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These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ACE for any give topic of interest - weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other.
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Legal Framework
3rd Edition, 2012
Topic Index
Bibliography
Bibliography for Legal Framework Encyclopaedia Topic
ACE Electoral Knowledge Network. Encyclopaedia. Parties and Candidates Financial Regulations. Internet Website.
http://aceproject.org/ace-en/review/pc/pca/pca02
Aguiló Regla, Josep. Teoría General de las Fuentes del Derecho (y del orden jurídico). Barcelona. Ariel. 2000.
Al-Khalidi, Suleiman. “UPDATE 2-Jordan sets Jan. 23 for early parliamentary election.” Reuters Website, October 16, 2012.
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All Africa Website. “Egypt: Several Pivotal Cases to Be Reviewed By Administrative Court.” July 12, 012. http://allafrica.com/stories/201207170712.html
Aragón, Manuel. Constitución, democracia y control. México. UNAM. 2002.
Balaguer Callejón, Francisco. Fuentes del Derecho I. Principios del ordenamiento constitucional. Madrid. Tecnos. 1991.
Barwig, Andrew. “The day after tomorrow: Prospects for real electoral reform in Jordan.” November 8, 2010. In Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS). Arab Uprisings: Jordan, Forever on the Brink. POMEPS Briefing 11, 33-35.
http://pomeps.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/POMEPS_BriefBooklet11_Jordan_Web.pdf
BBC News Website. “Jordan sets date for early parliamentary elections.” October 16, 2012.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19964073
_ _ _ . “Jordan teeters on edge of political instability.” October 27, 2012.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20104169
Beck, Martin. “Jordan's 2010 Election Law: Democratization or Stagnation?” Landerbericht Website, October 2010.
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Biscaretti di Ruffia, Paolo. Introducción al derecho constitucional comparado. México. FCE. 2000.
Black, Ian. “Jordan's king calls early elections as tension rises over long-delayed reforms.” The Guardian, October 4, 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/04/jordan-king-elections-demands-reform
Carbonell, Miguel (compilador). Democracia y representación: un debate contemporáneo. México. TEPJF. 2005.
_ _ _ . Teoría de la Constitución. Ensayos escogidos. México. Porrúa/UNAM. 2002.
CBC News: Politics Website. “Supreme Court upholds Conservative win in Toronto riding: Ex-Liberal MP in Etobicoke Centre loses court challenge, Conservative Ted Opitz keeps seat.” October 25, 2012.
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_ _ _ . “9 voices on the Supreme Court election ruling.” October 26, 2012.
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Chase, Steven. “Voting process to be tightened after top court ruling on Etobicoke Centre election.” The Globe and Mail, October 25 2012.
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Dahl, Robert and Clegg, Michael. “Legal Frameworks for Effective Election Complaints Adjudication Systems.” In International Foundation for Electoral Systems.
Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating, and Resolving Disputes in Elections (GUARDE).
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Daily News Egypt Website. “Constituent Assembly dodges dissolution bullet.” October 23, 2012.
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Dalton, Jennifer. “Supreme Court minority defended the integrity of our elections.” Ottawa Citizen, March 6, 2015.
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Davis-Roberts, Avery, Senior Program Associate in the Carter Center’s Democracy Program. “International Obligations for Electoral Dispute Resolution.” Electoral Dispute Resolution Discussion Paper presented at the Electoral Dispute Resolution Experts Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, February 24-25, 2009.
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Democracy Digest Website. “Jordan: dialog, not regime change, the route to democratic reform?” March 6, 2015.
http://demdigest.net/blog/jordan-dialog-not-regime-change-the-route-to-democratic-reform/
Democracy Reporting International (DRI). Comprehensive Assessment of Egypt's Electoral Framework. Berlin, Germany: Report, Democracy Reporting International, July 11, 2011.
http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/egypt_electoral_framework.pdf
_ _ _ . Comprehensive Assessment of Egypt's Electoral Framework - Part II. Berlin, Germany: Report, Democracy Reporting International, August 10, 2011.
http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/dri_assessment_part_ii.pdf
_ _ _ . “Jordan risks democratic stagnation if it misses this opportunity for substantive reform. “ Berlin and Amman: Press Release, February 3, 2010.
http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/dri-ujrc-3feb.pdf
_ _ _ . “Jordan’s New Election Law: Much Ado about Little.” Briefing Paper, October 6, 2010.
http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/briefing_paper_6_-_jordan_new_election_law.pdf
_ _ _ . What Electoral System for Egypt? Briefing Paper 32, Democracy Reporting International, October 2012.
http://www.democracy-reporting.org/files/bp_32_egypt_electoral_systems.pdf
Democracy Reporting International (DRI) and The Carter Center. “Overview of State Obligations relevant to Democratic Governance and Democratic Elections.” Berlin, Germany/Atlanta Georgia, United States of America. 2012.
http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/[...]
_ _ _ .
Strengthening International Law to Support Democratic Governance and Genuine Elections.
Berlin, Germany/Atlanta Georgia, United States of America. 2012
http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/[...]
Egypt Independent Website. “Administrative court upholds ruling to dissolve Parliament.”
Edited translation from Al-Masry Al-Youm, September 23, 2012.
_ _ _ . “Appeal on People's Assembly elections results adjourned to 15 October.”
Edited translation from Al-Masry Al-Youm
, September 22, 2012.
_ _ _ . “Islamist leaders nominate Shater for next People's Assembly speaker.” Edited translation from Al-Masry Al-Youm, September 27, 2012.
http://www.egyptindependent.com/[...]
_ _ _ . “Top court commissioners preparing report on Shura Council legality.” Edited translation from Al-Masry Al-Youm, August 30, 2012.
http://www.egyptindependent.com/[...]
Election Commission of India. “Key Highlights, General Elections, 2009 (15th LOK SABHA).” Official Website,
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/24_KeyHighlights.pdf
Elections Canada. “The Impact of Civic Education on Voter Turnout.” Canada’s Democracy Week 2012 Website. http://www.democracy-democratie.ca/content.asp?section=res&dir=rsrch/icevt&document=icevt&lang=e
Electoral Commissions Forum of SADC Countries and Electoral Institute of Southern Africa (EISA). Principles for Election Management, Monitoring, and Observation in the SADC Region. As Adopted on 6 November 2003 at the Kopanong Hotel and Conference Centre, Benoni, Johannesburg. Johannesburg, South Africa: Electoral Institute of Southern Africa, 2004. March 6, 2015:
http://www.eods.eu/library/EISA.Principles%20for%20Election%20Management,%20Monitoring,%20and%20Observation%20in%20the%20SADC%20Region.pdf
Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. EISA Election Witnessing Report Egypt: The People’s Assembly and Shura Council Elections November 2011-February 2012. Johannesburg, South Africa: EISA, 2012.
http://eisa.org.za
European Commission.
Handbook for European Union Election Observation, Second Edition.
Sweden: Elanders Sverige AB, 2008.
http://eeas.europa.eu/eueom/pdf/handbook-eueom-en-2nd-edition_en.pdf
European Commission and Network of Europeans for Electoral and Democracy Support (NEEDS).
Compendium of International Standards for Elections, Second Edition.
Sweden: Elanders Graphic Systems AB, 2008:
http://www.needs-network.org
European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity Website. “Jordan Update.” July 27, 2012.
http://www.europeanforum.net/country/jordan
Fox, David and Sammour, Katrina. “Disquiet on the Jordanian Front. “Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, SADA Website, September 27, 2012.http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/index.cfm?fa=show&article=49500&solr_hilite=Jordan
Galván Rivera, Flavio,
Derecho Procesal Electoral Mexicano
, S.E., México 2000.
García de Enterría, Eduardo. La Constitución como norma y el Tribunal Constitucional. Madrid. Civitas. 2001.
Georgetown University, Democracy and Governance Studies. “The Chinese Electoral Framework Project.” Website.
http://cefp.georgetown.edu
Goldenberg, Adam. “A victory for Canadian democracy.” Ottawa Citizen, October 25, 2012.
Halaby, Jamal. “Jordan's king pushes elections as reform path.” Yahoo News Website. October 23, 2012.
http://news.yahoo.com/[...]
Hazaimeh, Hani. “‘Postponing elections may be best option for resolving political crisis’.” The Jordan Times, July 15, 2012.http://jordantimes.com/postponing-elections-may-be-best-option-for-resolving-political-crisis
Ibbitson, John. “Supreme Court showed its historic reluctance to get involved with elections.” The Globe and Mail, October 25, 2012.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/[...]
Information for Development Program and International Telecommunications Union. “Snapshot of Different Legal Traditions.” ICT Regulation Toolkit Website. http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/section.1648.html
International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES). “Disagreements over Jordan's New Electoral Law.” Democracy assistance & elections news from the Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS). July 23, 2012.
http://www.electionguide.org/country-news.php?ID=110
_ _ _ . Elections in Egypt:
Analysis of the 2011 Parliamentary Electoral System
. Washington D.C.: IFES Briefing Paper, November, 2011.
_ _ _ . Elections in Egypt: Implications of Recent Court Decisions on the Electoral Framework. Washington, D.C.: IFES Briefing Paper, August, 2012.
http://www.ifes.org/~/media/Files/Publications/[...]
_ _ _ .
Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating, and Resolving Disputes in Elections (GUARDE)
.
Edited by Chad Vickery. United States of America: IFES, 2011.
_ _ _ . “Jordan changes electoral law.” Democracy assistance & elections news from the Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS). June 26, 2012.
http://www.electionguide.org/country-news.php?ID=110
_ _ _ .
Political Finance Regulation: The Global Experience
. Edited by Magnus Öhman and Hani Zainulbhai. United States of America: IFES, 2009.
http://www.ifes.org/files/Political_Finance_Regulation_The_Global_Experience.pdf
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA).
International Electoral Standards: Guidelines for Reviewing the Legal Framework of Elections.
Halmstad, Sweden: Bulls Tryckeri, 2002.
http://www.idea.int/publications/ies/upload/electoral_guidelines.pdf
_ _ _ .
Political Finance Regulations Around the World:
An Overview of the International IDEA Database.
Edited by
Magnus Ohman.
Sweden: Trydells Forum,
2012.
http://www.idea.int/publications/political-finance-regulations/[...]
Kao, Kristen. “Jordan’s Ongoing Election Law Battle.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, SADA Website, July 5, 2012.
http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/07/05/jordan-s-ongoing-election-law-battle/ck59
Kovick, David and Young, John Hardin. “Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms” In International Foundation for Electoral Systems
. Guidelines for Understanding, Adjudicating, and Resolving Disputes in Elections (GUARDE).
Edited by Chad Vickery. 229-257. United States of America: IFES, 2011.
http://www.ifes.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Books/2011/GUARDE_final_publication.pdf
Kuttab, Daoud. “Electoral Reform in Jordan: Reading the Political Tea Leaves.” Qantara.de Website. August 1, 2012.http://en.qantara.de/Reading-the-Political-Tea-Leaves/19585c497/index.html
Luck, Taylor. “'Trust gap’ preventing Muslim Brotherhood boycott reversal.” The Jordan Times, July 15, 2012.
http://jordantimes.com/[...]
Macfarlane, Emmett. ” Supreme Court makes the right call on election — but only just.” Macleans, October 26, 2012.
http://www2.macleans.ca/[...]
Merloe, Patrick.
Promoting Legal Frameworks for Democratic Elections: An NDI Guide for Developing Election Laws and Law Commentaries
. Washington, DC: National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI), 2008.
http://www.ndi.org/files/2404_ww_elect_legalframeworks_093008-1.pdf
Middle East North Africa Financial Network Website. “Jordan King – Countdown to Elections has Begun.” Jordan Times, March 6, 2015.
http://jordantimes.com/article/countdown-to-elections-has-begun----king
MSN News Website. “Appeal on People’s Assembly elections results adjourned to 15 October.” Edited translation from Al-Masry Al-Youm, March 6, 2015:
http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/appeal-people-s-assembly-elections-results-adjourned-15-october
Ahram Online . “Egypt court refuses reinstatement of dissolved lower house of parliament.” September 23, 2012.
http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/53546.aspx
Muawad, Hasan. “Jordan needs electoral law reform, says Brotherhood deputy.” Al Arabiya, November 2, 2012.
http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/11/02/247277.html
National Post Editorial Board. “Restoring confidence in democracy in Etobicoke Centre.” National Post, October 25, 2012.
http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2012/10/25/[...]
Neimat, Khaled. “Opposition leaders suggest postponing elections to draft ‘acceptable law’.” The Jordan Times, July 9, 2012.
http://jordantimes.com/opposition-leaders-suggest-postponing-elections-to-draft-acceptable-law
Nohlen, Dieter (compilador). Tratado de derecho electoral comparado de América Latina. México. Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Universidad de Heidelberg, TEPJF, IFE, FCE. 1998.
Nohlen, Dieter, Fernández Baeza, Mario,
Elecciones
, en Diccionario Electoral, UNAM, IIJ/UNAM, TEPJF, IFE, Tomo I, México, 2003.
Norris, Pippa. “Are There Global Norms and Universal Standards of Electoral Integrity and Malpractice? Comparing Public and Expert Perceptions.” Faculty Research Working Paper Series, Harvard Kennedy School, March 6 2015:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCYQFjAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.hks.harvard.edu%2Fpublications%2FgetFile.aspx%3FId%3D771&ei=y8r5VIDIPMeqgwSOxIGwAQ&usg=AFQjCNFSGVuNB2owF3eeJccdZh7otNavLg&sig2=VD7xGARBeobcjCPCZdjbPg&bvm=bv.87611401,d.eXY
Öhman, Magnus. “Conclusions.” In International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES).
Political Finance Regulation: The Global Experience
. Edited by Magnus Öhman and Hani Zainulbhai, 101-107. United States of America: IFES, 2009.
http://www.ifes.org/files/Political_Finance_Regulation_The_Global_Experience.pdf
_ _ _ . “Practical Solutions for the Public Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns.” In International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES).
Political Finance Regulation: The Global Experience
. Edited by Magnus Öhman and Hani Zainulbhai, 55-81. United States of America: IFES, 2009.
http://www.ifes.org/files/Political_Finance_Regulation_The_Global_Experience.pdf
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
(OSCE) Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR).
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Poland: Poligrafus Andrzej Adamiak, 2010.
_ _ _ .
Guidelines for Reviewing a Legal Framework for Elections.
Warsaw, Poland: OSCE,2001.
Orozco Henríquez, J. Jesús (coordinador). Sistemas de justicia electoral:
evaluación y perspectivas. México. IFE, PNUD, UNAM, IFES, IDEA, TEPJF. 1999.
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Sistemas de justicia electoral en el Derecho Comparado
, in: J. Jesús Orozco Henríquez (ed.),
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Los sistemas de justicia electoral en el derecho comparado
; in: International seminar on electoral dispute resolution: Comparative perspective on Central America, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic; IFES, TEPJF, TSCR, IIDH, IFE; San José, 2000.
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Las causas de nulidad electoral en América Latina
,
in Jesús Orozco Henríquez (Compilador), Justicia Electoral en el Umbral del Siglo XXI, Memoria del III Congreso Internacional de Derecho Electoral; TEPJF, IFE, UNAM, UQR, PNUD, Tomo III, México, 1999.
Diccionario Electoral, UNAM, IIJ/UNAM, TEPJF, IFE, Tomo II, México, 2003.
Prieto Sanchís, Luis. Justicia constitucional y derechos fundamentales. Madrid. Trotta. 2003.
Jordan, Forever on the Brink. POMEPS Briefing 11, May 9, 2012.
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Legal Framework
Introduction
Context
Overview
Guiding Principles
Introduction
Structural Underpinnings of the Legal Framework
Different Legal Traditions
Political and Governmental Systems
Territorial Organization of the State
Democratic Political Government
Political Parties System
Legal Instruments
International Treaties
Constitutions
Electoral Laws
Administrative Regulations
Judicial Precedent
Electoral Authorities Executive Agreements
Codes of Conduct
Creation and Amendment Process
Creation Strategies
Amendment Process
Essential Elements
Electoral System
Electoral Management
Electoral Boundary Redistribution
Voter Registration
Requirements
Registration Procedures
Political Parties and Candidates
Political Parties and Other Organizations
Political Parties
Alliances of Political Parties
Other Political Organizations
Candidates
Qualifications
Independent Candidates
Registration Process
Voting Operations
Ballots
Polling Stations
Voting Procedures
Vote Counting
National and International Observers
Voter and Civic Education
Media and Elections
Elections and Technology
Electoral Campaign
Political Financing
Election Integrity
Electoral Dispute Resolution
Different Systems
Legislative Model
Judicial Court Model
Specialized Electoral Tribunal Model
Autonomous
Part of the Judiciary
Constitutional Courts Model
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Appeals and Other Challenges
Classes
Reviewable Resolutions
Who can file electoral appeals
Terms
Evidence
Election Nullification
Electoral Reform
The EMB’s Role in Electoral Reforms
The Scope of Electoral Reform
Managing Electoral Change
Risks Associated with Electoral Reform
Chapter Summary
Annexes
Bibliography
Contributors
End Notes
Case Studies
Canada: Considering the Right to have a Vote Counted and Procedural Non-compliance at Voting Stations.
Egypt: Parliamentary Elections and the Judiciary
Fiji and the Solomon Islands: Political and Electoral Reforms
Ghana: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
Jordan: A Changing Electoral Framework
Kenya: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
Malawi: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
Namibia: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
Nigeria: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
Seychelles: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
Sierra Leone: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
South Africa: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform
Zambia: Insights into EMB role and approaches of engagement
Practitioner's Network discussing Legal Framework
EMBs maintaining level electoral playing field (13 Dec 2017)
Limits to universal suffrage (04 May 2017)
Comparative examples of rules and procedures applying to by-elections (15 Dec 2016)
Political parties binding elected members in voting (28 Apr 2016)
Amending the Uruguay Constitution (28 Jul 2015)
Restrictions on Political Campaigning in Myanmar and Beyond (01 Jul 2014)
Promoting youth in elected positions (19 Jun 2014)
Regulations for political party names (22 Apr 2014)
Registration fees for political parties and candidates standing for elections (07 Apr 2014)
Voters signing in support of more than one candidate or party (03 Apr 2014)
Formula for the number of Members of Parliament? (03 Mar 2014)
Electoral reforms made by specific assemblies (22 Aug 2013)
Comparative examples of electoral procedures and legislation considering the customary laws of indigenous communities (23 Jul 2013)
Examples of election-time caretaker governments in parliamentary democracies (13 May 2013)
Examples of regulation of political parties in constitutions (24 Apr 2013)
Geographical requirements and ban on trade union officials when registering a political party (28 Feb 2013)
Fate of old voter register in an emerging democracy (28 Feb 2013)
Abrogation of quotas for women (06 Feb 2013)
Challenging the prohibition of independent candidates (11 Dec 2012)
Regulations restricting photography and filming inside polling stations (19 Nov 2012)
Managing the power of incumbency (16 Nov 2012)
Apportionment of parliamentary seats (25 Oct 2012)
Appointing leading Election Commission positions in absentia (24 Sep 2012)
Gender quotas in Africa (10 Sep 2012)
El voto golondrino/manipulation of electoral demography (01 Aug 2012)
Impact of electoral finance on election-related violence? (11 Apr 2012)
Elected Member of Parliament not allowed to stay on as independent MP after leaving party: Examples? (26 Mar 2012)
Lack of explicit legal provisions defining EMB powers and duties (09 Mar 2012)
Limited voting rights for electoral officials? (23 Jan 2012)
Creation, composition and mandate of Working Group for Electoral Reform (11 Jan 2012)
Paramount chieftaincy as a system of local government (20 Dec 2011)
Constitutional change based on simple (not absolute) majority? (21 Nov 2011)
Timor-Leste: Pros and cons of a single, codified electoral law (08 Nov 2011)
Proportional Representation in Hong Kong Government (20 Sep 2011)
Legislative Re-election (20 Sep 2011)
Codes of conduct for the electoral process (28 Feb 2011)
Burma (Myanmar) 2010 Elections: Restrictions for candidate registration (29 Apr 2010)
Definition of mental illness in electoral law (18 Dec 2009)
Voting by homeless people (09 Jul 2009)
Conduct during Elections for Civil Servants and Ministers (21 Jan 2009)
Vetting electoral candidates (19 Sep 2008)
Access to ballots for recount (28 Dec 2006)
Guiding principles for legal framework of elections (28 Dec 2006)
Voting Rights of the Military (28 Dec 2006)
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