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Elections and Conflict 82 materiales

Título	Descripción
Albania: Pre-Election Report, Local Elections, ICG (2000)	This report from the International Crisis Group discusses the political tensions in Albania ahead of the local elections in 2000. The elections were and important test of popular support for the governing Socialist-led coalition. The report concludes that successful elections are important for regional stability.
Papua New Guinea: Realigning Electoral Incentives: Lessons for the 2012 National General Election from conflict theory and public policy, The National Research Institute (2010)	This paper was published by the National Research Institute of Papua New Guinea in 2010. The authors analyze the management of the elections in the country (in particular the Papua New Guinea Electoral Commission's work) and presents a few recommendations and suggestions for improvements. To prevent conflict in particular, the Commission should work closely with other institutions and candidates, communities and voters not only to manage the elections, but to "realign the incentives that drive behavior."
Towards a Global Framework for Managing and Mitigating Election-related Conflict and Violence, International IDEA (2010)	This is a report on the 'International IDEA Workshop on Election-related Conflict and Violence'. This workshop brought together some of the key organizations and practitioners working in this field with the aim of providing an opportunity for peer review of existing methodologies and materials. The report highlights the need of further and deeper cooperation in this field, and to approach election-related violence in a more holistic and comprehensive way, involving multiple actors and organizations.
Why confederation in Post-Referendum Sudan is key to prosperous, stable, and good neighborliness, Sudan Tribune (2010)	This analytical report is on: why Confederation in Post Referendum Sudan is Key to Prosperous, Stable, and Good Neighbourliness between the North and South if South Chooses Independence?
Reconciliation after Violent Conflict	Reconciliation after Violent Conflict presents a range of tools that can be, and have been, employed in the design and implementation of reconciliation processes. Most of them draw on the experience of people grappling with the problems of past violence and injustice. There is no ‘right answer’ to the challenge of reconciliation, and so the Handbook prescribes no single approach. Instead, it presents the options and methods, with their strengths and weaknesses evaluated, so that practitioners and policy-makers can adopt or adapt them, as best suits each specific context.
La réconciliation après un conflit violent	International IDEA a pour vocation de promouvoir la démocratie durable dans le monde. Cela implique que l’on s’intéresse à tous les défis particuliers liés à la démocratisation après un conflit violent. Cela peut inclure la reconstruction de la politique et de la société par les acteurs nationaux, ou la prise en compte temporaire de la construction de la démocratie par les Nations Unies ou d’autres organismes. Dans les deux cas, le sujet de la réconciliation, à savoir le processus de prise en charge de l’héritage de la violence passée et de la reconstruction des relations brisées qu’elle a engendrées, fait l’objet d’un intérêt croissant. Il est aussi urgent de trouver de meilleurs outils pour aborder ce problème, qui est l’un des plus difficiles de l’après-violence. Ce manuel est une réponse à une telle urgence. Il n'y a pas une seule solution au défi de la réconciliation, le manuel ne prescrit pas d'approche unique. Au lieu, il présente les options et les méthodes et évalue leurs forces et leurs faiblesses, de sorte que les praticiens et les décideurs politiques peuvent les adopter ou les adapter, à chaque contexte spécifique.
South Sudan Reports Progress on Seperation Issues, VOA News (2011)	South Sudan is reporting progress on issues that remain to be resolved with the northern Khartoum government. Just two weeks after final results from the south’s referendum were announced, they are nearing agreements on how to handle the south’s oil and currency after separation.
Peru: Final Report, NDI/Carter Center Joint Election Monitoring Project (2000)	The Carter Center and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs promoted a comprehensive international monitoring effort to observe the 2000 elections in Peru. This joint project focused mostly on the pre-election period, the most delicate one. The two institutes identified some issues regarding the lack of media coverage, incidents of intimidation, and unlawful actions by the state security agencies.
Democracy, Conflict and Human Security: Further Reading (Volume 2) (2006)	For many across the world, democracy is in a crisis of legitimacy and credibility. The idea that people have the right to control their government and that a government is legitimate only if and when it is controlled by the people has won almost global recognition, hardly matched by any other world view in modern history. It transcends cultures, religions and languages; it takes multiple forms and survives in the most inhospitable environments. However, the way in which the idea of democracy is translated into practice can leave much to be desired. In a world characterized by rising inequality, democratic systems will be judged on how they include and deliver to constituent populations. This book, a companion volume to Democracy, Conflict and Human Security: Pursuing Peace in the 21st Century, addresses the nexus between democracy, conflict and human security in a way which recognizes that this is highly political, not technical, terrain. It places at centre stage the fundamental need for democratic practice, and reminds us that in every society, North and South, the democratic project is a long-term, ongoing one. This book is part of IDEA’s efforts to contribute to a major ongoing debate and, hopefully, to the strengthening of a democratic practice that responds to the quests for human dignity and development. This publication contains specific studies which were contributed to the debate, from diverse experiences and contexts. This volume complements and enriches the first volume in two ways: by providing perspectives by leading scholars, analysts and policy makers, and by offering a more in-depth look at critical themes and case studies.
Democracy, Conflict and Human Security: Pursuing Peace in the 21st Century (Volume 1) (2006)	Democracy, Conflict and Human Security: Pursuing Peace in the 21st Century tackles questions on how democracies can deliver social and economic rights, include all citizens in decision making and reduce poverty. This new publication is a two-volume set that explores ways in which democratic practice can contribute to the management of contemporary conflicts and promote the realization of security and development objectives. Volume I contains analysis and recommendations based on wide-ranging research and evaluation of lessons learned from democratization processes, past and ongoing. Volume II presents essays and case studies by leading specialists from around the world that further develop the themes and findings presented in Volume I. Democracy, Conflict and Human Security argues that effective democracy building moves beyond the process of elections and technical assistance and examines how democratic practice relates to human security. Governments may hold free elections but fall short in other democratic measures such as the separation of powers, the freedom of the press, and guarantees of human rights. These two volumes are aimed at practitioners, parliamentarians, politicians, government officials and policy makers concerned with problems such as social exclusion, the quality of democracy and new forms of authoritarian regimes. They are intended to be a basis for continued debate, dialogue and options for change.
Hope for Change in the Middle East, Carnegie Endowment (2011)	In this Q&A video , Marina Ottaway explains that the changes will be different in every Arab country. We should anticipate the biggest transformation in Libya, with fewer breaks from the past in Egypt and Tunisia. Unlike the experiences in Eastern and Central Europe—where communism and backing from the Soviet Union were the common elements propping up the regimes—each country in the Arab world faces a unique situation.
Nigeria: Electoral Violence and National Security	A paper by Tafa A. Balogun, Inspector General of Police on Electoral Violence and National Security in Nigeria (2003).
Afghanistan:Security Briefing Report, Presidential Elections, ICG (2004)	Elections and Security ASIA Briefing report from the International Crisis Group (ICG) on the security situation preceding the 2004 Presidential elections in Afghanistan. The report discusses the status of security in Afghanistan and the implications for the continued development of democracy in the region and the potential for free and fair elections.
Afghanistan: Briefing Paper, Afghan Elections, AREU (2004)	"Afghan Elections: The Great Gamble", a briefing paper from the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). Elections for what? The purpose of this briefing paper is to challenge policy makers to consider whether elections will help or hinder the achievement of the Bonn Agreement’s overall objectives by analysing the following questions: What’s at stake? Are elections politically desirable? Who stands to gain? Can elections be secure? Are elections feasible? Where to go from here?
Afghanistan: Briefing Paper, Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, AREU (2004)	Afghanistan - Free, Fair or Flawed: Challenges for Legitimate Elections This briefing paper published in September 2004 by the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) outlines key challenges and recommendations for increasing the credibility and perceived legitimacy of the presidential and parliamentary elections in Afghanistan.
Cambodia: Joint Statement on Atmosphere Prior To the 2008 Election of Members of the National Assembly (2008)	This is a joint statement by COMFREL, ANFREL, CHRAC, NICFEC, and PEFOCJ regarding the atmosphere prior to the 2008 National Assembly Election in Cambodia.
Disentangling Democracy and Development as Determinants of Armed Conflict	The paper "Disentangling Democracy and Development as Determinants of Armed Conflict" by Håvard Hegre (the World Bank, January 2003) explores the relationship between development, democracy and civil war.
Electoral Choices for Divided Societies: Moderation through constituency pooling and vote pooling	A paper by Matthijs Bogaards (Department of Politics, University of Southampton) prepared for Workshop on “Parties, Party Systems and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World” (2001).
Governance in Post-Conflict Situations: Electoral Systems and Processes (UNDP)	Chapter III of this paper by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) examines electoral systems and processes in post-conflict situations.
Manipulating Electoral Rules: Intra-Party Conflict, Partisan Interests, and Constitutional Thickness	Do political parties manipulate electoral rules in predictable, strategic ways in order to stay in power longer? The answers are in the paper "Manipulating Electoral Rules: Intra-Party Conflict, Partisan Interests, and Constitutional Thickness" by Kenneth Mori McElwain (Stanford University).
Electoral Assistance and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding - What Lessons Have Been Learned?	The paper "Electoral Assistance and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding - What Lessons Have Been Learned?" written by Benjamin Reilly, Senior Lecturer at the Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government
Electoral Systems and Conflict Management: Comparing STV and AV Systems	The paper "Electoral Systems and Conflict Management: Comparing STV and AV Systems" by Benjamin Reilly, Research Fellow at the National Centre for Development Studies, Australian National University Canberra.
Nigeria: Report on Electoral Violence in South-South	A report on electoral violence in the South-South Region of Nigeria following the 2003 Senate and House of Representatives Elections (organization unknown)
Electoral Conflict and Violence: A Strategy for Study and Prevention (IFES)	The paper "Electoral Conflict and Violence: A Strategy for Study and Prevention" by Jeff Fischer (IFES White Paper 2002-01) - February 5, 2002
Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa	The paper "Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa" was written by Timothy Murithi from the Keele University
Enhancing Women’s Participation in Electoral Processes in Post-conflict Countries	The report "Enhancing Women’s Participation in Electoral Processes in Post-conflict Countries" by the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women, Department of Political Affairs, 20 February 2004, EGM/ELEC/2004/ REPORT
Postconflict Elections: War Termination, Democratization, and Demilitarizing Politics	The working paper written by Terrence Lyons (February 2002) for the Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution - George Mason University
Elections and Security (2006)	This article by Sean Dunne discusses general election and security issues. In particular it looks at principles of election and security, analysis of possible threats with regard to elections and security, and special security measures for elections.
Elections in Fragile States: Between Voice and Violence, Timothy Sisk (2008)	What factors generate election-related violence in fragile states? How can the international community address these? This study from the University of Denver suggests that social structure, political competition, the competence of the electoral administration and the degree of professionalism in the security sector contribute to election-related violence. International influence at mid-rank levels among the perpetrators of violence is limited. Donors therefore need to take a pragmatic approach by working with parties to develop pre-election peace pledges and by tracking violent incidents.
Sudan: Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2005)	This document is an English version of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of the Republic of The Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Sudan People's Liberation Army. This agreement officially ends the civil war in Sudan and South Sudan. The text has provisions regarding power sharing and the basic structures of the post-conflict state of Sudan.
Lebanon: Taif Agreement (1989)	This document is and English version of the Taif Agreement. The treaty, negotiated in Taif, Saudi Arabia, ended the civil war and reestablished Lebanese sovereignty over its territory. This agreement is the basic law creating the political institutions of the Lebanese state.
Ethiopia: Final Report, General Elections, The Carter Center (2009)	This is an electoral observation report published by the Carter Center. This institution observed the 2005 national and regional elections in Ethiopia. Despite the successful preparations for the elections, the mission witnessed serious misconducts and unlawful activities during the electoral process. The report briefly presents the political background of the elections, and focuses mostly on the postelection observation. Ultimately, the Carter Center acknowledges the importance of these elections in the country’s democratic transition, but believes that Ethiopia did not fulfill its obligations to guarantee political rights and freedoms.
Lebanon: The Way to Exit from Lebanon's Morass (2008)
Perú: Consulta Popular de Revocatoria de Autoridades Municipales 2008 - Parte I (2008)	Nos muestra datos desde el inicio del proceso de revocatoria de autoridades. Analiza las estadísticas de la adquisición de kits electorales, circunscripción donde se llevó a cabo el proceso, resultados del proceso y las causas planteadas para solicitar la consulta de revocatoria.
Election, Paix et secutié en Afrique de l'Ouest	Cette publication de l'Institut de Gorée, identifie et analyse de l'impact des processus électoraux sur la paix et la sécurité des citoyens et des états en Afrique de l'ouest.
Election Resources, The Communication Initiative Network	Links to resources available through the Communication Initiative Network. Menus allow you to filter publications by topic area.
Afghanistan:Pre-Election Observation Report,Presidential and Provincial Elections, ICG (2009)	Afghanistan's Elections Challenges: This report from the International Crisis Group (ICG) analyzes the difficulties that Afghanistan will have to face in order to conduct fair and democratic elections in 2010. The Afghan Independent Election Commission, supported by the UN, will need to address a series of delicate yet essential issues. These issues include subjects such as the legal framework of the elections (the electoral law and the political party law) and the voter registration procedures. A fundamental aspect to take into account will be the security issue: all citizens in all regions should have the possibility to exercise their right to vote without intimidations or threats. The 2010 elections are fundamental to restore the authority and reliability of democratic institutions in the country.
Perú:Módulo de capacitación sobre Conflictos Electorales-2da parte, Democracia Activa (2011)	Segunda parte del Módulo de Capacitación sobre Conflictos Electorales elaborado por Democracia Activa-Perú
Perú:Módulo de capacitación sobre Conflictos Electorales-3ra parte, Democracia Activa (2011)	3ra parte del Módulo de Capacitación sobre Conflictos Electorales elaborado por Democracia Activa-Perú
République Démocratique du Congo: Communiqué de presse de la CENI, Actes de violence du 20 octobre (2011)	Ce communiqué de la Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante déplore les actes de violence ayant éclatés lors d'une manifestation d'un parti de l'opposition le 20 octobre 2011. La CENI demande aux autorités et à tous les partis politiques de faire part de modération et de respecter la Constitution.
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Report of the United Nations joint Human Rights Office on human rights and fundamental freedoms during the pre-electoral period in the RDC (2011)	This report from the MONUSCO and the United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner gives analyses on the human rights and fundamental freedoms situation during the 2011 pre-electoral period in the RDC.
Democratic Republic of the Congo: What Elections Mean: Identities, Return and Reintegration in the DRC, International IDEA (2006)	This document is and extract from ‘Democracy in War -torn Societies’, International IDEA (2006) Democracy, Conflict and Human Security: Pursuing Peace in the 21st Century, pp. 183 -184.
Perú: Consulta Popular de Revocatoria de Mandato de Autoridades Municipales 2008, Resultados del Proceso - Parte III (2008)	Estadistica generales de dicho proceso donde podemos encontrar un análisis sobre el ausentismo electoral, distritos donde se realizó este proceso y un paralelo de todos los procesos de revocatoria desde su promulgación como ley.
Perú: Nuevas Elecciones Municipales 2009 y Revocatoria de Autoridades Municipales 2009 - Parte I (2009)	Detalla diversos aspectos de las Nuevas Elecciones Municipales 2009 como las circunscripciones en las que se realizará el proceso, las autoriades a elegir y la aplicación de las cuotas electorales. Por otro lado, toca temas referentes al proceso de revocatoria como las circunscripciones donde se llevará a cabo, las autoridades consultadas y el nivel de aprobación de las Elecciones Municipales 2006.
Election-Related Disputes and Political Violence: Strengthening the Role of the African Union in Preventing, Managing, and Resolving Conflict, International Peace Institute (2010)	This report was released by the International Peace Institute (IPI) in partnership with the African Union. This is the the first publication of the African Union Series. The AU decided to focus on election-related violence: the Panel of the Wise has chosen to dedicate its first thematic reflections to developing strategies for the prevention of election-related violence. In doing so, the Panel acknowledged the growing importance of electoral processes in the continent, and of their role in the consolidation of democracy. This report identifies the weaknesses in the governance of elections and recommends mechanisms to prevent election-related disputes and conflicts in a long-term approach.
Afghanistan: Observation delegation report, parliamentary elections, European Parliament (2005)
Somaliland: A way out of the electoral crisis, International Crisis Group (2009)	This report offers an overview of the electoral crisis in Somaliland and suggests specific steps that need to be taken in order to improve the current situation.
Côte d’Ivoire:Report, Presidential Elections, International Crisis Group (2010)	Africa Report Number 158, Securing the Electoral Process: A report by The International Crisis Group on the upcoming presidential elections in the Côte d'Ivoire and the surrounding conflicts. The elections have been delayed six times and the report includes background on the situation as well as recommendations to government and international actors to facilitate the electoral process.
Côte d’Ivoire: Rapport, élection présidentielle, International Crisis Group (2010)	Rapport Afrique Nº158, Sécuriser le processus électoral: Un rapport sur l'élection présidentielle dans La Côte d'Ivoire et la violence dans la région. Le rapport inclut des recommandations pour le gouvernement et la communauté internationale pour mieux faciliter les élections déjà reportées à six reprises.
Colombia: Mapas y factores de riesgo electoral 2010 - Elecciones de Congreso (2011)	Informe sobre las zonas de riesgo de conflicto electoral en el proceso electoral colombiano del año 2010.
Policy and Practice Brief: Strategies to Prevent and Manage Electoral Violence, ACCORD (2010)	The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) is a civil society organization based in South Africa. This organization works to find creative solutions to the various conflict-related challenges in the African continent. In 2010, ACCORD launched a new series of resource material, the 'Policy and Practice Brief'. This document is the first publication of the series and focuses on “Strategies to prevent and manage electoral violence.” ACCORD acknowledges the importance of preventing election-related violence to strengthen the democratic processes in the continent, and studies new strategies in a long-term perspective. Finally, this brief provides recommendations to governments and the civil society, as well as security personnel.
Côte d'Ivoire: Accord de Prétoria (2005)	Cet accord négocié à Prétoria en Afrique du Sud met fin à la guerre civile en Côte d'Ivoire. Les parties signataires s'engagent à amorcer un processus de démobilisation des milices et de réintégration des combattants. Les divers groupes s'entendent pour changer la composition de la Commission Électoral Indépendante et la tenue d'élections libre en Côte d'Ivoire.
Perú:Módulo de capacitación sobre Conflictos Electorales, Democracia Activa (2011)	Módulo de Capacitación sobre Conflictos Electorales elaborado por Democracia Activa-Perú
Iraq: Factsheets, IHEC and UNAMI Office of Electoral Assistance (2009-2010)	This document contains 26 factsheets about the Iraqi electoral system and voting procedures. The numerous documents give information about specific subjects such as: election and security, the nomination of candidates, the eligibility to vote, the fraud mitigation measures, out-of-country voting, the legal framework, voter education, ballots and also the pooling and counting procedures.
Insights 74: Elections and the democracy challenge, Institute of Development Studies (2008)	Insights 74: Elections and the democracy challenge, August 2008. Insights is a publication that offers an overview of policy-relevant research on international development. Eldis is a knowledge service from the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex. This issue from 2008 contains articles on a number of election related issues including elections and conflict and internet voting.
Afghanistan: Electoral Law (2005)	This document is an unofficial English translation of the Afghanistan Electoral Law of 2005. The text regulates the activities related to electoral processes and has special provisions regarding the country’s transitional period.
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Determining How Districts Might be Delimited in a Post-Conflict Society
Philippines: Understanding the Election-related Violent Incidence of 2007 (2008)	This case study deals with election-related violent incident in the 2007 Philippines Election.
Afghanistan:Pre-Election Report, Presidential Election, ICOS (2009)	Afghanistan Election: Guns and Money, International Council on Security and Development - ICOS (2009) This report published by London-based think-tank ICOS, highlights the upcoming elections in Afghanistan and the risk of conflict that could be sparked by them. Afghanistan’s presidential elections, to be held on 20 August 2009, will be a critical moment for a country struggling to deal with a violent Taliban insurgency and a crisis of legitimacy. As such, the success or otherwise of this election will prove crucial. Yet promises of legitimate, transparent elections may prove more difficult to fulfil than had been hoped.
Sierra Leone: Final Report, General Elections, The Carter Center (2002)	The final report of The Carter Center on the 2002 presidential and parliamentary elections in Sierra Leone, that were conducted only four months after a formal declaration of peace.
Solomon Islands Legislative Needs Assessment Report, UNDP (2001)	This report recommends certain legislative changes to the Solomon Islands legal texts, electoral procedures and parliamentary codes that aim to improve the parliamentary rule after the solomon Islands' conflict.
Election thieves face jail in The Hague - Ocampo, Daily Monitor (2010)	Mr Louis Moreno Ocampo, a prosecutor The International Criminal Court in The Hague has warned that those who interfere with elections with violence will be prosecuted in The Hague.
Elections, Democracy and Stability in Pakistan, International Crisis Group (2007)	This report analyzes the delicate political situation in Pakistan. After Musharraf’s failure to dismiss the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the opposition parties and the civil society might try to set in motion a democratic transition. The International Crisis Group recommends to hold fair and democratic elections to resolve this political crisis. Furthermore, the ICG calls on the International Community, namely the EU and the US, to help this democratic transition and to preserve the stability of the region.
Iraq's Provisional Elections: the Stakes, International Crisis Group (2009)	This report analyzes thoroughly the political scenario in Iraq right before the 2009 elections. Iraq has to address a series of fundamental issues that have long been ignored: deteriorating security, mismanagement, dysfunctional governance and corruption among all. Since the 2005 elections there have been significant improvements – a new generation of politicians will be competing, for example – but much has to improve.
Preparing for the Polls: Improving Accountability for Electoral Violence in Uganda, Human Rights Watch (2009)	As the second multi-party elections in Uganda are scheduled for 2011, and these elections are seen as crucial for promotion of human rights, Human Rights Watch published a report based on research and investigations carried out during the 2001 and 2006 election periods as well as new research from September and October 2009 analyzing the current situation and providing specific steps including different stakeholders that could help to eliminate electoral violence.
Sierra Leone: Final Report, Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, The Commonwealth Secretariat (2007)	This report was published by the Commonwealth Secretariat as a result of an observation mission for the 2007 Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in Sierra Leone. The 2007 elections in Sierra Leone marked a very important transition in the country. For the first time, political power was transfered from one elected civilian government to another. Furthermore, for the first time it was introduced the first-past-the-post system for the election of the parliament members. Lastly and most importantly, these elections tested the country's democratic stability: this was the first election held without the presence of UN peacekeepers.
Africa's year of elections: The democracy bug is fitfully catching on, The Economists (2010)	This article discusses the role of elections in the democratic processes in Africa. In the continent elections have become a normal occurrence, and this year in particular has witnessed remarkable developments. This article analyzes the factors that made it possible with a worried eye towards the future.
Elections and Conflict Prevention: A Guide to Analysis, Planning and Programming. UNDP (2009)	This is a Guide published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2009. The aim of this publication is to present electoral assistance strategies that can prevent election-related violence. The practical options and tools presented in this Guide were designed by UNDP and its partners in many years of experience in the field. The Guide first analyzes the causes, patterns and monitoring of election-related violence, and then presents the strategies and principles for its prevention, providing examples and lessons learned in case studies.
Côte d'Ivoire: Rapport de la mission de soutien, processus électoral du 12 au 16 juillet , Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, (2005)
Côte d'Ivoire: Rapport de la mission exploratoire, échéances électorales de 2005 du 29 septembre au 4 octobre, Organisation internationale de la Fancophonie, (2003)
Post-Election Public Opinion in Kosovo 2011, IFES (2011)	Findings from an IFES Survey conducted in February 2011 Through USAID
Symposium report, SADC ECF (2008)	Report of the Symposium marking the 10th Anniversary of the Electoral Commissions Forum of SADC Countries (ECF-SADC). The symposium was held in Zanzibar in 2008.
Somalia: The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic (2003)	This document is an English version of the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic. The text, written at the Somali National Reconciliation Conference in Kenya 2002-2003, aims to institute a federal state and promotes democracy, the rule of law and national reconciliation. The charter also mentions the role of the transitional government in helping the fighting factions to convert themselves into non-belligerent political organizations.
Côte d'Ivoire: Mission d’évaluation des besoins électoraux, 13 au 27 octobre, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (2004)
Columbia: Briefing Report, Presidential Elections, ICG (2002)	Latin America Briefing N°2: The Stakes in the Presidential Election in Colombia, 22 May 2002- This briefing report from the International Crisis Group (ICG) provides a a brief overview of the political and social context surrounding the 2002 presidential elections in Colombia. The article discusses the significance of the election for the future of democracy in Colombia.
Nicaragua: Final Report, General Elections, The Carter Center (1990)	This report is a survey of the activities of the delegation led by the Council of Freely-Elected Heads of Government that was invited to monitor the Nicaraguan electoral process from September 1989 through the inauguration of Violeta Barrios de Chamorro.
Democracy and Deep-Rooted Conflict: Options for Negotiators (1998)	The handbook provides practical advice on how to broker peace in countries emerging from deep-rooted conflict and outlines options negotiators can draw upon when trying to build or rebuild democracy. The handbook provides a thorough overview of democratic levers - such as power-sharing formulas, questions of federalism and autonomy, options for minority rights, constitutional safeguards and many others. It analyses actual negotiated settlements from places like Bosnia, Fiji, Northern Ireland, Guatemala, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea and South Africa. Written by international experts and experienced negotiators, the handbook is designed as a quick reference tool containing numerous case studies, fact sheets and practical examples.
Reports That LRA's Kony is Hiding in Darfur Alarm South Sudan, VOA News (2010)	Following reports that the leader of the Ugandan Lord's Resistance Army rebels may be hiding in a Khartoum-controlled region of Darfur in Sudan, a researcher for the Washington-based Enough Project says it is still not clear where he is. There is concern that LRA forces are preparing to launch attacks in South Sudan during next month's national elections.
Afghanistan:Observation Report, General Election, ANFREL (2005)	This report on the 2005 general election by the Asian Network for Free Elections includes background information on the political environment in Afghanistan, security concerns and the development strategy. The report includes general observations on election day as well as observations from specific polling stations across the country.
Sudan: Darfur Peace Agreement (2006)	This document is an English version of the Darfur Peace Agreement. The text mentions the roles of electoral processes, wealth sharing and power sharing in the establishment of a durable peace between the Government of the Sudan, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Justice and Equality Movement.
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Elections in sight: “Don’t Rock the Boat”?, Human Rights Watch (2005)	This paper looks at the different chalenges regarding human rights and elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Guide, Voting Rights for Internally Displaced Persons, ANFREL (2011)	This guide, written by the Asian Network for Free Elections, provides information on means by which internally displaced persons (IDPs) can assert their voting rights.