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Parties and Candidates Index

... pc Parties and Candidates

...... pc10 Overview of Parties and Candidates

...... pc20 Guiding Principles of Parties and Candidates

...... pc30 Context of Parties and Candidates

...... pc40 Contributors to Parties and Candidates

...... pca External Regulations of Parties and Candidates

......... pca01 Laws and Regulation that concern Political Parties

............ pca01a Roles and Definition of Political Parties

............ pca01b Registration of Political Parties as Organisations

......... pca02 Financial Regulations

............ pca02a Direct and Indirect Public Funding

............... pca02a1 Use of Direct Public Funding

............... pca02a2 Timing of Direct Public Funding

............... pca02a3 Allocation of Direct Public Funds

............... pca02a4 Indirect Public Funding of Parties and Candidates

............... pca02a5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Funds to Political Parties and Candidates

............ pca02b Reporting and Public Disclosure of Party Finance

............ pca02c Prohibited Sources of Funds

............ pca02d Ceilings on Elections Expenditure

............ pca02e Limits on Donations

......... pca03 Legislated Quotas

............ pca03a Legislated Quotas for Women's Representation

............... pca03a1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Legislated Quotas for Women's Representation

............ pca03b Legislated Quotas for National Minorities

............... pca03b1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Legislated Quotas for Minority Representation

...... pcb Internal Functioning of Political Parties

......... pcb01 Legal Regulations Regarding Internal Functioning

............ pcb01a Internal Elections for Leadership Positions

............ pcb01b Other Legal Regulations Regarding Internal Functioning

......... pcb02 Internal Voluntary Party Regulations

............ pcb02a Candidate Selection within Political Parties

............... pcb02a1 Primary Elections

............ pcb02b Voluntary Party Candidate Quotas

............... pcb02b1 Voluntary Party Candidate Quotas for Women

............... pcb02b2 Voluntary Party Candidate Quotas for other Disadvantaged Groups

............... pcb02b3 Conditions under which voluntary party quotas are most likely applied

............... pcb02b4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Voluntary Party Candidate Quotas for Women's Representation

............... pcb02b5 Factors influecing the implementation of voluntary party candidate quotas

......... pcb03 Party Structure

......... pcb04 Party Media

......... pcb05 The Role of Members

...... pcc Parties and Candidates in the Electoral Process

......... pcc01 Political Party Codes of Conduct

............ pcc01a Content of Political Party Codes of Conduct

......... pcc02 Registration for Election and Nomination of Candidates

............ pcc02a Registration Requirements of Candidates for Election

............... pcc02a1 Monetary Deposits for Ballot Access

............ pcc02b Criteria to stand as a candidate

......... pcc03 De-Registration of Parties and Candidates

......... pcc04 The Effect of Electoral System on Parties and Candidates

............ pcc04a District Magnitude and Political Parties

............ pcc04b Party Magnitude and Candidate Selection

............ pcc04c The Effect of Electoral System on Party System

............ pcc04d The Effect of Electoral System on Candidates

......... pcc05 By-Elections

......... pcc06 Relationship between Parties and Candidates and the Electoral Management Body

............ pcc06a Parties and Candidates as Stakeholders

............ pcc06b Types of Involvement

............ pcc06c Political Parties Liaison Committee

......... pcc07 Media in Election Campaigns

......... pcc08 Campaigning

......... pcc09 Coalitions and Elections Alliances

......... pcc10 Resignation, Removal, Death of a Candidate Before an Election

......... pcc11 Parties as Election Monitors

...... pcd Parties and Candidates in Legislatures

......... pcd01 Formation of Government

......... pcd02 Party Group/Caucus

......... pcd03 Floor-Crossing

......... pcy_in India: Reservation of Number of Seats for Minorities

......... pcy_kh Cambodia: Code of Conduct

......... pcy_ru Russia: Electoral Campaign of Variable Duration

......... pcy_usa United States: Study on Primary Elections

......... pcy_za South Africa: Case Study on Floor-Crossing

...... pcz Sources/Bibliography