Policy and Practice Brief: Strategies to Prevent and Manage Electoral Violence, ACCORD (2010)

 Canada: Why do municipal electors not vote?, Canadian Journal of Urban Research (2006)

 Jordan: Attitudes among Jordanians toward participation in the upcoming parliamentary elections 2010 - executive summary, Identity Centre (2010)

 Election-Related Disputes and Political Violence: Strengthening the Role of the African Union in Preventing, Managing, and Resolving Conflict, International Peace Institute (2010)

 Parliamentary Elections in Georgia: ODIHR observation, CRRC (2008)

 Lebanon: Assessment of the Electoral Framework, Democracy Reporting International (2008)

 POMED country page on elections in Lebanon

 Circulation and Politicization of the Print Media in Kosovo (OSCE, 2010)

 Insights 74: Elections and the democracy challenge, Institute of Development Studies (2008)

 Election Campaigns, Balance, and the Mass Media (2008)

 Plain Language Makes a Difference When People Vote, Journal of Usability Studies (2010)

 Improving the electoral roll and voter identification in Papua New Guinea, The National Research Institute of Papua New Guinea (2010)

 Papua New Guinea: Realigning Electoral Incentives: Lessons for the 2012 National General Election from conflict theory and public policy, The National Research Institute (2010)

 Papua New Guinea: Priorities for a free and fair election, The National Research Institute (2009)

 Towards a Global Framework for Managing and Mitigating Election-related Conflict and Violence, International IDEA (2010)

 Burma (Myanmar): Preliminary Analysis of Myanmar's 2010 Electoral Laws, Conflict Prevention and Peace Forum (2010)

 Shadowy campaign financing will mire Iraq's democratic elections, Open Democracy (2010)

 How to improve the state of Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa

 Women in Parliament and Politics in the UAE: A Study of the First Federal National Council Elections, Dubai School of Government (2009)

 Women in Politics: Quotas, Voter Attitudes and Female Leadership, Dubai School of Government (2009)

 Afghanistan: Consensus Recommendations for Electoral Reform in Afghanistan, Democracy International (2010)

 ُEgypt: The road to Parliament, Al-Ahram Weekly (2010)

 Do Arab women need electoral quotas? , Foreign Policy (2012)

 Solomon Islands: Improving the Quality of Election Management (2006)

 Lebanese electoral system - Briefing Paper #1, IFES (2009)

 Kenya: Women Candidates in the 2007 General Elections, Africa Files (2016)

 Blueprint for ASEAN Democracy, ANFREL (2009)

 Bolivia: La representación en la Asamblea Constituyente. Estudio del sistema electoral (2005)

 Canada: Estimation of Voter Turnout by Age Group and Gender at the 2011 Federal General Election, Elections Canada (2012)

 Voter Education Synergy – IFES Moldova, By Steven Gray

 The Electoral System for South Sudan: Apportioning Immediate to Long-term Needs

 Tunisia: Lessons Learned from the 2011 Elections: The relation between civil society and the ISIE, The Carter Center (2014)

 IFES: "Election Rules and Identity Politics: Understanding the Success of Multiethnic Parties in Indonesia" (2013)

 Niger: La couverture médiatique des élections au Niger (2011)

 Electoral Commissions in West Africa: a comparative study (2010)

 Elections in Latin America 2009-2011: a comparative analysis (Kellogg Institute)

 Argentina: A different view on the Argentine electoral reform (2010)

 Ecuador: Referéndum y Consulta Popular 2018 (Carpeta Informativa)

 Elections in Egypt: The Electoral Framework in Egypt’s Continuing Transition: February 2011 – September 2013, IFES (2013)

 Perú: Cuadernos para el diálogo N°16- "Cultura política democrática en el Perú" (2007)

 Lost Voters: Participation in EU elections and the case for compulsory voting, CEPS (Centre for European Policy Studies)

 South Africa: Floor Crossing is Bad News for Democracy (2005)

 Drafting Egypt’s New Constitution, Brookings Doha Center & Stanford University Project on Arab Transitions (2012)

 Afghanistan: Working with Counterparts 2005 ENG

 Bangladesh: ‘Voting No Vote! Think again’ (2007)

 Indonesia: A Guide to the 2004 Elections (2003)

 Indonesia: Questions about the Electoral System (2003)

 Indonesia: The 2004 Elections have it all: Size and Complexity

 Indonesia: Voter registration Case Study (2006)

 Indonesia: Failure of Political Parties Emits Troubled Legislative Candidates (2008)

 India:Electoral Politics in Post-Conflict States: The Case of Punjab

 Japan: Japanese Political Parties: Ideals and Reality

 Japan: Examining the Process of the 1994 Japanese Electoral Reform

 Japan: The Electoral Foundations of Japan’s Financial Politics

 Japan: Japan Votes: Rational Choices and Social Obligations

 Japan: Japanese Electoral Politics: Reform, Results, and Prospects for the Future

 Electoral Ordinance and Party Systems from an Institutionalist Perspective: Japan and Poland

 Cambodia’s Electoral System: A Window of Opportunity for Reform, by Jeffrey Gallup

 Cambodia: Participation of Youth in Elections, COMFREL (2007)

 Nepal: Electoral System and Election Management in Nepal, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (2001)

 Philippines: Voter registration Case Study (2006)

 Thailand: Citizen Mobilization in the Fight Against Corruption: the Case of Health Care Funding in Thailand [2003]

 Albania: Enabling the Blind to Vote (OSCE)

 Czech Republic: Voter registration Case Study (2006)

 Spain: Cost of Registration and Elections

 Hungary: Voter registration Case Study

 Italy: Voter registration Case Study (2006)

 Romania: The Political Background (1997)

 The effect of Electoral Rules on Distributive Voting: some evidence from the Russian State Duma (1994-2003)

 Sweden: Cost of Registration and Elections

 Sweden: Voter registration Case Study (2006)

 Georgia: Voter registration Case Study (2006)

 Egypt: Parliamentary Elections in the Shadow of 2000, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

 Iraq: Postpone Iraq’s Elections (2005)

 Iraq: Increasing Women’s Representation in Iraq - What strategies would work best?

 Iraq: Setbacks, Advances, Prospects

 Iraq: The Imperatives of Elections on Schedule

 Iraq: Country Report

 Iraq: Electoral Fact Sheet

 Iraq: Factsheet on 2005 Elections

 Iraq: Considerations for Electoral System for Iraq's Transitional Period

 Iraq: Establishing a Stable Democratic Constitutional Structure in Iraq

 Iraq: IDEA - Key Options in Iraq's Democratisation Process

 Iraq: IDEA - Key Options in Iraq's Democratisation Process (Arabic)

 Iraq: Political Dynamics in Advance of Parliamentary Elections (2005)

 Iraq: Can Iraq Be Democratic?

 Iraq: The Right Road to Sovereignty in Iraq

 Iraq: The Mother of all Elections

 Iraq: Democracy and Ethno-Religious Conflict in Iraq

 Iraq: Women Quotas in Iraq

 Mauritania, Election Watch Teim - Electoral Profile, 2007

 Yemen: Overview of the Voter Registration System (2003)

 Australia: Voter registration Case Study (2006)

 Marshall Islands: Trends and Implications in the National Election (2003)

 Canada: Readjustment of Federal Electoral Boundaries

 United States: A Security Analysis of the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE)

 Harry Neufeld: Computerizing Election Adminstration (1994)

 United States: Analysis of an Electronic Voting System (2004)

 A Proposed Framework for Technology Selection in order for developing countries to execute election operations efficiently

 Disentangling Democracy and Development as Determinants of Armed Conflict

 Electoral Choices for Divided Societies: Moderation through constituency pooling and vote pooling

 Governance in Post-Conflict Situations: Electoral Systems and Processes (UNDP)

 Manipulating Electoral Rules: Intra-Party Conflict, Partisan Interests, and Constitutional Thickness

 Electoral Assistance and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding - What Lessons Have Been Learned?

 Electoral Systems and Conflict Management: Comparing STV and AV Systems

 Electoral Conflict and Violence: A Strategy for Study and Prevention (IFES)

 Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in Africa

 Postconflict Elections: War Termination, Democratization, and Demilitarizing Politics

 Elections and Security (2006)

 Indonesia: Resolution of Disputes related to Electoral Results (IFES)

 Indonesia: Oath for KPU Election Officials

 Joe C. Baxter: Techniques to Effective Election Management (1994)

 Women and Elections: Guide to Promoting the Participation of Women in Elections (2005)

 United States: Election 2004, the Latino and Asian Vote

 United Kingdom: Understanding the 1997 British Election: A Gender-Generation Gap?

 United States: Voter Turnout Among Young Women and Men CIRCLE (2005)

 United Kingdom: Gender and political participation (2004)

 Tuning In To Democracy:Challenges of Young People’s Participation and Civic Education

 Engaging the Electorate: Initiatives to Promote Voter Turnout from Around the World (IDEA 2007)

 Why the Military and the Police should register and vote (2004)

 IFES: Challenging the Norms and Standards of Election Administration (2007)

 Canada: British Columbia - Empowered Citizen Participation

 The Role of Electoral Systems in the Resolution of Ethnic Conflict

 China: Village Committee Elections: First Steps on a Long March?

 Government Structure and Electoral Systems (2003)

 Electoral Systems and their Goals:a Primer for Decision-Makers

 Palestinian Territory: Political Realities Shape the System

 Electoral Systems Briefing Paper

 South Africa: Promoting Gender Equality in and through Media (2002)

 Media Preconditions for Free and Fair Elections (2002)

 Effective Media Communications Skills (IMPACS)

 Media and Elections Case Studies

 Media and Elections Project - Central and Eastern European Countries

 United States: Ballot Access Restrictions and Candidate Entry into Elections (2004)

 Brazil: Quotas for Women in the Brazilian Legislative System (2003)

 Poland: Gender Party Quotas

 Serbia and Montenegro: Implementing Quotas - Legal Reform and Enforcement

 South Africa: Political Party Quotas

 Comparative Studies of Electoral Gender Quotas (2003)

 Mauritius: Coalition Politics under the Tropics: office seekers, power makers, nation building (2003)

 Money in Politics: A Study of Party Financing Practices in 22 Countries (2005)

 United Kingdom: Party Election Campaigning in Britain: The Labour Party (2002)

 Common Arguments For and Against Quotas

 Floor-crossing in South Africa and its Effect on Democracy (2002)

 Canada: Introduction to Handwritten Signature Verification

 Trinidad and Tobagao: Getting the Register Right (1998)

 Mexico: The Electoral Register

 United Kingdom: Voting Access for the Disabled (1992)

 Somalia: Somaliland Election Results

 Albania: Enabling the blind to Vote OSCE (2005)

 Australia: Law reform and political party registration: Case study - Democratic Labour Party (LDP)

 United Kingdom: Response to the "Review of Ballot Paper Design" (2003)

 United Kingdom: Don't waste your best asset

 Idealism Without Illusions: Lessons from Post-Conflict Electionsin Cambodia, Rwanda and Sudan

 Engaging the new Pan-Africanism: Strategies for Civil Society

 SADC Region: Survey of Electoral Systems and Reform Imperatives

 Cameroon: Case Study on electoral management body, Dieudonné N. Tshiyoyo

  Gambia: Gambians vote in presidential election (2006)

 Malawi: Maybe free but not fair (2004)

 Malawi: A critical appraisal of voter apathy (2006)

 Botswana Electoral System, South African Department of Justice and Constitutional Development

 Voter education and some electoral issues in Botswana: 2004 and 2014 compared, by Zibani Maundeni, Professor of Political Science, University of Botswana (2014)

 Cote d'Ivoire: UN Integrated Electoral Assistance Case Study (2010)

 Lessons Learned: Integrated Electoral Assistance in UN Mission Settings (2013)

 India: The Impact of Electronic Voting Machines on Electoral Frauds, Democracy, and Development, Brookings (2017)

 Procurement Aspects of Introducing ICTs solutions in Electoral Processes, The European Union, United Nations Development Programme and International IDEA (2010)

 Political Participation of Immigrants in Korea, National Election Commission (2011)

 National Association of Political Scientists of Tajikistan: "Political Party Regulations and Women’s Participation in Political Life in Tajikistan"

 UNDP: Gender and Elections in Georgia (2013)

 Burundi: UN Integrated Electoral Assistance Case Study, 2010 General Elections

 Canada: Potential Impacts of Extended Advance Voting on Voter Turnout, Elections Canada (2007)

 Canada: The Electoral Participation of Persons with Special Needs, Elections Canada (2007)

 Election System in Japan, Free Choice Foundation (2007)

 Party Systems and the Choice Sets Voters Confront in Transitions to Democracy, by John M. Carey (2014)

 Fiji: A New System Under Pressure, International IDEA, Bill Gray (2001)

 How a Frog could end the Security Wars and revive the eVote Industry

 “Deadwood” or “Driftwood”? Voter Turnout in Romania: the Myth of the Vanishing Voter and the Reality of a Disenfranchised Electorate (2010)

 Caribbean: From Grassroots to the Airwaves Paying for Political Parties and Campaigns in the Caribbean, International IDEA, OAS (2005)

 Egypt: Assessment of the legal framework for the Presidential Elections, Democracy Reporting International (2012)

 Austria: Electoral consequences of declining participation: A natural experiment in Austria, Electoral Studies (2014)

 Austria: Active Civic Participation of Immigrants in Austria, European Commission (2005)

 Kenya: Post Election Analysis, iposos (2013)

 Egypt: Implications of Recent Court Decisions on the Electoral Framework, IFES (2012)

 Egypt: Analysis of the 2011 Parliamentary Electoral System, IFES (2011)

 Tunisia’s Legal Framework: Strengths, Weaknesses and Recommendations, IFES (2012)

 IFES: "Out-of-Country Voting: A Brief Overview" (2012)

 IFES: The Strategic use of Gender Quotas in the Arab World, William and Kathy Hybl Democracy Studies Fellowship Paper (2010)

 IFES: An Integrated Approach to Elections and Conflict (2012)

 IFES: "Breaking the Mold: Understanding Gender and Electoral Violence" (2011)

 Mexico: Cost of Registration and Elections.

 The role of electoral stakeholders in Eastern African communities: a comparative analysis of selected states, by Rev John Maphephe (2012)

 Senegal: Constitutional referendum in Senegal, European Parliament (2016)

 Romania: Case Study on Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment in Public Administration, UNDP (2014)

 UNDP: Electoral Systems and Processes Practice Note (2004)

 UNDP: Electoral Management Bodies as Institutions of Governance (2000)

 UNDP: Gender and Elections in Romania (2013)

 Bangladesh: Women’s Reserved Seats in Bangladesh: A Systemic Analysis of Meaningful Representation, USAID and UKAID (2016)

 A New Electoral System: Majoritarian Election of Candidates with Proportional Allocation of Seats

 Electoral Dispute Resolution in Ukraine 2004, 2006 and 2007

 Ascertaining the value of election management bodies in African developing democracies outsourcing their information & communication technology services (2012)

 South Africa: Electoral System Design and Conflict Management in Africa

 South Africa: Floor-crossing at a glance

 Canada: Election Campaign and Party Financing, Anthony M. Sayers / Lisa Young, University of Calgary (2004)

 Canada: Stability, Independence and Public Trust

 Haiti: An election without voters (2005)

 United States: The Electoral College

 Uruguay: The Electoral Court - A Fourth Branch of Government

 Observing Delimitation (2011)

 System Simulation: Botswana elections results

 Transitional Electoral Framework for Syria : International Electoral Policy and Practice (Georgetown University)

 Democratic Republic of the Congo: DRC Elections 2006 - Women in Politics, International IDEA (2006)

 Democratic Republic of the Congo: What Elections Mean: Identities, Return and Reintegration in the DRC, International IDEA (2006)

 Brazil's presidential runoff: What does Dilma Rousseff’s Victory Mean for Brazil’s Future?, By Ricardo Sennes, Atlantic Council (2014)

 Democratic Republic of the Congo: Elections in sight: “Don’t Rock the Boat”?, Human Rights Watch (2005)

 Creative - Electoral Integrity Framework Project. Electoral Malpractice

 We changed the Laws - Electoral practice and malpractice in Sudan since 1953, African Affairs (2010)

 The Observers Observed, The Polish Forum of Young Diplomats Commentary (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan, Parliamentary Elections, 10 October 2010: Interim Report No. 2, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Parliamentary Elections, 10 October 2010: Preliminary Statement, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final Report on Constitutional Referendum, 27 June 2010, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final Report on Parliamentary Elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Needs Assessment Mission Report Ahead of Constitutional Referendum, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions on the 27 June 2010 Constitutional Referendum, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Report of the observation delegation, presidential elections, European Parliament (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final report, parliamentary elections of February 20 and March 12, OSCE/ODIHR (2000)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final report, parliamentary elections of February 27 and March 13, OSCE/ODIHR (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final report, presidential election of July 23, OSCE/ODIHR (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final report, presidential elections of July 10, OSCE/ODIHR (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final report, presidential election of July 23, OSCE/ODIHR (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final report, pre-term parliamentary elections of December 16, OSCE/ODIHR (2007)

 Kyrgyzstan: Interim recommendations, early presidential elections of April 12, OSCE/ODIHR (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final report, presidential elections of October 29, OSCE/ODIHR (2000)

 Kyrgyzstan: Limited referendum observation mission report, constitutional referendum of June 27, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Needs assessment mission report, constitutional referendum of June 27, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Needs assessment mission report, parliamentary elections of February 27, OSCE/ODIHR (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Needs assessment mission report, presidential election of October 30, OSCE/ODIHR (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Needs assessment mission report, pre-term parliamentary elections of December 16, OSCE/ODIHR (2007)

 Kyrgyzstan: Second statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, parliamentary elections on March 12, OSCE/ODIHR (2000)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, constitutional referendum of June 27, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, parliamentary elections of February 27, OSCE/ODIHR (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, parliamentary elections of October 10, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, parliamentary elections on February 20, OSCE/ODIHR (2000)

 Kyrgyzstan: Constitution (27 June 2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Parliamentary Elections Final Report (2020)

 Kyrgyzstan: Code of Ethical Conduct of Political Parties in Elections in the Kyrgyz Republic (2010)

 American University of Central Asia - Social Research Center, Final Report, "Civic Education in the Kyrgyz Republic: Achievements, Problems and Prospects for Development"

 Kyrgyzstan: Constitutional Law On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections in the Kyrgyz Republic (2011)

 Kyrgyz Republic: Final Report, Parliamentary Election, OSCE/ODIHR (2015)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, Presidential Election, OSCE/ODIHR

 Kyrgyzstan: Interim Report, Parliamentary Elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2015)

 Kyrgyz Republic: Needs Assessment Mission Report, Parliamentary Elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2015)

 Kyrgyzstan: Interim Report No.1, Presidential Elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions, Parliamentary Elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2015)

 Kyrgyzstan: Constitution (1993/2007)

 Kyrgyzstan: Election Code (1999/2007)

 Kyrgyzstan: Electoral Manipulation in Central Asia

 Kyrgyzstan: Final Report, Presidential Election of 30 October 2011, OSCE/ODIHR (2012)

 Kyrgyzstan: Needs Assessment Mission Report, Presidential Election, OSCE/ODIHR (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, presidential election of July 10, OSCE/ODIHR (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Election report, Parliamentary Elections, ENEMO (2005)

 Kyrgzstan: Preliminary statement, Parliamentary Elections, ENEMO (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Interim Report No.2, Presidential Elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Final Report, Presidential Elections, OSCE/ODIHR

 Kyrgyzstan: Election observation mission report, parliamentary elections of October 10, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, presidential elections of October 29, OSCE/ODIHR (2000)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, pre-term parliamentary elections of December 16, OSCE/ODIHR (2007)

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, presidential elections of July 23, OSCE/ODIHR (2009)

 IFES: "The Good, the Bad and the Uncertain: Commentary on Kyrgyzstan Election Laws of 2011"

 Kyrgyzstan: Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions, Presidential Election of 30 October, OSCE/ODIHR, OSCE/PA, Council of Europe, EU (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Interim Report no 2, Presidential Election of 30 October, OSCE/ODIHR (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Interim Report no 1, Presidential Election of 30 October, OSCE/ODIHR (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Preliminary statement, Parliamentary Elections, ENEMO (2007)

 Kyrgyzstan: Report of the observation delegation, first round of the parliamentary elections, European Parliament (2005)

 Kyrgyzstan: Report of the observation delegation, parliamentary elections, European Parliament (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Observation Report, Presidential Election of 30 October 2011, European Parliament (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Preliminary statement, Presidential Election, ENEMO (2009)

 Opinion on the Draft Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, Venice Commission (2010)

 Advantages and disadvantages of Parallel systems

 Parallel Systems

 Advantages and disadvantages of Two-Round System (TRS)

 The Two-Round system (TRS)

 Trends in Electoral System Reform

 Assessing the Impact of Change

 Advice on Implementation

 Advice on Debate and Dialogue

 What are the Mechanisms for Reform and Amendment?

 Who designs?

 The Process of Change

 Malawi: The Role of the EMB in Electoral Reform

 Iraq

 Haiti

 Afghanistan: An Electoral Management Body Struggles to Deal with Executive Interference

 Armenia: Electoral Administration in South Caucasus

 Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Challenges of an Independent EMB Model

 Cambodia: Lack of Confidence in the National Election Committee

 Canada: Stability, Independence and Public Trust

 Costa Rica: The Supreme Tribunal of Elections

 Haiti: a Crisis of Credibility

 Kenya: The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission

 Liberia: The National Elections Commission

 Mexico: A Sophisticated Scheme for Addressing a Serious Distrust Issue

 Nigeria: Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)

 Norway: Governmental, Decentralized and Trusted

 Senegal: Sub-Saharan Multiparty Elections

 Seychelles: A New Electoral Commission

 South Korea: An Independent and Neutral Electoral Management Body

 Sweden: Governmental in Form, Independent in Practice: A Decentralized Election Management System

 Timor-Leste: Election Administration

 Tonga: A New Commission in a Small Island State

 The United Kingdom: Electoral Governance in Transition?

 The United States Administration of Elections: Decentralized, Pre-modern and Contented

 Tunisia: The Independent High Authority for the Elections

 Yemen: An Emerging Independent EMB

 Vanuatu: Limitations to the Independence of the EMB

 Zimbabwe: A New Era in Election Management

 Republic of Georgia: A Commission in Tranistion

 Spain: Mixed Model Electoral Management Becomes Well Established

 Uruguay: The Electoral Court - A Fourth Branch of Government?

 Ukraine: The Long Road to Politically Independent Election Administration

 Argentina

 Australia: The Alternative Vote System

 Bolivia: Electoral Reform in Latin America

 Brazil: Candidate-Centred PR in a Presidential System

 Canada: The Canadian Electoral System

 British Columbia: Empowered Citizen Participation

 Switzerland

 Swiss Direct Democracy

 Chile: A System Frozen by Elite Interests

 China: Village Committee Elections: First Steps on a Long March?

 Germany: The Original Mixed Member Proportional System

 Ecuador: The Search for Democratic Governance

 European Parliament: Elections to a Supranational Body

 The Spanish Electoral System - Historical Accident

 Finland: Candidate Choice and Party Proportionality

 Indonesia: Continuity, Deals and Consensus

 Republic of Ireland: The Single Transferable Vote in Action

 Israel: Electoral Reform in Israel

 India - First Past the Post on a Grand Scale

 Jordan - Electoral System Design in the Arab World

 Mali: A Two-Round System in Africa

 Japan: Adapting to a New Electoral System

 Sri Lanka: Changes to Accommodate Diversity

 Lesotho: Africa’s First MMP Electoral System

 Malta: STV With Some Twists

 Mexico: Democratization Through Electoral Reform

 Namibia - National List PR in Southern Africa

 The Netherlands

 New Zealand: Learning to Live with Proportional Representation

 Papua New Guinea: Electoral Incentives for Inter-Ethnic Accomodation

 Poland: Between Fragmentation and Polarisation

 Ukraine - The Perils of Majoritarianism in a New Democracy

 United States: Ethnic Minorities and Single-Member Districts

 Electoral Reform: The Impact of a Shared Advocacy Voice among Zimbabwean Civil Society

 Japan: Mixed Model Electoral Management for a Mixed Parallel Electoral System

 Lesotho: Building a Reputation

 India: The Embodiment of EMB Independence

 Fiji: A New System Under Pressure

 Mozambique: A Need for Depoliticization

 Iraq: International Institution Design

 2014 Indonesian Elections Case Study: Uploading millions of C1 result forms and achieving a crowdsourced outcome

 Afghanistan: Media and Electoral Processes

 Bosnia: The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech

 Canada: Paid Political Advertising

 Canada: Canada prohibits bloggers from reporting results

 Gambia: The Independent Electoral Commission of The Gambia develops a communications plan

 Italy: An Existing Regulatory Body

 Russia: Complaints Procedure (1993)

 United Kingdom: The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech

 Zimbabwe: An Example Of Unbalanced Coverage

 United States: bringing the bloggers to heel?

 Elections in Ethiopia

 Elections in Palestine

 Iraq: Increasing Engagement of the Election Commission with Persons with Disabilities

 An Electoral Register from Scratch: The Palestinian Elections of 20 January 1996

 Russia - The State Automated Elections System

 Saint Lucia

 United States

 India: Reservation of Number of Seats for Minorities

 Cambodia: Code of Conduct

 Russia: Electoral Campaign of Variable Duration

 United States: Study on Primary Elections

 South Africa: Case Study on Floor-Crossing

 Egypt’s Local Elections Farce: Causes and Consequences, Carnegie Endowment (2008)

 Tunisia Moves to the Next Stage, MERIP (2011)

 The report of Power: an independent Inquiry into Britain's democracy

 Egypt state of emergency lifted after 31 years. BBC News (2012)

 South Sudan After The Referendum, Eurasia Review (2011)

 Hungary's Viktor Orban: No Wiggle Room (Business Week, 2010)

 Jordan’s Parliamentary Elections and the Islamist Boycott, Carnegie Endowment (2010)

 Kenya: IEC Chairman in India for talks on electoral technology, iiecnews (2011)

 Morocco's new constitution and upcoming general Elections, Morocco Board (2011)

 Compulsory Voting in Greece: A History of Concepts in Motion

 Analysis of Serbia General Elections by the Robert Schuman Foundation (2008)

 India: Decentralization and accountability - are voters more vigilant in local than in national elections?

 Egypt: Women's Political Participation, Political Party Life and Democratic Elections

 The Dilemmas of Domestic Election Observation: The Experience of Democracia Representativa during the 2007 Santa Fe Provincial Elections in Argentina

 Jordan: Women's Political Participation, Political Party Life and Democratic Elections

 Jordan, Jordanian Civil Society and Local Observation, 2007

 Philippines: Understanding the Election-related Violent Incidence of 2007 (2008)

 Sri Lanka: Presidential Elections (Special Provisions) Act No. 2 of 1981

 Sri Lanka: Presidential Elections Act, No. 15 of 1981

 Sri Lanka: Referendum Act, No. 7 of 1981

 Sri Lanka: Registration of Electors Act, No.44 of 1980

 Sri Lanka: Reprint of the Ceylon (Parliamentary Elections) Order in Council, 1946 (CHAPTER 381)

 United Kingdom: Electoral System Experimentation in Cradle of FPTP (1997)

 United Kingdom: Redistribution Process

 Papua New Guinea: Electoral Incentives for Inter-Ethnic Accommodation (1997)

 Ireland: The Archetypal Single Transferable Vote System (1997)

 Israel: Electoral Reform

 Japan: Electoral Reform (1997)

 Malta: Single-Transferable Vote with Some Twists (1997)

 The Netherlands: Historical Overview of the Electoral System (1997)

 Sweden: Vote Counting (1997)

 United States: Total Recall - the election of Schwarzenegger in California

 United States: Ethnic Minorities and Single-Member Districts (1997)

 Azerbaijan: Inadequate Control of the Personal Vote

 Australia: Federal Redistribution

 Australia: The Alternative Vote (1997)

 New Zealand: Electoral Redistribution

 Latvia: Minorities Deprived of the Right to Vote (1997)

 Mexico: Electoral Reform (1998)

 Argentina: Political overview (1997)

 Bolivia: Electoral Reform in Latin America (1997)

 Ecuador: The Search for Democratic Governance (1997)

 Chile: Constitutional and Electoral Reform (1998)

 Chile: Proportionality or Majoritarianism? (1997)

 Canada: Communities of Interest (1998)

 Canada: Representation in the Canadian Parliament (1998)

 Canada: A Case Study on the Electoral System (1997)

 Switzerland: Overview of the Electoral System (1997)

 Germany: Redistricting

 Germany: The Original Mixed Member Proportional System

 Spain: the Spanish Electoral System, an Historical Accident (1998)

 Finland: Candidate Choice and Party Proportionality (1997)

 Russian federation: An Evolving Parallel System (1997)

 Ukraine: The Perils of Majoritarianism in a New Democracy (1997)

 Democratic Republic of the Congo: Determining How Districts Might be Delimited in a Post-Conflict Society

 Equatoria Guinea: The Failure of a high technological method (1998)

 India: First Past the Post on a Grand Scale (1997)

 Sri Lanka: Changes to Accommodate Diversity (1997)

 Namibia: National List PR in Southern Africa (1998)

 South Africa: Election Systems and Conflict Management (1997)

 Challenges for Political Party Poll Watching in Southern Africa(2008)

 Burkina Faso: Vote Counting (1998)

 Ghana: Vote Counting (1998)

 The 2007 Parliamentary Election in Togo

 Kenya: A task to restore confidence

 Kyrgyzstan

 Bakiev Insists He's Still Kyrgyzstan's President, RFE/RL (2010)

 Son Of Jailed Kyrgyz Politician Vows To Challenge Government, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: omurkulov elected mayor of Bishkek in the next four years, Kloop (2011)

 Is Kyrgyzstan's Revolution Ready For Export?, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan’s Uzbeks Sitting Out Parliamentary Campaign, EurasiaNet (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Do Central Asia's Gender Quotas Help Or Hurt Women?, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan president announces election date, The Telegraph (2010)

 Kyrgyz Establish Movement In U.S., RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyz Constitutional Referendum Still Planned, Despite Unrest, RFE/RL (2010)

 Elections in Kyrgyzstan: 93% of ballots are processed. 5 parties gain seats in the parliament. The leader is Ata-Jurt party, Ferghana.ru (2010)

 After Season Of Unrest, Kyrgyzstan Votes In Key Parliamentary Elections, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Voting Passes Calmly - But Uncertainty Persists as Count Begins, EurasiaNet (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan's vibrant and pluralistic parliamentary elections constitute further consolidation of democracy, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyz President Won't Back Down, As Opposition Claims Power, RFE/RL (2010)

 Opposition Forces In Kyrgyzstan Claim Power, Form Interim Government, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: experts voice concern about possibility of prolonged strife, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Not the Tulip Revolution All Over Again, TOL (2010)

 Kyrgyz opposition claims power: analysts' view, Reuters (2010)

 Modern election campaigning and propaganda in Kyrgyzstan, Ferghana.ru (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: President Bakiev to spend more money on election campaign than other candidates, Ferghana.ru (2009)

 More at Stake in Kyrgyz presidential vote, RFERL (2009)

 Kyrgyz Presidential Challenger's Supporters Detained, RadioFreeEurope (2009)

 Lone Woman Approved For Kyrgyz Presidential Bid, RadioFreeEurope (2009)

 Kyrgyzstani presidential elections, Wikipedia (2009)

 Preliminary findings on Kyrgyzstan elections, OSCE (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: the winner is known, but the opponents still struggle, Ferghana.ru (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: By the decision of Constitutional court the President must cancel his membership in the party, Ferghana.ru (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: The administration of Nookat local police precinct is fired due to the death of the journalist, Ferghana.ru (2009)

 Kyrgyz presidential election failed to meet key OSCE commitments, despite some positive elements, OSCE/ODIHR (2009)

 Withdrawals, Protests Mar Kyrgyz Election, RadioFreeEurope (2009)

 Kyrgyz Opposition Vows Protests Over Disputed Vote, RadioFreeEurope (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: Opposition, Western Observers Blast Kyrgyz Vote, RadioFreeEurope (2009)

 OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission in Kyrgyzstan (2009)

 Kyrgyzstan: OSCE/ODIHR Final Report on the 16 December 2007 Pre-term Parliamentary Elections

 2009 presidential election in the Kyrgyz Republic: interim report 2, OSCE/ODIHR

 2009 presidential election in the Kyrgyz Republic: interim report 1, OSCE/ODIHR

 Needs assessment report ahead of the 23 July 2009 presidential election in the Kyrgyz Republic, OSCE/ODIHR

 Kyrgyzstan presidential elections: Statement of preliminary findings and conclusions, OSCE/ODIHR (2009)

 OSCE - ODIHR Documents about Kyrgyzstan

 Kyrgyz Republic: Final Report, Presidential Elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2009)

 Kyrgyz referendum 'backs constitutional change plan', BBC (2010)

 Kyrgyz Voting Calm After Violence, New York Times (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: 70 percent of electorate attended the referendum, 90 percent voted in support, Ferghana.ru (2010)

 OSCE Praises Kyrgyz Referendum, As Russia Warns Of Risks, RFERL (2010)

 Kyrgyz and Uzbeks Turn Out to Vote for Stability, EurasiaNet (2010)

 Otunbayeva officially becomes Kyrgyz President, Voice of Russia (2010)

 Over 50 parties to participate in parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan, RIA Novosti (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan Launches Second Attempt To Form Coalition, RFERL (2010)

 OSCE/ODIHR deploys mission to observe parliamentary elections in Kyrgyzstan, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 The shadow parliament and shadow government are established in Kyrgyzstan, Ferghana (2011)

 Kyrgyz President Says Won't Run For Second Term, RFE/RL (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: Parliament Convenes, but Governing Coalition Remains Elusive, EurasiaNet (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan Approves New Government, RFERL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Akhmatbek Keldibekov is elected the chairman of new parliament, Ferghana.ru (2010)

 Constitutional Crunch Time In Kyrgyzstan, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan set October 10 date for parliamentary vote, Reuters (2010)

 Tough coalition talks seen after Kyrgyz vote, Reuters (2010)

 Analysis - Kyrgyz political battle is only beginning, Reuters (2010)

 Kyrgyz losing party supporters block highway, demanding vote recount, Trend.az (2010)

 Sacked Kyrgyz Prosecutor-General To Run For President, RFE/RL (2011)

 Кыргызстан: Бишкек готовится к выборам и интифаде, НГ (2010)

 Kyrgyz Opposition Party Demands President And His Son Resign, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan's election: A vote into the unknown, The Economist (2010)

 Global Insights: Kyrgyzstan Election Benefits Regional Security, WPR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: Protests as Party Questions Election Result, EurasiaNet (2010)

 Opposition Activists Clash With Police In Kyrgyzstan, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrygzstan’s Constitutional Referendum Causing Civil Society-Provisional Government Rift, EurasiaNet (2010)

 Senior Kyrgyz Interim Government Official Quits Post, Creates Own Party, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyz Youth To Hold Forum On New Constitution, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: ousted president's comeback bid ends in retreat

 Respublika Party Announces Agreement On New Kyrgyz Coalition, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan: CEC announced final results of parliamentary elections, Ferghana.ru (2010)

 Five Kyrgyz parties pass election threshold, Reuters (2010)

 Kyrgyz president hails ‘first free election’, The Financial Times (2010)

 No clear winner in Kyrgyzstan poll, Aljazeera (2010)

 Top Kyrgyz officials resign to take part in parliamentary elections, Radio Free Europe (2010)

 Another Top Kyrgyz Official Resigns To Stand In Elections, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan Forms New Government, RFE/RL (2010)

 First Session Of New Kyrgyz Paliament Postponed Again, RFE/RL (2010)

 Kyrgyz Election Victors Travel To Moscow, RFE/RL (2010)

 OSCE experts, Kyrgyzstan's authorities discuss how to improve elections, OSCE/ODIHR (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan confirms Atambaev won presidential poll, RFE/RL (2011)

 Kyrgyzstan: President Roza Otunbaeva presented the program before the government, Ferghana.ru (2010)

 Constitutional Referendum Passes in Kyrgyzstan, The New York Times (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan Adopts New Constitution, VOA (2010)

 OSCE observers back Kyrgyzstan referendum, BBC (2010)

 Ousted Kyrgyzstan president calls Sunday referendum illegitimate, CNN (2010)

 Kyrgyzstan:Back on Track in Bishkek, The Wall Street Journal (2010)

 Yemen: Women's Political Participation, Political Party Life and Democratic Elections

 Mali: A Two-Round System in Africa

 Jordan: Electoral System Design in the Arab World

 Country specific information and regional news (backup)

 Donor Strategy for Electoral Assistance

 Presidential Elections in Iran 2009

 A Primer on Iran’s Presidential Election System

 Anatomy of a Civic Uprising

 Paper-Recent evolutions on Political Finance framework in Greece

 Consolidated Response on Gender Quotas in African Countries

 Elections and Illiteracy in Tunisia

 List Proportional Representation threshold based on registered voters, and referendum on electoral legislation in Kyrgyz Republic

 Kyrgyzstan: Referendum/elections with violence in parts of the country?

 Which are the most important electoral issues in the Russian-speaking world?