A code of conduct is usually a set of written rules that govern the conduct of public officials, such as election officers. Some electoral systems have codes of conduct for political parties, candidates and lobby groups. Codes are designed to prevent unethical behaviour; if binding, they can hold individuals and entities legally accountable for their actions.

A code of conduct can be a stand-alone document or part of broader legislation. For example, in the U.S. state of Wyoming, the Ethics and Disclosure Act is part of legislation on public service, and Wyoming public officials and election officers are required to comply with it. In South Africa, the code of conduct for election officers is a regulation designed specifically for elections.

Codes of conduct that are entrenched in legislation or regulations are enforced and may set sanctions and penalties for violations—for example, a fine, suspension from office or disqualification as a candidate. Violations of the code that involve criminal acts are referred to the criminal justice system.

In India, political parties and candidates are required to abide by a code of conduct that was issued by the Election Commission, based on a consensus of the political parties. The code sets out broad guidelines on how political parties and candidates should conduct themselves during a campaign:

It is intended to maintain the election campaign on healthy lines, avoid clashes and conflicts between political parties or their supporters and to ensure peace and order during the campaign period and thereafter, until the results are declared. The model code also prescribes guidelines for the ruling party, either at the Centre or in the State, to ensure that a level field is maintained and that no cause is given for any complaint that the ruling party has used its official position for the purposes of its election campaign. [1]

NOTES

[1] Election Commission of India, The Electoral System of India.