In some countries, EMB members take a formal oath or a pledge of allegiance, loyalty, and integrity before taking office. The oath or pledge may be administered by a senior official or judicial officer. The oath/pledge-taking binds the EMB members to uphold the Constitution and the electoral laws of the country. The text of the oath or pledge may be simple, or more detailed. It may also include or refer to the code of conduct or any law governing conflict of interest for EMB members.