default —
Skip to content.
|
Skip to navigation
Subscribe to the ACE Newsletter
Search Site
Advanced Search…
English
Home
Encyclopaedia
Comparative Data
Electoral Materials
Support and Advice
Regions & Countries
About ACE
Personal tools
Log in
Practitioners' Network
You are here:
Home
→
Encyclopaedia
→
Topic Areas
→
Election Observation
→
Origins of Election Observation
Practitioner Login
English
Subscribe to ACE Newsletter
Topics
These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ACE for any give topic of interest - weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other.
ELECTORAL FRAMEWORK
Legal Framework
Boundary Delimitation
Electoral Systems
ELECTORAL PARTICIPATION
Gender and Elections
Parties and Candidates
Disability and Elections
Media and Elections
Civic and Voter Education
Direct Democracy
ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT
Electoral Management
Cost of Elections
ELECTORAL INTEGRITY
Electoral Integrity
Campaign Finance
Measuring Electoral Quality
Election Observation
Electoral Assistance
ELECTORAL OPERATIONS
Voter Registration
Voting Operations
Voter Identification
Results Management
Out of Country Voting
Elections and Technology
Elections and Security
Countries
Resources
Encyclopaedia
Electoral Materials
Comparative Data
Election Calendar
Observation Portal
BRIDGE
Extended Learning
Latest Updates
Expert Advice
Ask the Experts
Consolidated Replies
Find An Expert
Access ACE Practitioners' Workspace
About
About ACE
The History of ACE
Contact ACE
ACE Partners
Practitioners' Network
FAQ
Info
Election Observation
full text on one page
Topic Index
default
Election Observation
What is International Election Observation?
Conditions for International Observation
What is Citizen Observation?
Conditions for Citizen Observation
What are the Main Differences Between International and Citizen Observation?
Origins of Election Observation
Democracy Promotion After World War II
Collapse of Communism and Rise of Inter-Governmental Observation
The Rise and Proliferation of Citizen Observation and PVT Technology in the 1980’s
The 1990s: Growth, Collaboration, and Professionalization of the Field
Challenges of International Observation in the 1990’s
The 2000’s: Defining Principles and Building Consensus
Citizen Observation as the Future of Election Observation
Approaches to Observation: Methodology and Tools
Overall Evaluations: The Decline of “Free and Fair”
International Obligations: A Consensus Approach
Obligations as the Basis of Comprehensive Assessment Frameworks
Putting Methodology to Work: Election Day Checklists
Long-term Reporting
Additional Observation Tools:
The Example of ELMO
Early Warning and Parallel Vote Tabulation
Observation Mission Models
After Election Day: Recommendations, Follow up, Advocacy
Methodological Resources
Stakeholder Relationships
Relationship Between International and Citizen Observers
Cooperation Among International Observation Groups
Cooperation among Citizen Observer Groups
Government Authorities and International Observation
Government Authorities and Citizen Observers
Political Parties and Candidates
Media
Donors
Challenges to Observation
Common Challenges
Quality Control
Technology and Public Confidence
Measuring Impact
Mobility and Security
Numbers and Duration
Conclusion
Contact
Privacy Policy
Terms of Use
Accessibility
Site Map
Copyright and Disclaimer
©
1998-2025 ACE project
