%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
DD35

¿Cuáles de los siguientes aspectos tienen que ser incluidos en las preguntas de un referendo optativo?

a. El título de la propuesta 21 countries (37%): Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Niger, Poland, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Uganda,
b. El número de los artículos del instrumento legal para el que se proponen cambios 12 countries (21%): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Denmark, Gambia, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Niger, Senegal, Turkey, Uganda,
c. Un texto explicatorio 7 countries (12%): Albania, Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Russian Federation, Switzerland, Uganda,
d. El texto completo de la propuesta 17 countries (30%): Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Colombia, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey,
e. Otro (especificar) 7 countries (12%): Benin, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Netherlands, Portugal, Russian Federation,
f. No aplicable 21 countries (37%): Algeria, Argentina, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belgium, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Comoros, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Ukraine, Uruguay,
DD36

¿Qué institución decide sobre el texto final que aparece en las papeletas para un referendo mandatorio?

a. Gobierno 4 countries (5%): Denmark, Egypt, Senegal, Switzerland,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 23 countries (32%): Armenia, Austria, Croatia, Ecuador, Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Uruguay, Venezuela,
c. Presidente 9 countries (12%): Algeria, Botswana, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
d. Congreso 7 countries (10%): Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Estonia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Poland, Romania,
e. Otro (especificar) 9 countries (12%): Bahrain, Malawi, Morocco, Somalia, Spain, Swaziland, Switzerland, Togo, Zambia,
f. No aplicable 22 countries (31%): Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Colombia, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
DD37

¿Qué institución decide sobre el texto final que aparece en las papeletas para un referendo optativo?

a. Gobierno 7 countries (10%): Albania, Denmark, Egypt, Greece, Liechtenstein, Senegal, Switzerland,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 14 countries (21%): Armenia, Austria, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Gambia, Latvia, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda,
c. Presidente 11 countries (17%): Algeria, Belarus, Chile, Georgia, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
d. Congreso 11 countries (17%): Albania, Benin, Bulgaria, Côte d'Ivoire, Estonia, Finland, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Poland, Sweden,
e. Otro (especificar) 10 countries (15%): Albania, Bahrain, Colombia, Georgia, Morocco, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Togo,
f. No aplicable 17 countries (26%): Argentina, Belgium, Botswana, Cambodia, Comoros, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Ukraine, Uruguay, Zambia,
DD40

¿Cuáles son los requisitos para que se apruebe un referendo mandatorio?

a. Mayoría absoluta (>50%) 34 countries (46%): Algeria, Austria, Bahrain, Botswana, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Lesotho, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Palestine, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen, Zambia,
b. Mayoría calificada (especificar % abajo) 11 countries (15%): Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Croatia, Denmark, Ghana, Liberia, Lithuania, Niger, Seychelles, Uganda, Uruguay,
c. Doble mayoría (Mayoría absoluta tanto a nivel general como en cierto número de demarcaciones electorales (especificar abajo) 1 countries (1%): Switzerland,
d. Otro (especificar abajo) 6 countries (8%): Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Gambia, Latvia, Philippines, Somalia,
e. No aplicable 22 countries (30%): Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Netherlands, Portugal, Togo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
DD41

¿Cuáles son los requisitos para que se apruebe un referendo optativo?

a. Mayoría absoluta (>50%) 34 countries (52%): Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bahrain, Belarus, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
b. Mayoría calificada (especificar % abajo) 8 countries (12%): Armenia, Croatia, Denmark, Liberia, Namibia, Niger, Seychelles, Uganda,
c. Doble mayoría (Mayoría absoluta tanto a nivel general como en cierto número de demarcaciones electorales (especificar abajo) 1 countries (1%): Italy,
d. Otro (especificar abajo) 6 countries (9%): Côte d'Ivoire, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Netherlands, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
e. No aplicable 17 countries (26%): Argentina, Belgium, Benin, Botswana, Cambodia, Chile, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Togo, Uruguay, Zambia,
DD42

¿En cuáles de los siguientes temas hay diferencias entre las regulaciones aplicables a un referendo y a una elección nacional?

a. Ciudadanía 6 countries (14%): Chile, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
b. Residencia 5 countries (11%): Mali, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Ukraine,
c. Voto postal 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
d. Voto en el extranjero 4 countries (9%): Liberia, Mali, Peru, Senegal,
e. Edad para votar 3 countries (7%): Georgia, Sierra Leone, Somalia,
f. Otro 20 countries (47%): Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Benin, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, Gambia, Ghana, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mozambique, Netherlands, Romania, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Zambia,
g. None 8 countries (19%): Botswana, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Estonia, Italy, Madagascar, Poland, Switzerland,
h. No aplicable 4 countries (9%): Argentina, Belgium, Cambodia, Denmark,
DD43

¿Cuándo es obligatorio el resultado de un referendo mandatorio?

a. Siempre 38 countries (44%): Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Botswana, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Gambia, Ghana, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Republic of, Mozambique, Niger, Panama, Peru, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay,
b. Bajo ciertas circunstancias (especificar abajo) 13 countries (15%): Andorra, Armenia, Australia, Benin, Costa Rica, Eritrea, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Philippines, Poland, Somalia, Togo,
c. Nunca 7 countries (8%): Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen,
d. No aplicable 28 countries (32%): Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Finland, Georgia, Greece, Kenya, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Portugal, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
DD44

¿Cuándo es obligatorio el resultado de un referendo optativo?

a. Siempre 35 countries (50%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine,
b. Bajo ciertas circunstancias (especificar abajo) 13 countries (18%): Andorra, Australia, Benin, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Namibia, Poland, Sweden, Togo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
c. Nunca 12 countries (17%): Bahrain, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Finland, Morocco, Netherlands, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sudan, Tunisia, Yemen,
d. No aplicable 10 countries (14%): Argentina, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Cambodia, Ghana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Uruguay,
DD45

¿Qué tipo de temas pueden ser propuestos por los ciudadanos utilizando el proceso de iniciativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Reformas constitucionales 21 countries (29%): Belarus, Cape Verde, Colombia, Eritrea, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Niger, Philippines, Poland, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay,
b. Propuestas legislativas 24 countries (33%): Albania, Belarus, Cape Verde, Colombia, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Uganda, Ukraine,
c. Otro (especificar) 13 countries (18%): Albania, Cape Verde, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine,
d. No aplicable 40 countries (56%): Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Ireland, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
DD46

¿Qué tipo de temas pueden ser propuestos por los ciudadanos utilizando el proceso de propuesta legislativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Reformas constitucionales 12 countries (18%): Austria, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Ghana, Hungary, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Peru, Uganda,
b. Propuestas legislativas 17 countries (25%): Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Uganda, Uruguay,
c. Otro (especificar) 6 countries (9%): Benin, Colombia, Croatia, Ecuador, Liberia, Niger,
d. No aplicable 44 countries (66%): Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Ireland, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD47

¿Qué temas no pueden ser objeto de la iniciativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Reformas constitucionales 12 countries (21%): Croatia, Ecuador, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine,
b. Adopción de tratados internacionales 12 countries (21%): Croatia, Georgia, Italy, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Turkey, Uruguay,
c. Transferencia de autoridad 9 countries (16%): Croatia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Uruguay,
d. Soberanía nacional, autodeterminación 8 countries (14%): Cape Verde, Mali, Niger, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Uruguay,
e. Conflicto entre órganos constitucionales 9 countries (16%): Cape Verde, Croatia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Turkey, Uruguay,
f. Devolución 6 countries (10%): Cape Verde, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Turkey,
g. Servicio civil 4 countries (7%): Philippines, Russian Federation, Turkey, Uruguay,
h. Impuestos y gasto público 18 countries (32%): Albania, Belarus, Cape Verde, Croatia, Ecuador, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay,
i. Otros asuntos de política pública 11 countries (20%): Albania, Belarus, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine,
j. Otro (especificar) 12 countries (21%): Albania, Belarus, Benin, Cape Verde, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine,
k. Ninguno 8 countries (14%): Algeria, Armenia, Gambia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Romania, Togo,
l. No aplicable 20 countries (36%): Andorra, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Madagascar, Namibia, Netherlands, Peru, Seychelles, Somalia,
DD48

¿Qué temas no pueden ser objeto de propuesta legislativa ciudadana a nivel nacional?

a. Reformas constitucionales 7 countries (14%): Croatia, Ecuador, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Turkey, Uruguay,
b. Adopción de tratados internacionales 7 countries (14%): Austria, Croatia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Turkey,
c. Transferencia de autoridad 6 countries (12%): Austria, Croatia, Niger, Senegal, Turkey, Uruguay,
d. Soberanía nacional, autodeterminación 5 countries (10%): Austria, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Turkey,
e. Conflicto entre órganos constitucionales 7 countries (14%): Austria, Croatia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Turkey, Uruguay,
f. Devolución 4 countries (8%): Austria, Niger, Senegal, Turkey,
g. Servicio civil 1 countries (2%): Turkey,
h. Impuestos y gasto público 8 countries (16%): Albania, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Ecuador, Hungary, Peru, Turkey, Uruguay,
i. Otros asuntos de política pública 5 countries (10%): Albania, Austria, Peru, Turkey, Uruguay,
j. Otro (especificar) 9 countries (18%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Benin, Ghana, Hungary, Liberia, Peru, Turkey,
k. Ninguno 11 countries (22%): Algeria, Armenia, Belarus, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Romania, Sierra Leone, Togo,
l. Not applicable 22 countries (44%): Andorra, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Georgia, Ireland, Madagascar, Namibia, Netherlands, Poland, Seychelles, Somalia, Switzerland, Uganda, Venezuela,
DD49

¿Quién puede proponer el registro de una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Un determinado número de ciudadanos 26 countries (41%): Albania, Belarus, Benin, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay,
b. Un comité u organización registrada 7 countries (11%): Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Russian Federation, Senegal, Ukraine,
c. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (1%): Croatia,
d. No aplicable 35 countries (56%): Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Ireland, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD50

¿Quién puede proponer el registro de una propuesta legislativa ciudadana?

a. Un determinado número de ciudadanos 17 countries (30%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Ghana, Hungary, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Togo, Uruguay,
b. Un comité u organización registrada 5 countries (8%): Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Senegal,
c. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (3%): Croatia, Latvia,
d. No aplicable 38 countries (67%): Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD51

¿Qué material es necesario que acompañe la presentación de una solicitud de registro?

a. Título de la propuesta 20 countries (37%): Albania, Argentina, Benin, Finland, Georgia, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Mali, Niger, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Uruguay,
b. Explicación de su propósito 12 countries (22%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Finland, Ghana, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Poland, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Ukraine,
c. Texto completo de la propuesta 23 countries (42%): Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Benin, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Ukraine, Uruguay,
d. Otro 11 countries (20%): Albania, Belarus, Benin, Croatia, Georgia, Latvia, Liberia, Russian Federation, Spain, Togo, Ukraine,
e. No aplicable 28 countries (51%): Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD52

¿Quién decide el título de una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Sus promotores 14 countries (25%): Albania, Benin, Finland, Georgia, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Niger, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Ukraine,
b. La autoridad responsable de la administración del mecanismo de democracia directa (especificar) 2 countries (3%): Somalia, Uruguay,
c. Ambos, los promotores y la autoridad responsable mediante un proceso de negociación 2 countries (3%): Mali, Senegal,
d. Congreso 2 countries (3%): Ghana, Portugal,
e. Otro (especificar) 4 countries (7%): Belarus, Croatia, Eritrea, Poland,
f. No aplicable 32 countries (57%): Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD53

¿Quién decide el título de una propuesta legislativa ciudadana?

a. Sus promotores 12 countries (21%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Latvia, Lithuania, Niger, Peru, Togo,
b. La autoridad responsable de la administración del mecanismo de democracia directa (especificar) 4 countries (7%): Liberia, Somalia, Uganda, Uruguay,
c. Ambos, los promotores y la autoridad responsable mediante un proceso de negociación. 2 countries (3%): Mali, Senegal,
d. Congreso 1 countries (1%): Ghana,
e. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (1%): Croatia,
f. Ninguno 37 countries (64%): Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD54

¿Qué puede descalificar el título propuesto para una iniciativa?

a. Inconsistencia con el contenido propuesto 10 countries (19%): Argentina, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Somalia, Switzerland, Uruguay,
b. Expresión commercial 6 countries (11%): Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Switzerland, Uruguay,
c. Expresión discriminatoria 8 countries (15%): Argentina, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Uruguay,
d. Título excesivo 2 countries (3%): Liberia, Uruguay,
e. Incomprensibilidad 10 countries (19%): Argentina, Belarus, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Somalia, Uruguay,
f. Referirse a más de un tema 6 countries (11%): Liberia, Portugal, Somalia, Spain, Switzerland, Uruguay,
g. Otro (especificar) 9 countries (17%): Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Peru, Poland, Spain, Uruguay,
h. Ninguno 32 countries (61%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD55

¿Qué servicios brinda la autoridad responsable de la administración del mecanismo de democracia directa antes de que una iniciativa sea publicada?

a. Revisión gramatical 9 countries (18%): Belarus, Eritrea, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Uganda,
b. Preparación del texto definitivo para revisión jurídica 11 countries (22%): Belarus, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Philippines, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Uganda,
c. Traducción del título o el texto a otras lenguas 6 countries (12%): Eritrea, Niger, Seychelles, Somalia, Switzerland, Uganda,
d. Otro (especificar) 6 countries (12%): Croatia, Eritrea, Ghana, Lithuania, Poland, Spain,
e. Ninguno 21 countries (42%): Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Egypt, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Morocco, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Russian Federation, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Yemen,
f. No aplicable 12 countries (24%): Andorra, Argentina, Bahamas, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Madagascar, Namibia, Netherlands,
DD56

¿Bajo que circunstancias se somete una iniciativa a revisión sobre su constitucionalidad o legalidad?

a. Su revisión automática es parte del procedimiento 26 countries (44%): Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belarus, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Togo, Uganda, Uruguay,
b. Solo si se presenta algún tipo de impugnación 3 countries (5%): Mali, Niger, Senegal,
c. Otro (especificar) 4 countries (6%): Benin, Croatia, Poland, Switzerland,
d. No aplicable 28 countries (48%): Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD57

En su caso ¿Quién es responsable de revisar la constitucionalidad o legalidad?

a. Gobierno 4 countries (10%): Belarus, Portugal, Somalia, Uganda,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 11 countries (28%): Albania, Belarus, Eritrea, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Peru, Seychelles, Somalia, Uganda, Uruguay,
c. Presidente 2 countries (5%): Georgia, Senegal,
d. Congreso 11 countries (28%): Argentina, Ghana, Liberia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Spain, Switzerland, Uganda,
e. Poder Judicial 10 countries (25%): Albania, Argentina, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain,
f. Otro (especificar) 20 countries (51%): Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Togo, Turkey, Uruguay,
DD58

En su caso ¿Cuándo ocurre esa revisión?

a. Después de su registro, pero antes de que se recaben las firmas necesarias 7 countries (12%): Albania, Belarus, Ghana, Latvia, Lithuania, Niger, Spain,
b. Después de su publicación y durante el periodo de recabación de firmas 4 countries (7%): Eritrea, Seychelles, Somalia, Uganda,
c. Después de su presentación formal pero antes de que se someta a votación 14 countries (24%): Albania, Cape Verde, Finland, Georgia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Portugal, Russian Federation, Senegal, Switzerland, Uruguay,
e. Otro (especificar) 8 countries (14%): Austria, Benin, Croatia, Latvia, Peru, Poland, Sierra Leone, Togo,
f. No aplicable 28 countries (49%): Algeria, Andorra, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
DD59

¿Qué institución puede formular una contrapropuesta a la propuesta contenida en una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Gobierno 6 countries (11%): Croatia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Somalia,
b. Organismo electoral independiente 4 countries (7%): Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Seychelles,
c. Presidente 5 countries (9%): Croatia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal,
d. Congreso 11 countries (20%): Croatia, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Poland, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Switzerland, Uruguay,
e. Electores registrados 3 countries (5%): Liberia, Mali, Poland,
f. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (3%): Benin, Ukraine,
g. No aplicable 40 countries (75%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD60

¿En qué etapa del procedimiento se puede plantear una propuesta alternativa?

a. Después del registro inicial de la iniciativa 7 countries (16%): Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Poland, Senegal, Switzerland,
b. Después de que se han verificado las firmas requeridas 5 countries (11%): Mali, Niger, Senegal, Somalia, Switzerland,
c. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (7%): Benin, Romania, Uruguay,
d. No procede 15 countries (35%): Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Chile, Croatia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, Togo, Turkey,
e. No aplicable 16 countries (38%): Andorra, Argentina, Bahamas, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Madagascar, Namibia, Netherlands, Uganda,
DD61

¿Qué sucede cuando existe una propuesta alternativa válida?

a. Solo la propuesta alternativa se somete a consulta del electorado 4 countries (7%): Eritrea, Ghana, Somalia, Uganda,
b. Tanto la iniciativa ciudadana como la propuesta alternativa se ponen a consulta del electorado y en una misma jornada electoral 6 countries (11%): Mali, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Uruguay,
d. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (5%): Benin, Croatia, Poland,
e. No aplicable 39 countries (75%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Czech Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
DD62

Cuando la propuesta de la iniciativa ciudadana y la alternativa se someten al electorado el mismo día, ¿qué opciones tiene el votante?

a. Aceptar ambas propuestas 5 countries (9%): Mali, Niger, Poland, Senegal, Switzerland,
b. Aceptar solo una propuesta 7 countries (13%): Liberia, Niger, Poland, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Switzerland, Uruguay,
c. Rechazar ambas propuestas 4 countries (7%): Poland, Senegal, Switzerland, Uruguay,
d. Especificar cuál prefiere si ambas se aprueban 3 countries (5%): Mali, Senegal, Switzerland,
e. Otra (especificar) 1 countries (1%): Croatia,
f. No aplicable 43 countries (82%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD63

¿Quién decide que texto aparece finalmente en la papeleta de votación?

a. Los promotores de la iniciativa 11 countries (20%): Albania, Austria, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Peru, Russian Federation, Senegal, Switzerland, Togo, Ukraine,
b. La autoridad responsable de administrar el mecanismo de democracia directa 12 countries (21%): Eritrea, Latvia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Uganda, Uruguay,
c. Congreso 4 countries (7%): Benin, Ghana, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of,
d. Poder Judicial 1 countries (1%): Liberia,
e. Otro (especificar) 4 countries (7%): Belarus, Croatia, Finland, Poland,
f. No aplicable 28 countries (50%): Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Romania, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen,
DD64

Una vez que se ha resuelto que la iniciativa sea puesta a consulta del electorado, ¿cuándo ocurre la votación?

DD65

¿Cuáles de los siguientes representantes puede ser objeto de un mecanismo de revocatoria de su mandato?

a. Miembros del Congreso Nacional 11 countries (18%): Belarus, Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine,
b. Presidente 10 countries (17%): Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Latvia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Romania, Senegal, Slovakia, Ukraine,
c. Otros cargos ejecutivos de elección a nivel nacional 9 countries (15%): Benin, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Uganda,
d. Los designados para otros cargos ejecutivos a nivel nacional 8 countries (13%): Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal,
e. Miembros de los congresos provinciales o locales 8 countries (13%): Belarus, Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Ukraine,
f. Gobernadores, presidentes municipales o su equivalente 10 countries (17%): Benin, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Senegal,
g. Otros cargos ejecutivos de elección a nivel provincial o local 8 countries (13%): Benin, Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
h. Los designados para otros cargos ejecutivos a nivel provincial o local 5 countries (8%): Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Poland,
i. Jueces elegidos popularmente 4 countries (6%): Benin, Croatia, Liberia, Peru,
j. Otros (especificar) 4 countries (6%): Liechtenstein, Togo, Uganda, Ukraine,
k. No aplicable 40 countries (68%): Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Eritrea, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Yemen,
DD66

¿Sobre qué bases se puede presentar una iniciativa de revocatoria?

a. Por razones políticas 11 countries (26%): Benin, Croatia, Gambia, Liberia, Niger, Peru, Romania, Senegal, Slovakia, Togo, Uganda,
b. Presentación de cargos penales 11 countries (26%): Belarus, Benin, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Togo,
c. Sentencia judicial 11 countries (26%): Belarus, Benin, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Togo,
d. Faltas a la moral 12 countries (29%): Belarus, Benin, Croatia, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Togo, Uganda,
e. Ninguna 4 countries (9%): Albania, Armenia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Turkey,
f. Otras (especificar) 8 countries (19%): Belarus, Benin, Latvia, Lithuania, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Uganda,
g. No aplicable 20 countries (48%): Andorra, Argentina, Bahamas, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Madagascar, Netherlands, Poland, Somalia, Uruguay,
DD68

Si se autoriza una revocatoria, ¿cuándo se pone a consulta del electorado?

DD69

¿Cuándo se lleva a cabo la elección para reemplazar a un representante cuyo mandato ha sido revocado?

DD71

¿Puede la persona que ha sido sometida a revocación de mandato postularse como candidato para ocupar otra vez el cargo?

DD76

¿Existe una fecha límite para que se reúnan las firmas requeridas después de que la propuesta para un referendo abrogativo (optativo) ha sido publicada?

DD77

¿Existe una fecha límite para que se reúnan las firmas requeridas después de que la propuesta para un referendo de rechazo (optativo) ha sido publicada?

DD78

¿Existe una fecha límite para que se reúnan las firmas requeridas después de que la propuesta para una iniciativa ciudadana ha sido publicada?

DD79

¿Existe una fecha límite para que se reúnan las firmas requeridas después de que la propuesta para una iniciativa legislativa ciudadana ha sido publicada?

DD80

¿Existen restricciones respecto a las personas que pueden respaldar con su firma una propuesta para un referendo abrogativo (optativo)?

a. Los firmantes deben estar registrados 5 countries (11%): Albania, Lithuania, Peru, Seychelles, Ukraine,
b. Los firmantes deben ser electores registrados en una determinada demarcación electoral 3 countries (6%): Albania, Belarus, Russian Federation,
c. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (6%): Burkina Faso, Netherlands, Togo,
d. Ninguno 4 countries (9%): Georgia, Liberia, Niger, Poland,
e. No aplicable 30 countries (68%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Palestine, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD81

¿Existen restricciones respecto a las personas que pueden respaldar con su firma una propuesta para un referendo de rechazo (optativo)?

a. Los firmantes deben estar registrados 4 countries (9%): Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Switzerland, Ukraine,
b. Los firmantes deben ser electores registrados en una determinada demarcación electoral 4 countries (9%): Belarus, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Switzerland,
c. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (6%): Burkina Faso, Netherlands, Togo,
d. Ninguno 5 countries (11%): Georgia, Latvia, Liberia, Niger, Poland,
e. No aplicable 28 countries (65%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Palestine, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD82

¿Existen restricciones respecto a las personas que pueden respaldar con su firma una propuesta para una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Los firmantes deben estar registrados 10 countries (20%): Albania, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine,
b. Los firmantes deben ser electores registrados en una determinada demarcación electoral 6 countries (12%): Albania, Belarus, Finland, Philippines, Russian Federation, Switzerland,
c. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (2%): Togo,
d. Ninguno 5 countries (10%): Austria, Georgia, Latvia, Liberia, Poland,
e. No aplicable 28 countries (58%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD83

¿Existen restricciones respecto a las personas que pueden respaldar con su firma una propuesta para una iniciativa legislativa ciudadana?

a. Los firmantes deben estar registrados 10 countries (23%): Albania, Belarus, Côte d'Ivoire, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Uganda,
b. Los firmantes deben ser electores registrados en una determinada demarcación electoral 3 countries (6%): Argentina, Somalia, Uganda,
c. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (4%): Niger, Togo,
d. Ninguno 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
e. No aplicable 29 countries (67%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD85

¿Existe una fecha límite para que se reúnan las firmas requeridas después de que la propuesta para una revocatoria ha sido publicada?

DD86

¿Existen restricciones respecto a las personas que pueden respaldar con su firma una propuesta para una revocatoria ?

e. No aplicable 4 countries (100%): Botswana, Bulgaria, Estonia, Georgia,
DD87

¿Dónde se pueden firmar las propuestas para un referendo abrogativo (optativo)?

a. En cualquier lugar 7 countries (17%): Belarus, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Poland, Russian Federation, Slovakia,
b. En lugares 2 countries (5%): Niger, Togo,
f. Otro (especificar) 3 countries (7%): Lithuania, Netherlands, Peru,
g. No aplicable 28 countries (70%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Latvia, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Palestine, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD88

¿Dónde se pueden firmar las propuestas para un referendo de rechazo (optativo)?

a. En cualquier lugar 8 countries (19%): Belarus, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Poland, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine,
b. En lugares predeterminados 4 countries (9%): Latvia, Niger, Senegal, Togo,
f. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (4%): Lithuania, Netherlands,
g. No aplicable 27 countries (65%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Palestine, Romania, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD89

¿Dónde se pueden firmar las propuestas para una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. En cualquier lugar 17 countries (36%): Albania, Belarus, Benin, Finland, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Philippines, Poland, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Ukraine,
b. En lugares predeterminados 4 countries (8%): Latvia, Mali, Niger, Senegal,
c. En oficinas públicas 0 countries (0%):
d. Por correo 1 countries (2%): Senegal,
e. Electrónicamente 1 countries (2%): Switzerland,
f. Otro (especificar) 1 countries (2%): Lithuania,
g. No aplicable 26 countries (55%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD90

¿Dónde se pueden firmar las propuestas para una iniciativa legislativa ciudadana?

a. En cualquier lugar 10 countries (22%): Albania, Argentina, Belarus, Benin, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo,
b. En lugares predeterminados 5 countries (11%): Austria, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Somalia,
c. En oficinas públicas 1 countries (2%): Somalia,
d. Por correo 1 countries (2%): Senegal,
f. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (4%): Lithuania, Peru,
g. No aplicable 30 countries (68%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD91

¿Dónde se pueden firmar las propuestas para una la revocatoria?

a. En cualquier lugar 4 countries (8%): Belarus, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Ukraine,
b. En lugares predeterminados 3 countries (6%): Niger, Senegal, Uganda,
c. En oficinas públicas 0 countries (0%):
f. Otro (especificar) 2 countries (4%): Peru, Togo,
g. No aplicable 35 countries (77%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Yemen,
DD92

¿Qué información deben proporcionar las personas que firman una propuesta para un referendo abrogativo (optativo)?

a. Número de su tarjeta de identidad electoral 10 countries (26%): Albania, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Georgia, Lithuania, Peru, Poland, Russian Federation, Togo, Uganda,
b. Huella digital 2 countries (5%): Peru, Uganda,
c. Otro (especificar) 9 countries (23%): Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Russian Federation, Togo, Ukraine,
d. Ninguno 1 countries (2%): Benin,
e. No aplicable 25 countries (65%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Latvia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Palestine, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Switzerland, Turkey, Yemen,
DD93

¿Qué información deben proporcionar las personas que firman una propuesta para un referendo de rechazo (optativo)?

a. Número de su tarjeta de identidad electoral 8 countries (20%): Belarus, Burkina Faso, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russian Federation, Togo,
c. Otro (especificar) 9 countries (22%): Belarus, Georgia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Netherlands, Russian Federation, Togo, Ukraine,
d. Ninguno 2 countries (5%): Benin, Switzerland,
e. No aplicable 27 countries (67%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Palestine, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD94

¿Qué información deben proporcionar las personas que firman una propuesta para una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Número de su tarjeta de identidad electoral 14 countries (30%): Albania, Belarus, Finland, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Poland, Russian Federation, Senegal, Spain, Uganda,
b. Huella digital 4 countries (8%): Mali, Niger, Senegal, Uganda,
c. Otro (especificar) 9 countries (19%): Belarus, Benin, Georgia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Russian Federation, Togo, Ukraine,
d. Ninguno 1 countries (2%): Switzerland,
e. No aplicable 27 countries (58%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Turkey, Yemen,
DD95

¿Qué información deben proporcionar las personas que firman una propuesta para una iniciativa legislativa ciudadana?

a. Número de su tarjeta de identidad electoral 11 countries (25%): Albania, Austria, Burkina Faso, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Somalia, Uganda,
b. Huella digital 6 countries (13%): Mali, Niger, Peru, Senegal, Somalia, Uganda,
c. Otro (especificar) 6 countries (13%): Argentina, Benin, Lithuania, Peru, Senegal, Togo,
d. Ninguno 1 countries (2%): Belarus,
e. No aplicable 29 countries (65%): Algeria, Armenia, Bahrain, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, Yemen,
DD96

¿Qué información deben proporcionar las personas que firman una propuesta para una revocatoria?

a. Número de su tarjeta de identidad electoral 3 countries (6%): Belarus, Peru, Uganda,
b. Huella digital 2 countries (4%): Peru, Uganda,
c. Otro (especificar) 5 countries (10%): Belarus, Côte d'Ivoire, Liechtenstein, Peru, Ukraine,
e. No aplicable 42 countries (87%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chile, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Palestine, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Yemen,
DD97

¿Qué restricciones existen respecto a la recolección de firmas para un referendo abrogativo (optativo)?

a. Se prohíbe que los recolectores paguen por las firmas 4 countries (9%): Burkina Faso, Liberia, Poland, Seychelles,
b. Se prohíbe pagar por las firmas 6 countries (13%): Albania, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Lithuania, Poland,
c. Se requiere que los recolectores sean electores registrados 2 countries (4%): Burkina Faso, Ukraine,
d. Se requiere que los recolectores manifiesten si reciben un pago o lo hacen de manera voluntaria 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
e. Otro (especificar) 4 countries (9%): Belarus, Netherlands, Russian Federation, Ukraine,
f. No aplicable 33 countries (76%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD98

¿Qué restricciones existen respecto a la recolección de firmas para un referendo de rechazo (optativo)?

a. Se prohíbe que los recolectores paguen por las firmas 3 countries (7%): Liberia, Poland, Seychelles,
b. Se prohíbe pagar por las firmas 6 countries (14%): Belarus, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Poland, Switzerland,
c. Se requiere que los recolectores sean electores registrados 1 countries (2%): Ukraine,
d. Se requiere que los recolectores manifiesten si reciben un pago o lo hacen de manera voluntaria 1 countries (2%): Liberia,
e. Otro (especificar) 5 countries (11%): Belarus, Latvia, Netherlands, Russian Federation, Ukraine,
f. No aplicable 32 countries (76%): Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Estonia, Gambia, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Madagascar, Morocco, Niger, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
DD99

¿Qué restricciones existen respecto a la recolección de firmas para una iniciativa ciudadana?

a. Se prohíbe que los recolectores paguen por las firmas 2 countries (4%): Liberia, Poland,
b. Se prohíbe pagar por las firmas 10 countries (21%): Albania, Belarus, Finland, Latvia, Liberia, Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Mali, Niger, Poland, Switzerland,
c. Se requiere que los recolectores sean electores registrados 2 countries (4%): Niger, Ukraine,
d. Se requiere que los recolectores manifiesten si reciben un pago o lo hacen de manera voluntaria 2 countries (4%): Liberia, Niger,
e. Otro (especificar) 4 countries (8%): Belarus, Latvia, Russian Federation, Ukraine,
f. No aplicable 34 countries (73%): Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahrain, Benin, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Denmark, Eritrea, Estonia, Gambia, Liechtenstein, Madagascar, Morocco, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Romania, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Sweden, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen,
20/05/2008 03:04