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Electoral Integrity and Dispute Resolution 100 materiales

Título	Descripción
Tunisia: Decree no. 35 dated 10 May on the Election of the National Constituent Assembly (2011)	This is an unofficial translation of the presidential decree establishing the rules and procedures for the 2011 Constituent Assembly election. The text includes provisions regarding the voting procedures and the terms and conditions for voters registration. The decree sets the legal framework for dispute resolutions and the accreditation of individuals competing in the election.
Tunisia: Electoral Law of 10 May (English, العربية , Français) (2011)	This document is an unofficial version of the 2011 Tunisian Electoral Law in English, Arabic and French.
Albania: Observation Report, Parliamentary Elections, ICG (2001)	An observation report from the International Crisis Group (ICG) on the four rounds of voting that took place in the parliamentary elections of 2001. Four rounds were held due to accusations of voter fraud but the report indicates that the final process were peaceful and produced a decisive victory for the ruling Socialist Party.
Argentina:Fraude electoral en la Argentina (1910-2010)	Desde 2000, ocasionalmente se vuelve a hablar de fraude en la Argentina. Quizás no sea equivocado, pero debemos saber de qué estamos hablando. Es común pensar que el fraude se acabó en la década del 30, con la oprobiosa actitud de los conservadores. Pero otra mirada podría sostener que nunca desapareció del todo, quedó larvado, latente, y fue evolucionando.
Papua New Guinea: General Elections, Domestic Observation Report, The National Research Institute (2009)	This is an electoral observation report released by the National Research Institute of Papua New Guinea. In 2007, The seventh general elections were held in Papua New Guinea, and Sir Micheal Somare was re-elected Prime Minister. These elections were very important for the country because for the first time a new electoral system was introduced: the the new Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) system replaced the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system. For the first time domestic electoral observers were deployed in polling stations all around the country. The National Research Institute concluded that overall the 2007 elections were well-managed and peaceful, even though election fraud and malpractice continue to be an issue in some regions of the country.
Papua New Guinea: Priorities for a free and fair election, The National Research Institute (2009)	This is a research paper released by the National Research Institute of Papua New Guinea. The authors of this papers analyze the preparations and the management of the 2007 elections, and try to identify the critical issues that should be addressed. Overall, the elections were very successfully managed: no election-related conflict was reported and the new Limited Preferential Voting (LPV) system was introduced without any major setbacks. Voter education campaigns introduced and explained the new system to an unprecedented number of citizens. However, some major issues concern the voter registration procedures and in the general the updating and maintenance of the electoral roll.
Yemen: General Elections Law no. 41 (1992)	This document is an English version of the 1992 Yemeni General Elections Law.
Northern Mariana Islands: Public Law 17-16 HB 17-104 HS1/SS1, Election Law Amendment (2010)	This public law introduces certain changes to the Northern Mariana Islands Electoral Law. The law reforms aim to minimize the recent raises in elections' monetary costs and to put an end to the electoral fraud and intimidation.
Peru: Final Report, NDI/Carter Center Joint Election Monitoring Project (2000)	The Carter Center and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs promoted a comprehensive international monitoring effort to observe the 2000 elections in Peru. This joint project focused mostly on the pre-election period, the most delicate one. The two institutes identified some issues regarding the lack of media coverage, incidents of intimidation, and unlawful actions by the state security agencies.
Afghanistan: Political Parties Law (2005)	This document is an English version of the Afghan Political Party Law. The text establishes the criteria and procedures for the registration of political parties.
Palestine: Election Law no.15 (1995)	This document is an English version of the 1995 Palestinian Electoral Law establishing the basis of the voting system in the Palestinian territories.
Zambia: Final Report, Presidential Elections, The Carter Center (1992)	This report is based on information gathered by the Zambia Voting Observation Project (Z-Vote), which was jointly sponsored by the Carter Center of Emory University and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI). From August to November 1991, Z-Vote organized three pre-election missions and a large-scale international election observer delegation to Zambia. During this period Z-Vote also worked closely with local organizations that monitored the election process.
Mexico: Explaining the Credibility Gap in Mexico’s 2006 Presidential Election, Despite Strong (Albeit Perfectable) Electoral Institutions (2006)	While none of the vote-annulling claims made by Mexico presidential election loser Andrés Manuel López Obrador were backed by reliable evidence, he raised questions about the election’s credibility. This article, written by Todd A. Eisenstadt and Alejandro Poiré, claims that while part of the explanation lies in López Obrador’s ability to frame the election within Mexico’s now-defunct tradition of fraudulent elections, obstacles to full electoral transparency in Mexico do remain, and of a sufficient magnitude to justify further electoral reforms according to the authors.
Afghanistan: Briefing Paper, Afghan Elections, AREU (2004)	"Afghan Elections: The Great Gamble", a briefing paper from the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). Elections for what? The purpose of this briefing paper is to challenge policy makers to consider whether elections will help or hinder the achievement of the Bonn Agreement’s overall objectives by analysing the following questions: What’s at stake? Are elections politically desirable? Who stands to gain? Can elections be secure? Are elections feasible? Where to go from here?
Afghanistan: Briefing Paper, Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, AREU (2004)	Afghanistan - Free, Fair or Flawed: Challenges for Legitimate Elections This briefing paper published in September 2004 by the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) outlines key challenges and recommendations for increasing the credibility and perceived legitimacy of the presidential and parliamentary elections in Afghanistan.
Indonesia: Decree on Electoral Dispute Resolution for Supervisory Committees	This file is the Decree Number 13 of 2003 on the Resolution of Electoral Disputes for the Election Supervisory Committees in Indonesia.
Indonesia: Handbook on Election Result Dispute Settlement	This link features the "Handbook on Election Result Dispute Settlement" prepared by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia.
Vote Buying: Paper (2004)	Paper by Eddie Dekel, Matthew O. Jackson, Asher Wolinsky examining the consequences of vote buying.
Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE (1990)	The Document outlines a number of human rights and fundamental freedoms never before formally accepted in the CSCE context (i.e., the right of peaceful assembly and demonstration, the right to enjoy one's property peacefully, the rights of the child), introduces far-reaching provisions regarding national minorities and broadens the scope of the human dimension to include commitments in respect of elections
"Human Rights and Elections" (1994)	The "Human Rights and Elections"Handbook on the Legal, Technical and Human Rights Aspects of Elections was developed in 1994 by the United Nations Centre for Human Rights in Geneva. Although a bit outdated, this document offers a very useful and comprehensive coverage of the close inter-relationships between human rights and elections.
Training Manual on Human Rights Monitoring	This Manual provides an overview of international human rights standards related to free and fair elections and an analysis of the issues and techniques related to election observation. It is mainly based on the publication "Human Rights and Elections - A Handbook on the Legal, Technical and Human Rights Aspects of Elections" of the (then) United Nations Centre for Human Rights.
Indonesia: Resolution of Disputes related to Electoral Results (IFES)	This paper intends to provide the Indonesian Constitutional Court with guidance for the resolution of disputes related to election results, by providing baseline information to fuel the debates in a workshop organized by IFES for judges and staff on issues of election result disputes and court administration.
Indonesia: Handbook on Election Result Dispute Settlement	This link features the "Handbook on Election Result Dispute Settlement" prepared by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia.
Resolving Election Disputes in the OSCE Area	A report by the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) "Resolving Election Disputes in the OSCE Area: Towards a Standard Election Dispute Monitoring System" written by Denis Petit, ODIHR Rule of Law Expert, Warsaw, 2000.
Declaration On Criteria For Free And Fair Elections (IPU)	The "Declaration on Criteria for Free and Fair Elections" unanimously adopted by the Inter-Parliamentary Council at its 154th session in Paris (March 1994)
Russia: Complaints Procedure (1993)	article on the Arbitration Court on Information Matters, an ad hoc body established specifically for the 1993 parliamentary elections. (written by Richard Carver)
Money and Politics (IFES)	MoneyandPolitics.net provides information on political finance and public ethics initiatives around the world and offers opportunities for experts to contribute their knowledge and share best practices in IFES’ efforts to set global standards in transparency and accountability.
Indonesia: Handbook on Election Results Dispute Settlement(2004)	Information for election stakeholders on how different legal bodies deal with disputes of election results including which court deals with which dispute.
A Guide Transparency in Election Administration	This Guide has been developed to provide information on implementing transparency principles in the electoral process. It is intended to serve as a basis for the development of these principles to contribute to the desired goals of free and fair elections. Association of Central and Eastern European Election Officials; International Foundation for Election Systems; Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation.
Afghanistan Election Complaint Form	Form to be completed by the complaintant and submitted to the Electoral Complaints Commission
Indonesia: Handbook on Election Results Dispute Settlement (2004)	A handbook for election stakeholders on the mechanisms provided by the law as well as the bodies that will carry out the resolution of any disputes of election results. Defines jurisdiction of Constitutional Court and of traditional courts
United States: Complaint Form (2002)
United States: Election Judge Manual	An identification and description of what an election judge is and the responsibility and authority they carry during the electoral process.
Australia: Undertaking Made by Officers and Employees	A declaration signed by persons as they are employed for the election. The declaration commits them to certain conduct and levels of secrecy including also respecting the secrecy of the ballot
United Kingdom: Pocket guide on election fraud and offences (2006)	Leaflet for police officers on election fraud and offences. Local elections May 2006. The Electoral Commission, UK.
Tchad: Loi no 020/PR/2009 portant statut de l'opposition politique au Tchad (2009)	Cette loi vise à donner un statut juridique à l’opposition politique au Tchad. Elle reconnait le droit à toute formation politique de s’opposer au gouvernement soit à l’intérieur des structures parlementaire ou à l’extérieur.
India: CBDT examining reports on political parties provided by EC Read more: CBDT examining reports on political parties provided by EC, The Times of India (2011)	This article reports on the Central Board of Direct Taxes' examination of the reports on political parties provided by the Election Commission to investigate on alleged violation of tax laws and allegations. If the CBDT will certify the violations, the responsible parties will be de-recognized.
Ethiopia: Final Report, General Elections, The Carter Center (2009)	This is an electoral observation report published by the Carter Center. This institution observed the 2005 national and regional elections in Ethiopia. Despite the successful preparations for the elections, the mission witnessed serious misconducts and unlawful activities during the electoral process. The report briefly presents the political background of the elections, and focuses mostly on the postelection observation. Ultimately, the Carter Center acknowledges the importance of these elections in the country’s democratic transition, but believes that Ethiopia did not fulfill its obligations to guarantee political rights and freedoms.
United Kingdom: Purity of Elections in the UK - Causes for Concern, The Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust Ltd. (2008)	This report was commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust to review the extent to which there is evidence of electoral principles and processes being undermined in the UK. The research on which this report is based principally comprised a review of existing documentary sources in the public domain, drawn from a broad range of governmental, legal, academic and journalistic sources.
Lebanon: Lebanon’s Sunni Islamists: A Growing Force (2008)
Lebanon: The Way to Exit from Lebanon's Morass (2008)
Somaliland: Code of Conduct for the Political Organisations and the National Elections Commission, Local Elections (2002)	This document is the English version of the Somaliland Code of Conduct for Political Organizations and the National Elections Commission. The legal text was developed by the electoral commission and the six registered legitimate political organizations of Somaliland. The aim of the paper is to introduce good practices which would guaranty the fairness and freedom of the electoral process.
Sudan: National Elections Act (2008)	This document is an unofficial English translation of the Sudan Electoral Law of 2008. The text regulates the activities and institutions related to electoral processes.
Antigua & Barbuda: Statement issued by Antigua and Barbuda Electoral Commission on General Elections 2009	A statement issued by the Electoral Commission addressing allegations of corruption surrounding the General Elections of March 12, 2009.
Colombia: Mockus reports first round election irregularities, Colombia Reports (2010)	The presidential candidate for the Green Party, Antanas Mockus, denounced procedural irregularities in the first round of the presidential elections. Mr Mockus stated that his party witnessed and reported irregularities that may have affected the results. The candidate also submitted a list of police officials who harassed members of his party.
SADC communique on the Madagascar road map	The Extraordinary Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) held in Sandton, South Africa in June 2011.
Madagascar: Media Release (2011)	Media Release - SADC communique on the road map on Madagascar.
Iraq: Regulation no. 16, Complaints and Appeal (2009)	This regulation sets the different procedures to be followed in order to make complaints and appeals on the electoral procedures and turnouts.
Nepal's Election and Beyond, International Crisis Group (2008)	This report focuses on the elections of the Nepal Constituent Assembly in 2008. The preparation of these elections is crucial in Nepal’s peace process. Major challenges remain, even after peace has come: violence and intimidations are still common. The report makes a few recommendations to the Government of Nepal, the Electoral Commission, the Political Parties and ultimately to the International Community. These elections will only be a first step towards a stable peace in Nepal: security, justice, reconstruction and economic development will be the next issues to consider.
Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and Code of Conduct, United Nations (2005)	The Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and the Code of Conduct for International Election Observers were signed on October 27, 2005, at the United Nations in New York. These documents are the result of many years of talks and negotiations. International election observation plays a fundamental role in providing accurate and impartial assessments about the nature of electoral processes. The aim of this declaration is to give comprehensive and well-established standards to election observation missions all around the world. 23 international organizations and bodies signed the Declaration and the Code of Conduct. Since 2005, twelve organizations recognized and endorsed these documents worldwide.
Polynésie Française: Loi n° 2007-1720 du 7 Décembre Tendant à Renforcer la Stabilité des Institutions et la Transparence de la Vie Politique en Polynésie Française (2007)	Cette loi amène certains changements aux procédures électorales en Polynésie Française.
OAS Assistant Secretary General Reports on Visit to Haiti, ISRIA (2010)	This article reports on the visit of the OAS Assistant Secretary General to Haiti. Albert Ramdin visited the country during last week's parliamentary and presidential elections and presented a report with preliminary recommendations. Mr Ramdin acknowledged the allegations of fraud, but encouraged loosing candidates to appeal to the dispute resolution provisions of the electoral law. The Provisional Electoral Council would not be able to ignore such challenges, he stated, and a closer investigation would follow.
Iraq: Regulations for the Kurdistan region elections (2009)	This document contains the English versions of ten regulations passed for the 2009 Kurdistan regional elections.
Egypt’s Local Elections Farce: Causes and Consequences, Carnegie Endowment (2008)	The Egyptian government’s crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood in advance of the April 8 local elections was motivated by its determination to exclude the Brotherhood from the 2011 presidential election and is likely to persist until the matter of presidential succession is settled, argue two Carnegie experts.
Tunisie: Code Électoral (2010)	Ce document est une version en français du Code Électoral Tunisien avec tous les amendements faits jusqu'en 2010.
Tunisie: Loi 69/25 portant code électoral (1969)	Ce document est une version officielle de la Loi Électoral tunisienne publiée par le Journal Officiel de la République Tunisienne en 1969.
Tunisie: Arrêté du 25 juin 2011 fixant les procédures de recours contre les décisions des démembrements de l’Instance Supérieure Indépendante pour les Élections rattachés aux postes diplomatiques devant l'ISIE (2011)	Ce document est une traduction officielle publiée par l’Instance supérieure Indépendante pour les Élections de la Tunisie.
Iraq: Regulations for the elections (2008)	This document contains all the regulations passed for the 2008 elections in Iraq.
Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN) Ballot Update (2011)	ZESN Ballot Update for the period JUNE- JULY 2011. The Ballot contain the political developments in Zimbabwe.
Ballot Update by Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN), (2011)	An update by Zimbabwe Election Support Network (ZESN) on the latest developments in Zimbanwe. Its cover the period, May - June 2011.
Palestine: Decree of September 2 on Election Law (2007)	This document is the English version of the Decree of 2 September 2007 pertaining the general elections. This Law established the regulations for the general elections in the Palestinian territories.
Palestine: Local Elections Law no.10 (2005)	This document is an English version of the Palestinian Local Elections Law. Under this law, the Central Elections Commission is also in charge of administrating the elections on a local level.
Tchad: Accord politique en vue du renforcement du processus démocratique, 13 août (2007)	Ce document est un accord ayant été signé entre la Majorité Présidentielle et les membres de l'opposition au Tchad. Suite à une étude de l'Union Européenne, les acteurs politiques se sont entendus pour réformer les institutions électorales et ainsi renforcer le processus démocratique.
Tchad: Décret 861/PR/2011 (2011)	Ce décret présidentiel proroge le mandat du Comité d'Appui et de Suivi de l'Accord Politique en vue du Renforcement du Processus Démocratique jusqu’à la fin des élections communales de 2011.
Tunisie: Recueil des textes juridiques relatifs aux élections de l’assemblée nationale constituante (2011)	Ce document est un recueil de textes juridiques en français et en arabe. Les lois mentionnées étaient en vigueur lors des élections de l’Assemblée Nationale Constituante de la Tunisie en 2011. Le recueil comprend 15 lois portant sur les pouvoirs publics, l’Instance Supérieure Indépendante pour les Élections, les dépenses électorales, les partis politiques, les médias ainsi que les opérations de vote.
Yemen: Electoral Dispute Resolution Manual (2002)	This document is an English version of the Dispute Resolution Manual which establishes the legal procedures for the processing of election related complaints and contestations.
Iraq: Factsheets, IHEC and UNAMI Office of Electoral Assistance (2009-2010)	This document contains 26 factsheets about the Iraqi electoral system and voting procedures. The numerous documents give information about specific subjects such as: election and security, the nomination of candidates, the eligibility to vote, the fraud mitigation measures, out-of-country voting, the legal framework, voter education, ballots and also the pooling and counting procedures.
Shadowy campaign financing will mire Iraq's democratic elections, Open Democracy (2010)	This article focuses on the resources of financing and propaganda campaigns in the Iraqi elections 2010.
Indonesia: Final Report, Legislative Elections, The Carter Center (2009)	This is the final report of The Carter Center limited observation Mission to the 2009 Indonesia legislative elections.
Afghanistan: Electoral Law (2005)	This document is an unofficial English translation of the Afghanistan Electoral Law of 2005. The text regulates the activities related to electoral processes and has special provisions regarding the country’s transitional period.
Election thieves face jail in The Hague - Ocampo, Daily Monitor (2010)	Mr Louis Moreno Ocampo, a prosecutor The International Criminal Court in The Hague has warned that those who interfere with elections with violence will be prosecuted in The Hague.
Elections, Democracy and Stability in Pakistan, International Crisis Group (2007)	This report analyzes the delicate political situation in Pakistan. After Musharraf’s failure to dismiss the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the opposition parties and the civil society might try to set in motion a democratic transition. The International Crisis Group recommends to hold fair and democratic elections to resolve this political crisis. Furthermore, the ICG calls on the International Community, namely the EU and the US, to help this democratic transition and to preserve the stability of the region.
One million votes may be nullified amid reports of widespread fraud in Afghan elections, Sify (2010)	This article reports on the vote counting operations in Afghanistan. The preliminary results of the September 18 elections have not been released yet because of the widespread fraud that marred the elections. According to some Western officials, 25% of the votes will be nullified: from 800,000 to 1 million ballot papers.
Maroc: Loi 64-02 modifiant et complétant la Loi 9-97 formant code électoral (2003)	Ce document est une version française de la Loi 64-02 changeant et complétant certains articles du code électoral marocain.
Albania: Observation Report, Parliamentary Elections, European Parliament (2005)	The observation report from the European Parliament observation mission for the July 2005 parliamentary elections in Albania. The report includes notes on the formation of the ad-hoc group for the mission and subsequent preparations as well as election observations. The report indicates that abuse of the system weakened the elections.
Electoral Dispute Resolution in Ukraine 2004, 2006 and 2007	In December 2004, in the middle of the Orange Revolution, the Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) adopted major, systemic and controversial amendments to the 1996 Constitution, transforming Ukraine’s system of governance into a parliamentary-presidential republic. Unfortunately, the 2004 changes included numerous provisions that have, in practice, given rise to major conflicts both within the executive branch (the Presidency vs. the Cabinet of Ministers) as well as among the executive, legislative (Parliament) and judicial branches (including a running battle on the powers of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine). The 2004 amendments were, arguably, the prime legal enabler of the 2007 pre term parliamentary election.
EC-UNDP Partnership on Electoral Assistance	The EC and UNDP have been collaborating in the field of electoral assistance since 1997 but it is since 2004, with the implementation of the project in support of the electoral processes in the Democratic Republic of Congo that the collaboration was strongly intensified, leading to the signature, in 2006, of the "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of Electoral Assistance Programmes and Projects". This website contains links and references to the formulation and implementation of Electoral Assistance projects of the EC and the UNDP.
Guidelines for AU Electoral Observation and Monitoring Missions (2002)	This document features the "Draft Guidelines for Electoral Observation and Monitoring Missions" of the African Union. Being a regional organization, the African Union recognizes the importance of the electoral observation in the in the democratic process in Africa. The following guidelines are meant to strengthen the democratization and governance processes in the continent, and to promote the AU involvement in electoral observation missions. This draft was released on February 2002.
Palestine: Elections Law no.9 (2005)	This document is an English version of the Palestinian Electoral Law no.9 of 2005. The legislation establishes women quotas within electoral lists. Certain prepositions mention that the electoral system is mixed and therefore based equally on the principles of relative majority and proportional representation.
Côte d'Ivoire: Observation Report, Voter Verification, The Carter Center (2010)	The Carter Center International Election Observation Mission to Cote d’Ivoire: Report on Voter Verification, Claims, and Objections of Provisional Voters List November to December 2009 - This report is assembled from The Carter Center observation mission; observers in fourteen regions assessed the process of posting and public verification of the provisional voters list. It includes information on the procedure for verification and claims as well as incidents of fraud.
Columbia: Briefing Report, Presidential Elections, ICG (2002)	Latin America Briefing N°2: The Stakes in the Presidential Election in Colombia, 22 May 2002- This briefing report from the International Crisis Group (ICG) provides a a brief overview of the political and social context surrounding the 2002 presidential elections in Colombia. The article discusses the significance of the election for the future of democracy in Colombia.
Afghan election commission reports new evidence of serious fraud, The Miami Herald (2010)	This article reports on the Independent Election Commission's reports of electoral fraud in last week's election. The IEC found new evidence of serious fraud, which delineates a pattern of widespread intimidation, vote rigging and violence. On the southern districts the voter turnout exceeded 100%: in one district in the Paktika province, there was a 626% turnout.
Sudan: Fact Sheet, The National Election Act (2008)	This fact sheet provides practical information about Sudan's electoral law.
Haiti: Post-election Statement, General Elections, OAS-CARICOM (2010)	This is the post-election statement released by the OAS-CARICOM Joint Electoral Observation Mission in Haiti. The mission observed the presidential and legislative election held on November 28 in the country. This statement discusses the events before the elections, and the Election Day itself, providing a preliminary analysis and a series of recommendations.
Independent Review Commission on the General Elections held in Kenya on 27 December 2007	The report specifically examines the integrity of the whole electoral process, from voter registration and nomination of candidates through voting, counting, transmission and tallying to dispute resolution and post-election procedures, deals with the role of political parties, observers,the media, civil society and the public at large, and comments on the independence, capacity and functional efficiency of the ECK.
Electoral Justice: The International IDEA Handbook (2010)	An effective electoral justice system is a key element in the unfolding of a free, fair and genuine democratic process. Without a system to mitigate and manage inequality or perceptions of inequality, even the best management of an electoral process may lead to mistrust in the legitimacy of the elected government. This Handbook examines the concept of electoral justice and how to prevent electoral disputes. Using examples from countries such as Afghanistan, Argentina, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Burkina Faso, France, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States, it will assist any country with the design and implementation of an electoral justice system that best suits their situation.
Marshall Islands: Elections and Referenda Act (2006)	Here is the Marshall Islands Electoral Law.
Marshall Islands: Final Report and Recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry, General Elections (2007)	This report by the Commission of Inquiry analyses the voting operations and the management of the 2007 Marshall Islands elections.
Marshall Islands: Legislative Needs Assessment, UNDP (2002)	This UNDP report makes a review of the electoral process, the legal texts and the political institutions in the Marshall Islands. The paper gives recommendations aiming to strengthen transparency and accountability of the electoral authorities and the government.
Afghanistan:Observation Report, General Election, ANFREL (2005)	This report on the 2005 general election by the Asian Network for Free Elections includes background information on the political environment in Afghanistan, security concerns and the development strategy. The report includes general observations on election day as well as observations from specific polling stations across the country.
Afghanistan:Observation Report, Presidential Election, ANFREL (2004)	A report from the Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL) on the 2004 Afghanistan presidential elections. The observation mission included the first two Afghan women to be involved in an international observation mission. The ANFREL mission focused on contributing to electoral integrity, providing accurate information and enhancing the capacity of civil society organizations.
Afghanistan:Pre-Election Observation Report, Presidential and Provincial Elections, NDI (2009)	This report is was issued by a multi-national delegation assembled by the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI). The report includes information gained through interviews with political and civic leaders as well as representatives from various sectors of the international community in Kabul. The delegation's activities were designed to provide an accurate assessment of the political environment and demonstrate the international community's interest in the development of democratic governance in Afghanistan.
Tchad: Communiqué Officiel du 7 février (2011)	Ce communiqué stipule que la commission électorale a été informé que des individus reproduisent illégalement des cartes d'électeurs aux élections
Burkina Faso: Post-Election Statement, Presidential Elections, ECOWAS (2010)	This is a preliminary statement of the electoral observation mission deployed by the ECOWAS to monitor the elections in Burkina Faso. The mission considered the November 22 elections as peaceful, free, credible and transparent. The observers identified some weaknesses in the electoral process, but no major irregularity affected the credibility of the election.
Tonga: Final Report, Constitutional and Electoral Commission (2009)	This report was produced by the Tonga Electoral Commission. The paper makes recommendations on the constitutional and legal reforms that have to be made in order to improve the electoral system.
Tonga: Interim Report, Constitutional and Electoral Commission (2009)	This interim report was produced by the Tonga Electoral Commission. The paper adresses the constitutional and legal reforms needed in order to improve the Tonga electoral system.
South Africa: Declaration from 7th Southern Africa Civil Society Forum, (2011).	The declaration from the 7th Southern Africa Civil Society Forum held in South Africa on 8th and 9th August, 2011.
Kiribati: Act to Amend the Elections Ordinance to Minimise the Abuse of the Costom as a Defence to election Offences and for Connected Purpose (2009)	This act aims to stop electoral abuse and offences. An explanatory memorandum attached to the law explains that voters take advantage of the electoral period to obtain favors and material goods from candidates.
République Démocratique du Congo: Communiqué de la CENI code de bonne conduite (2011)	Dans ce communiqué, la Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante déplore le non respect du code de bonne conduite par certains partis politiques et individus lors de la période pré-électorale de 2011.
Marshall Islands: Revised Code, Election Offences Act (2004)	This law is the re-codified version of the Election Offences Act.