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Autonomous
Part of the Judiciary
Contributors to Legal Framework
Registration of Political Parties as Organisations
Financial Regulations
Timing of Direct Public Funding
Allocation of Direct Public Funds
Reporting and Public Disclosure of Party Finance
Prohibited Sources of Funds
Legislated Quotas
Legislated Quotas for National Minorities
Internal Functioning of Political Parties
Internal Elections for Leadership Positions
Internal Voluntary Party Regulations
Candidate Selection within Political Parties
Primary Elections
Voluntary Party Candidate Quotas
Voluntary Party Candidate Quotas for other Disadvantaged Groups
Conditions under which voluntary party quotas are most likely applied
Advantages and Disadvantages of Voluntary Party Candidate Quotas for Women's Representation
Factors influencing the implementation of voluntary party candidate quotas
Party Structure
Party Media
The Role of Members
Electoral Management
The Independent Model of Electoral Management
The Governmental Model of Electoral Management
The Mixed Model of Electoral Management
Centralized or Decentralized EMBs
EMBs in Federal Countries
Representation of the EMB before Cabinet and the Legislature
Chapter Summary
Chapter Summary
EMB Membership
Status of EMB Members
EMB Decision-Making Processes
Chapter Summary
Use of Public Service Staff for EMB Secretariats
Permanent and Temporary Staff
Procedures for the Appointment of EMB Secretariat Staff
Staff Training and Development
Factors that May Inhibit EMB Professionalism
What Electoral Costs Need to be Financed?
Availability of Budget Funds
Chapter Summary
Auditing EMBs
Performance Audits
Methodology and Scope of a Performance Audit
Performance Audit Outputs
Financial Audits
Programme Evaluation by EMBs
Peer Reviews
Chapter Summary
Managing Electoral Change
Chapter Summary
Procurement
Boundary Delimitation
Electoral District Alternatives
Alignment of Districts with Administrative Boundaries
Composition of the Boundary Authority
Degrees of Boundary Authority Centralisation
Frequency of Electoral District Delimitation
Length of Time Permitted for the Delimitation Process
Public Access to the Delimitation Process
Equal Population in Redistricting
Communities of Interest: Delimiting Boundaries
Tasks Involved in Drawing Electoral District Boundaries
Information Required to Draw Electoral Districts
Allocating Seats
Preparing a Districting Database
Delimitation Technology
Electoral Laws: Acts and Ordinances
EMB Rules, Regulations and Proclamations
Chapter Summary
EMB Sustainability
Why Is EMB Sustainability Important?
Automated Voting and Counting Processes
Alternative Methods- Pro and Con
Periodic List - Advantages
Continuous Register
Continuous Register - Advantages
Continuous Register- Disadvantages
Civil Registry
Civil Register - Advantages
Civil Register - Disadvantages
Administration Considerations
Encouraging Registration
Characteristics of Eligible Voters
Identification for Registration Purposes
Voter's Proof of Identification
The Voter Identification Card: Advantages and Disadvantages
Voluntary versus Mandatory Registration
Self-initiated versus State-Initiated Registration
Resident versus Non-resident Voters
Political Parties and Interest Groups
Voting location
Anonymous registration
Eligibility for simultaneous elections
Secondary uses of voter register
Multi-part forms
Computerisation
Technologies
E-registration
Cost Considerations
Logistical Planning - Continuous Register
Logistical Planning - Civil Registry
Registration Data Collection
Procurement
Operational Infrastructure
Voter Education
Implementation
Compiling Registration Data
Storing Registration Data
Method of Production
Voters’ Register Maintenance
Promotion Strategies
Gathering Changes to Preliminary List
Production of Final Voters List
Distribution of Final Voters List
Audit Trail Maintenance
Closing Date for Registration
List Revisions for Early Voters
Objection Hearings
Election Day Registration Additions and Revisions
Contributors to Voter Registration
Direct Democracy Instruments
Functional Divisions between Electoral Institutions
Voter Registration
International Activities
The Financing of EMBs
Donor Funding
Other Sources of EMB Funding
Overview
Guiding Principles
Context
Bibliography
Contributors
Cost/Benefit Considerations
Types of Offences
Budget
Integrity Problems and Solutions
Staffing and Recruitment
Electoral System
Boundary Delimitation
Registration by Mail and by Internet
Privacy Rights about Voter Information
Electoral Campaign
Access to Media
Opinion Polling
Political Finance
Political Finance Enforcement
Clear Law and Regulations
Independent Political Finance Regulator
Political Finance Regulator: Oversight Powers
Political Finance Oversight - Audits
Political Finance Oversight - Investigations
Political Finance Regulator: Enforcement Powers
Enforcement Powers - Material Incentives
Enforcement Powers - Administrative
Enforcement Powers - Civil and Criminal
Political Finance: Access to Information
Vote Secrecy
Election Security
Voting Materials
Internet Voting
Official Results
Different Types and Requirements for Vote Counting
Differences in terms of Where the Counting is Held
Criteria to Determine when Votes should Count as Valid
Special Considerations for Counting Votes Cast Outside the Country
Procedures for Vote Counting at Voting Stations
Opening/Closing Ballot Boxes
Sorting
Checking Validity of the Ballot
Separating Spoiled and Rejected Ballots
Separating Valid Ballots
Counting
Count of Spoiled and Rejected Ballots
Sealing the Ballots
Transmitting Voting Station Results
Voting Station Statement of Votes
Issuing of the Statement of Votes
Communicating Results
Consolidating Results: List Systems
Judicial Recounts
Preparation for Ballot Box Transport
Creation of Ballot Account
Providing Security Controls
Creation of Transport Logs
Arrangement for Transport of Ballot Boxes to the Counting Centre
Transport of Ballot Boxes
Securing Ballot Boxes During Transportation
Unloading of Ballot Boxes
Completion of Transport Logs
Sorting of Ballots
Separating Spoiled and Rejected Ballots
Counting
Sealing of the Ballot Box
Issuing the Statement of Votes
Tallying Results Per Party or Candidate
Judicial Precedent
Electoral Authorities Executive Agreements
Codes of Conduct
Creation Strategies
Essential Elements
Electoral System
Voter Registration
Voter Registration
Voter Registration
Civic and Voter Education
Common Features of Voter Information and Education
Explaining electoral systems
The Election calendar and timetable
Political Parties in Voter Education
Election officials in voter education
Use of Election Sites for Voter Education
Election management authority offices
Voter Education at Voting Sites
Voter Education at Counting stations
Role of Voter Education in Registration Process
Basic Civic Education
Direct Democracy
Civic Education
Introduction to civic education
Authoritarian Regimes and Fragile States
Post war reconstruction
Civic Education in Emerging Democracies
Civic Education During Emergencies
Institutionalising Civic Education
National Curricula for Civic Education
Responsibility of Civic Education Among National Institutions
Popular education
Social Processes
The Educational Mandate
International Principles of the Educational Mandate
Legislative Framework for Voter Education
National Legislation and Local Ordinances Impact Voter Education Initiatives
Election legislation
Constructing a Voter Education Mandate
Stakeholders in Voter Education Mandate
Election Management Authority and Other Statutory Bodies as Stakeholders in the Voter Education Mandate
Organised Civil Society as Stakeholders in the Voter Education Mandate
Contestants as Stakeholders in the Voter Education Mandate
Competition and Cooperation in Educating Voters
Mechanisms for Partnerships in Voter Education
Assessing the Context
Voter Background
Consideration of Demographics in Shaping Voter Education
Cultural and Religious Norms
Gender
Using Existing Resources for Education Programmes
Country Infrastructure
Venue for Education Events
Communication Mechanisms
Importance of Mass Media in Education Programmes
Existing Social Organisations
International Support
Marginalized Voters and Groups with Special Needs
Framing Questions to Maximize Survey Data
Using Existing Data
Educating Leaders and Citizens
Codes of Conduct
Ensuring the Participation of Shut-Ins and the Physical Challenged
State-owned Media
National Impact Media
Community Impact Media
Voter Education Clothing
Simulations
Web-based Voter Education Materials
Budgeting and Financing for Voter Education Programmes
Registration for Election and Nomination of Candidates
By-Elections
Types of Involvement
Political Parties Liaison Committee
Media in Election Campaigns
Campaigning
Coalitions and Elections Alliances
Legal Principles
Obligations of Pluralism
Right of Access to Government Media
Publishing Opposition Views
Protecting the Safety of the Media
Provisions that Affect Both Private and Public Media
Implementation Mechanism for Media and Election Regulations
Implementation Mechanism: Media Self-Regulation
Implementation Mechanism: Electoral Commission
Complaints Procedure on Media Coverage
News Blackouts
Hate Speech - Operations of the Regulator
Accreditation of Journalists
Accreditation of Foreign Media
Journalists' Right of Access to Election Events
Provisions for Public Media
Paid Political Advertising
Examples of Countries that Allow Paid Political Advertising
Political Advertising and Campaign Spending Limits
Quantitative Media Monitoring Methods
Bibliography
Contributors
Principles of Electoral Integrity
Ethical Behaviour
Fairness and Impartiality
Overview
Guiding Principles
Context
Contributors
Tanzania: Getting the Register Right (1998)
Voter Registration trends and practices around the world