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KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ON GENDER AND ELECTIONS
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Gender and Elections
full text on one page
Topic Index
KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ON GENDER AND ELECTIONS
Gender and Elections
OVERVIEW
CONTEXT
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ON GENDER AND ELECTIONS
Key concepts about gender and gender equality
Women’s roles in the electoral process
Barriers to women’s effective participation in the electoral process
Statistics and data on women’s participation in the electoral process
Women’s representation in parliaments
Women’s representation in national government
Women’s participation in local government
Women’s participation as voters and electors
Women’s participation in electoral administration
Discrimination in the electoral process on grounds of gender identity and sexual orientation and barriers to the effective participation of LGBTI persons
Intersectionality, crosscutting identities and multiple discrimination
SUPPORTING LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS FOR MEANINGFUL GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS
The impact of legal frameworks on gender equality and women’s participation in the electoral process
International human rights instruments on women’s participation and gender equality in the electoral process
Domestic legal frameworks and provisions on gender equality and women’s participation in the electoral process
Peace agreements
Constitutions
Electoral laws
Political party laws
Political and campaign finance legislation
EMB’s regulations and procedures
Political party internal rules and regulations
Codes of conduct
Gender equality laws and legislation addressing violence against women in politics and elections
The impact of electoral systems on women’s representation
Key concepts about electoral systems and types
Electoral formula
District size
Ballot structure
Temporary Special Measures to promote gender equality and women’s participation in the electoral process
Key concepts about Temporary Special Measures
Gender quotas in elections
Legislated candidate quotas
Legislated reserved seats
Voluntary political party quotas
Quota provisions to fit the electoral system
Ranking order rules and placement mandates in quota rules
Gender-targeted public funding for political parties
The shift from quotas to parity democracy
PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL PARTIES
Gender-mainstreaming within the internal organization of political parties
Gender-sensitive legal frameworks and policies in political parties
Gender audits and gender action plans in political parties
Measures to promote women’s participation in decision-making
Women’s wings in political parties
Gender mainstreaming in policy development
Candidate recruitment and women’s participation
Funding and campaign support for women candidates
Strengthening capacities of women candidates
Political parties’ electoral monitoring from a gender perspective
Political parties promoting LGBTI participation
GENDER MAINSTREAMING WITHIN ELECTORAL MANAGEMENT BODIES
Sex-disaggregated data and statistics
Gender assessments of the electoral process
Gender internal policies and strategic planning in EMBs
Integrating the gender approach into the institutional structure of EMBs: gender units and focal points
Gender balance in EMBs: board and staff
Gender-sensitive culture in the workplace
Gender training for electoral staff
PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION THROUGHOUT THE ELECTORAL CYCLE
Gender equality in voter registration
Gender equality in candidate nomination and registration
Gender equality in civic and voter education
Supporting leaders and candidates during the electoral campaign
Gender equality in the voting process
Polling stations location
Family and proxy voting
Gender segregated voting
Regulations on the vote of displaced people
Special identification procedures
Gender equality in dispute resolution mechanisms and judicial review of elections
ENHANCING A GENDER APPROACH IN ELECTION OBSERVATION AND MONITORING
Developing a gender approach in international and domestic election observation
Promoting LGBTI participation through election observation
PROMOTING GENDER-SENSITIVE MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS
Gender, media and elections: gender censorship and gender-based stereotypes
Gender-sensitive monitoring of media covering the electoral process
Gender trainings for journalists
Gender-related provisions in codes of conduct for media in elections
Social media and women’s political participation
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN ELECTIONS AND OTHER FORMS OF GENDER-BASED ELECTORAL VIOLENCE
Key concepts about violence against women in elections
Action points to fight VAWE
Mapping and measuring VAWE
Integrating VAWE into election observation and violence monitoring
Legal and policy reform to prevent and respond to VAWE
Preventing and mitigating VAWE through electoral arrangements
Working with political parties to prevent and reduce VAWE
Raising awareness on VAWE and changing norms
Other forms of electoral gender-based violence: Homophobic and transphobic violence in elections
CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN POLITICS AND INCLUSIVE PARTICIPATION IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS
Freedoms of peaceful assembly and association and gender equality
Women’s associations advocating for gender equality in politics and elections
Male allies and social norm change in politics and elections: building transformative masculinities
LGBTI groups advocating for political inclusion
PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN PARLIAMENTS DURING THE POST-ELECTORAL PERIOD
Building gender-sensitive parliaments
Women’s parliamentary caucuses
Capacity development and training on gender equality for parliamentarians
Engaging in legal and policy reform to promote gender equality
Parliaments and LGBTI political inclusion and participation
ANNEX I. ADDITIONAL COUNTRY-BASED CASE STUDIES ON GENDER AND ELECTIONS
CONTRIBUTORS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY: GENDER AND ELECTIONS
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