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These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ACE for any give topic of interest - weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other.
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Media and Elections
3rd edition, 2012
Topic Index
Introduction
.
Media and Elections
Introduction
Overview
Media as Watchdog
Media as a Campaign Platform
Media as Open Forum for Debate and Discussion/ Public Voice
Media as Public Educator
Gender, Media and Elections
Additional Resources
Guiding Principles
Context
The Media Landscape Today
Media Literacy
Radio
Television
Print
New Media
Media Ownership and Elections
Public Media: State, Government and Public Service Broadcasting
Private and Corporate Media
Community Media
Party and Politician-owned Media
Media Safety
Relative Importance of Different Media
Existing Media Regulatory Frameworks
Legal Framework for Media and Elections
International Law on Media and Elections
Media and Democracy
Obligations of Pluralism
Freedom of Political Debate
Right of Access to Government Media
Publishing Opposition Views
Right of Reply to Media Reports during Elections
Limits to Liability of Media During Elections
Restrictions on Political Speech
Criticism of Politicians and Government
Right to an Effective Remedy
Protecting the Safety of the Media
National Law or Regulations on Media During Elections
Who Should be Involved in the Drafting Process?
A Specified Campaign Period?
Different Obligations of Public and Private Media
Provisions that Affect Both Private and Public Media
Implementation Mechanism for Media and Election Regulations
Implementation Mechanism: Existing Media Regulatory Body
Implementation Mechanism: Media Self-Regulation
Implementation Mechanism: Electoral Commission
Implementation Mechanism: Elections Media Commission
Implementation Mechanism: Judiciary
Complaints Procedure on Media Coverage
News Blackouts
Regulating Coverage of Opinion Polls
Policies on Hate Speech and Defamation
International and Comparative Law on Hate Speech
Media Liability for Reports of Unlawful Statements
Hate Speech - Operations of the Regulator
Right of Reply to Criticism or Adverse Statements
Journalists' Right of Access to Election Events
Accreditation of Journalists
Accreditation of Foreign Media
Provisions for Public Media
Allocation of Time to Candidates and Parties
Equal or Equitable Direct Access Coverage?
Criteria for Allocation of Direct Access Time
Timing and Length of Direct Access Slots
Who Pays for Direct Access Broadcasts?
Who Produces Direct Access Broadcasts?
Direct Access in Referenda
Paid Political Advertising
Examples of Countries that Allow Paid Political Advertising
A Mixed System of Advertising and Free Access
Regulation of Content of Direct Access Material?
Political Advertising and Campaign Spending Limits
Government's Duty to Inform - Voter Information
Third Party Campaigning
Balanced News Coverage
Provisions for the Private Media
The Gap between Law and Practice
EMB Media Relations
Establishing an EMB Media Relations Department
Establishing an EMB Media Relations Department’s Mandate and Framework
Developing a Media Relations Strategy
Analysing Your Strenghts and Weaknesses
Consultations with Media and Relevant Stakeholders
Charting the Electoral Cycle/Phases
Pre-Election Period
Pre-Campaign Period
Campaign Period
Voting Day
The Count and Results
Post-Election Period
Audience Analysis
Mapping the Media
Tools and Techniques of Media Relations
Briefing Packs
Prepared Audio, Video, and Print Material
Press Releases and Press Statements
Websites and New Media
Press Conferences
Media Briefings
Media Tours
Media Centre
Interviews
Message Development
Media Monitoring
Media Monitoring by Electoral Management Bodies
Media Monitoring by International Election Observation Missions
Media Monitoring by Domestic Observer Groups and Civil Society Organisations
Media Monitoring by Media Peak Bodies or Individual Media Outlets
Media Monitoring Methodology
Media Monitoring and Media Analysis
Quantitative Media Monitoring Methods
Qualitative Media Monitoring Methods
Monitoring New Media
Reporting Media Monitoring Findings
Examples of Elections Media Monitoring Reports and Media Monitoring Guidelines
Media Development
Media Professionalism
Codes of Conduct for Media in Elections
Legal Issues in Election Reporting
Accuracy in Election Reporting
Impartiality in Election Reporting
Responsibility in Election Reporting
Elections Reporting Training
Rights, Advocacy and Legal Support
Business Development
Media Infrastructure
Covering an Election
Voter Registration Period
Candidate Nomination and Pre-campaign Period
Campaign Period
Party and Candidate Campaign Media Strategies
Reporting on Political Events
Reporting on Campaign Financing and Spending
Bottom-up Reporting
Reporting Opinion Polls
Reporting Hate Speech
Voting Day(s)
Counting and Results Period
Reporting on Exit Polls
Reporting on Quick Counts
Post-Election Period
Annexes
Contributors
Case Studies
Afghanistan: Media and Electoral Processes
Bosnia: The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech
Canada: Paid Political Advertising
Canada: Canada prohibits bloggers from reporting results
Egypt: New Media and Election Transparency
Gambia: The Independent Electoral Commission of The Gambia develops a communications plan
Georgia: Media Monitoring Recommendations During Elections
Italy: An Existing Regulatory Body
Malawi 2014 Tripartite Elections: Should media outlets announce unofficial results?
Nigeria: Media Ownership and its Impact on Elections
South Africa: Gender and Elections
Russia: Complaints Procedure (1993)
United Kingdom: The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech
Zimbabwe: An Example Of Unbalanced Coverage
United States: bringing the bloggers to heel?
US Presidential Election 2016:‘Fake News’, Foreign Influence and Social Media
Internet restriction during elections
Practitioner's Network discussing Media and Elections
EMB media strategies (28 Jun 2018)
EMBs maintaining level electoral playing field (13 Dec 2017)
Time Sensitive: Prohibiting government from making statements before election (23 Nov 2015)
Best Practices for Election Coverage Online (28 Jul 2015)
Responsabilidad del contenido en el sitio web del organismo electoral/Responsability for Content on EMB Website (17 Jun 2014)
Affichage Électoral/Election Posters (14 Jun 2014)
Manuals for Election Commission Spokespersons (12 Jun 2014)
Regulations restricting photography and filming inside polling stations (19 Nov 2012)
Online publication of unofficial results on election day (30 Mar 2012)
Selection criteria for candidates' debates (09 Jan 2012)
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