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Direct Democracy

Egypt

DD002

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy Procedures at the national level?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 137, 151, 157, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD003

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Mandatory Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	The President of the Republic may not dissolve the House of Representatives except by a causative decision and following a public referendum. To dissolve the House of Representatives, the President must issue a decision to suspend parliamentary sessions and hold a referendum within 20 days. If voters agreed with a valid majority on the dissolution, it shall be carried out. The declaration of a state of emergency must be approved by a majority of members of each Council. The declaration shall be for a specified period not exceeding six months, which can only be extended by another similar period upon the people’s approval in a public referendum. If a constitutional amendment request is approved by both Houses, each of them shall discuss the text of the articles to be amended within 60 days from the date of approval; if approved by a two-thirds majority of each House, the amendment shall be put to public referendum within 30 days from the date of approval. The amendment shall be effective from the date of announcement of the referendum result.
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art. 137, 151, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD004

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Optional Referendums at the national level?
Answer:	a. Yes
Comments:	The President of the Republic may call for a referendum on important issues relating to the supreme interests of the State. The result of a referendum shall be binding to all state authorities and the general public in all cases.
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.157: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD005

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Citizen’s Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, revised 2019: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD006

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Agenda Initiatives at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, revised 2019
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD007

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Recalls at national level?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD129

Question:	Are the results of referenda always binding, never binding or sometimes binding?
Answer:	a. Always binding
Comments:
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.137, 151, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD130

Question:	Are the types of issues to vote upon in a referendum constitutional changes only, other issues only or both constitutional and other issues?
Answer:	c. Both constitutional and other issues
Comments:
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014, art.137, 151, 161, 226: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

DD131

Question:	Are there any Legal Provisions for Direct Democracy at sub-national levels (regional or local)?
Answer:	b. No
Comments:
Source:	Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt 2014: http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf (2014).
Verified:	2025/09/30

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