| 3752 recommendations |
Recommendation Recommendations on Further Action on the General Elections, paragraph 2 (Measures to sustain Emerging Democracy/Human Rights) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
INEC together with the state authorities in charge must take necessary steps in order to create conditions for democratic elections observed by domestic observes in case election will be nullified in one or several states. This relates particularly to those states where serious patterns of irregularities and fraud have been observed and the trust and confidence of the electorate in the 2003 elections has yet to be re-established
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommendations on Further Action on the General Elections, paragraph 3 (Detection and Mitigation of Fraud) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The police, the judiciary and INEC should conduct investigations without further delay into the irregularities and malpractices observed and reported by the different domestic and international observer groups. Subsequently, INEC must take adequate measures, such as dismissing INEC officials involved in malpractice
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommendations on Further Action on the General Elections, paragraph 4 (Polling, Counting and Publication of Results) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The results of the General Elections should be made available and published assoon as possible, giving detailed breakdowns of results on all levels, down to the level of the polling stations, including the number of registered voters.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Legal Framework, paragraph 1 (Legal Framework) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The present laws, although providing for a workable framework for elections, contain a number of inconsistencies. In particular the laws contain some unrealistic deadlines and are – due to the court order anulling one particular section – no longer fully applicable and enforceable. Thus, it is advised to conduct a total review of the applicable laws and in particular of the Electoral Act 2002. This does not necessarily mean that the laws have to be rewritten entirely, but that a clear and consistent legal framework should be developed that gives sufficient guidance to those working with it.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Legal Framework, paragraph 2 (Legal Framework) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The laws contain the shortcomings as set forth in chapter 5.2. of this report and are silent on a number of issues. Furthermore, INEC has not issued subordinate legislation on certain matters as is envisaged by the law. It is advised that these shortcomings be addressed and that, instead of leaving certain matters up to INEC, detailed provisions are developed governing the following issues: - campaigning and the campaign period;- financial reporting and disclosure, as well as campaign funding and spending by political parties, including rules for enforcement of such provisions;- the conduct of by-elections; -special needs voting for those groups in society that cannot vote in the ordinary manner due to their roles on Election Day; - a complaints mechanism easily accessible for all interested parties, including voters; - voter education; - publication and display of complete results, including registered voters, down to polling station level to enhance the transparency of the process.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Legal Framework, paragraph 3 (Legal Framework) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
It is recommended that the laws explicitly provide for the necessary conditions to guarantee INEC independence. Other than is now the case, the independence of INEC should be reflected in the manner of appointment and removal of commissioners (on both Federal and State level), the composition of the commission and its funding.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Legal Framework, paragraph 4 (Legal Framework) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The applicable laws should be adhered to and should be consistently and properly applied by the relevant institutions, such as INEC and the National Broadcasting Commission. This pertains in particular to the enforcement of rules on political party’s finances and on media coverage of elections.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Legal Framework, paragraph 5 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The existence of a dual structure of election administration bodies is costly and unpractical. It creates a duplication of efforts and represents a waste of human and technical resources. Apart from the enormous financial burden to maintain the SIECs structure for elections that take place every four years, the SIECs also replicate (on a smaller scale) the appointment system of INEC. By merging the SIECs into the current INEC infrastructure large savings could be made and a widespread rationalisation of resources would be achievable. The other advantage is the reduction of possible undue influence from the States’ executive.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Legal Framework, paragrah 6 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
Four different electoral dates (incl. the LGA election) in such a short period represent a heavy financial and logistical burden, with a high risk of election fatigue among the electorate and little possibility for the electoral administration bodies to correct mistakes that emerged in the process. It should be considered to slate the various levels of elections in a different manner.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Legal Framework, paragraph 7 (Women) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
It is recommended that means be put in place to enhance female participation in politics and the legislature, on both Federal and State level.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 1 (Voter registration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
A permanent system of voter registration should be implemented without delay. The foundations are laid, but now the voter register must become a thorough, public and challengeable document. All eligible Nigerian citizens must be given the chance to register to vote. In particular, the 37 state-wide existing databases must be merged into one, so that all duplicates can be properly identified and eliminated. The overall responsibility for the maintenance of the central database of registered voters must fall on INEC headquarters. In addition, a proper system of identification of voters must be put in place, e.g. by linking and cross checking the Register of Voters with a future Civil Register. If properly implemented, this system could also lead to the elimination of the tendered ballot provisions.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 2 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
As of now, it is not possible to determine the number of registered voters per constituency. The revision of the boundaries of the federal, senatorial and State constituencies should be implemented through a constituency mapping exercise. In order to achieve this objective it will be necessary to undertake a process of localisation and delimitation of all polling stations. The creation of a geographical index of addresses allocated to each polling stations is also advisable.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 3 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The relationship between INEC and political parties, as well as between INEC and National Assembly should be strengthened and institutionalised. INEC’s modus operandi should become more transparent. Its meetings should be open to party representatives and domestic and international observers in order to improve transparency. Regular briefings with political parties must be held on the centraland state level. In this context, serious consideration should be given to the possibilities offered by the website as a powerful instrument of communication and transparency.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 4 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
INEC training capacity should be institutionalised and substantially strengthened. A proper Training Unit must be set up within INEC HQ, and a professional trainer must be permanently assigned to each REC office. Ideally, the Training Unit, must have a strong link with voter education programmes and not be confined to election related type of training, but be responsible for the professional development of all permanent election staff. In terms of specific election-related training programs, the experimental introduction of active learning-oriented programmes should be reinforced extensively and applied in a more timely fashion; further elements of practice, especially on counting and packing, should be added, and training kits must be provided. The procedures for the recruitment of the “ad hoc” staff must be revisited and improved, and more effective screening mechanisms must be introduced.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 5 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
A structural reform of the internal INEC decision-making system is recommended. There should be a clear identification of responsibilities among the various Commissioners and their relationship with the various Secretariats’ divisions. Within the Secretariat, the creation of a field co-ordination division with the overall responsibility to communicate and ensure the proper implementation of the INEC decisions in the field is recommended.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 6 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
It is recommended to draft a long-term strategic plan with a clear identification of the strategic objectives, well in advance of the next election cycle. Within the strategic plan, the development and publication of an election timetable should be an essential feature. The definition of the strategic objectives and the election calendar would increase the public’s trust in the process. Such an approach should help the government in allocating the necessary funds, and then lead to the setting up of a proper and detailed operational plan (with in-depth, state to state specifications) for the next election year.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 7 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
Enhancement of logistical and operational capacity, both at the State and LGA level. The first step could be the establishment of a logistic database, maintained centrally, built upon the figures available in the electronic voter register. For the delivery and collection of election material, specific and detailed tracking and accountability mechanisms should be put in place.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 8 (Electoral System) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
One of the peculiar characteristics of the FPTP system is the possibility granted to the electorate to vote directly for the candidate of their choice. It is therefore not acceptable that candidates’ names are not listed on the ballot paper. Every single electoral race should have its own specific ballot paper, without including the names of the parties that are not competing in a given electoral race.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 9 (Election Administration) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
More stringent procedures should be devised for the accreditation of political party agents. A written accreditation form, stamped and signed by the relevant Election Officer should be submitted by the accredited party agent to each Presiding Officer and remain available for challenges and inspection at the polling station. Only a limited number of agents per party should be allowed to be present in a polling station. It would also be advisable to introduce standard and more neutral INEC badges (i.e. with no party logos represented on it).
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Election Administration, paragraph 10 (Complaints and Appeals) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
A practical way to reduce tensions and enhance transparency would be to institute access to a “Complaints Book” to all interested parties in every polling station, in order to keep a record of alleged irregularities.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Media, paragraph 1 (Media) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) should implement sanctions against violations of the law impartially. The NBC should have a more transparent mechanism for dealing with complaints and addressing the problem of media violations during elections. With greater transparency and a public mechanism for dealing with complaints against media and breaches of the Broadcasting Code, the NBC could take a more forthright role in regulating media coverage of elections in a system that would allow checks and balances. The NBC should be independent and have sufficient resources to be able to guarantee that the media cover the elections according to the principles of fairness, balance and impartiality.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Media, paragraph 2 (Media) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
Practical support for the development of more private media and the consolidation of existing private media – by restricting the commercial activities of publicly funded media, and e.g. removing VAT and other taxes on paper for newsprint and creating tax breaks on advertising revenue and sales income for media outlets.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Media, paragraph 3 (Media) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The Independent National Electoral Commission should consider instructing publicly funded media to distribute free airtime to Parties and Candidates competing in an election (within reasonable qualifying criteria), in order to ensure equity of coverage for all.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Media, paragraph 4 (Media) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
A comprehensive system of access should be developed for parties and candidates for both private and public broadcasters that includes party political broadcasts. Where necessary the broadcasters should be compensated for providing access (either from license concessions or regulated and transparent payment systems). This system should be regulated by a consistent and independent procedure that is non-partisan. A clear set of guidelines should be developed for this access together with a legal framework that ensures that party political broadcasts remain within the parameters of the legal framework. Transparency, editorial independence and accountability should be guaranteed.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Media, paragraph 5 (Media) Nigeria 2003
by: EU
The creation of programmes for professional training of Nigerian journalists and media workers is recommended, however there must be institutional changes in order for that training to be effective. The structure of appointing managerial staff at federal and state broadcasters should be reviewed so as to create distance from the government in power and grant the federal and state owned media greater editorial independence. The public service model should be strongly considered as a basic template for guaranteeing the basic principles of public interest and editorial integrity.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations d'ordre general (5.1), paragraph 1 (Legal Framework) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
La MOE UE souligne l’importance de disposer d'un cadre légal qui garantisse aux partis et aux candidats une égalité de chances, un délai de campagne approprié, la liberté d'expression ainsi qu'un égal accès aux médias. En particulier la MOE recommande que la loi organique relative à l'organisation des formations politiques: • prévoie des procédures transparentes et non discriminatoires pour l'enregistrement de tous les partis politiques, • garantisse la liberté d'expression, en particulier celle de la presse, • assure à tous les partis un accès égal aux médias publics • permette à tous les partis de s'assembler librement et de faire campagne électorale sur la base de règles claires et uniformément appliquées;
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations d'ordre general (5.1), paragraph 1 (Legal Framework) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
En particulier la MOE recommande que la la loi organique relative à l'organisation des scrutins présidentiel et législatif 10/8/2012 • prévoie des procédures transparentes et non discriminatoires pour le dépôt des candidatures; • assure à tous les candidats et partis un accès égal aux financements et aux médias publics; • octroie un délai de campagne approprié pour tous les candidats et partis politiques; • donne la possibilité à tous les candidats et partis politiques de faire campagne électorale sur la base de règles claires et uniformément appliquées; • accorde le droit de libre retour au Rwanda et de participation politique - sur base de règles claires et uniformément appliquées - pour tous les citoyens actuellement résidents à l'étranger et qui n'encourent pas de poursuites judiciaires.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations d'ordre general (5.1), paragraph 2 (Legal Framework) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
la MOE UE recommande de réexaminer la loi du 18 décembre 2001 sur la discrimination et le sectarisme, de préciser les interdictions de comportements qu’elle comprend et d’asseoir le principe que ce qui n’est pas interdit est admis.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations d'ordre general (5.1), paragraph 3 (Measures to sustain Emerging Democracy/Human Rights) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
la MOE UE recommande que les règles de l’état de droit soient généralement respectées, spécialement pendant les périodes électorales et en rapport avec les partis politiques. L’interdiction d’un parti ne peut intervenir que sur la base de faits concrets et précis, contrevenant aux lois et ayant un rapport temporal congru avec la décision.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives au processus électoral, 5.2.1. Recommandations relatives à l'organisme en charge de l'organisation des élections, paragraph 1 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
La Commission électorale nationale devrait favoriser une gestion plus transparente (concernant par exemple la confection des listes électorales et la consolidation des résultats) et adopter une attitude plus ouverte et plus franche à l'égard de l'observation.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives au processus électoral, 5.2.1. Recommandations relatives à l'organisme en charge de l'organisation des élections, paragraph 2 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les instructions élaborées par la Commission électorale en application de la loi et relatives aux procédures mériteraient d'être plus claires, plus précises, plus détaillées et plus complètes sur un certain nombre d'aspects du processus (en ce qui concerne les modalités du vote des personnels en service, la consolidation des résultats, la transmission des procès-verbaux, le règlement des conflits, par exemple).
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives au processus électoral, 5.2.1. Recommandations relatives à l'organisme en charge de l'organisation des élections, paragraph 3 (Complaints and Appeals) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les dispositions relatives à l'examen du contentieux électoral par la Commission électorale doivent, elles aussi, être améliorées et développées. Les délais fixés pour l'introduction des plaintes devraient être moins restrictifs. Des précisions devraient être apportées quant à l'instance habilitée à prendre les décisions, quant aux modalités de prise de décision et quant à la manière de communiquer ces décisions aux intéressés.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à la qualité du materiel utilisé 5.2.2, paragraph 1 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les urnes devraient être munies de véritables scellés ; elles devraient être clairement identifiables par un numéro qui correspondrait au code du bureau de vote.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à la qualité du materiel utilisé 5.2.2, paragraph 2 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les listes électorales devraient être présentées sous la forme d'un document relié facile à ouvrir et à manipuler et mentionnant le nombre total des électeurs inscrits pour le bureau de vote concerné. Un classement des enregistrements en fonction du numéro de la carte d'électeur (plutôt que le nom de l'électeur) faciliterait les recherches et accélérerait les opérations d'identification des électeurs.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à la qualité du materiel utilisé 5.2.2, paragraph 3 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les bulletins de vote devraient être conçus de manière telle qu'ils multiplient les moyens offerts aux électeurs pour distinguer les candidats et exprimer leur choix, ceci pouvant contribuer à réduire le nombre relativement élevé de bulletins nuls. Des signes distinctifs tels que des noms, des numéros, des couleurs, des sigles, des photos pourraient être utilisés simultanément.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à la qualité du materiel utilisé 5.2.2, paragraph 4 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
La conception de la feuille de pointage devrait être simplifiée et plus claire. Il serait préférable par exemple d'utiliser des colonnes de dix unités. Ceci permettrait d'éviter l'erreur d'impression constatée (passage de 438 à 459).
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à la qualité du materiel utilisé 5.2.2, paragraph 5 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les procès-verbaux de dépouillement pourraient être imprimés sur papier carbone pour éviter un travail fastidieux de recopiage qui peut donner lieu à des erreurs matérielles.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 1 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Le processus électoral devrait être entièrement conçu et organisé au niveau des bureaux de vote et pas au niveau des centres de vote ou des secteurs. Il en va ainsi de la liste électorale qui devrait être établie par bureau de vote. La carte électorale devrait également mentionner clairement le bureau de vote où l'électeur doit se présenter. De même, les procès-verbaux d'ouverture et de fermeture des bureaux de vote devraient être établis pour chacun des bureaux de vote. La réconciliation entre le nombre d'électeurs ayant voté et le nombre de bulletins trouvés dans l'urne ainsi que les opérations de dépouillement devraient également être organisées au sein du bureau de vote pour des raisons de rapidité et d'efficacité. Enfin, de cette manière, la réconciliation entre le nombre de bulletins de vote reçus, le nombre de bulletins de vote utilisés et le nombre de bulletins de vote restants pourra lui aussi être plus facilement réalisé au sein du bureau de vote.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 2 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Le nombre et la localisation des bureaux de vote doivent être fixés de manière définitive longtemps avant le jour de l'élection. Ceci devrait même constituer l'étape initiale de l'ensemble du processus afin d'en permettre une organisation optimale et d'assurer une information adéquate des électeurs et autres participants au processus.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 3 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Le système de confection des listes électorales doit être rendu plus fiable et plus transparent. Les représentants des partis et de la société civile pourraient être davantage impliqués dans cette opération. Les délais relatifs à la confection des listes électorales devraient être davantage rendus publics et respectés. Il faudrait proscrire la confection de listes additives au dernier moment.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 4 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les cartes électorales devraient être imprimées au niveau central à partir du fichier informatisé en évitant ainsi les retranscriptions manuscrites qui sont sources d'erreurs et d'oublis.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 5 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
La formation du personnel électoral devrait être plus longue, plus approfondie et plus concrète afin d'éviter une application disparate des procédures. Considérant le nombre particulièrement élevé de personnes illettrées, il faudrait également veiller à maintenir la neutralité absolue de la personne qui délivre le bulletin de vote et dont le rôle est susceptible d'influencer le choix de l'électeur. Il faudrait prévoir une formule d'explication type à laquelle l'agent électoral devrait se tenir ou favoriser davantage la pratique effective de l'assistance des électeurs illettrés par une personne de leur choix.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 6 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les modalités pratiques du vote devraient évoluer progressivement vers l'abandon du vote avec empreinte digitale qui peut être perçu par certains électeurs comme portant atteinte au secret du vote. Dans un premier temps, une option pourrait être laissée à l'électeur de voter soit en marquant le bulletin d'une croix à l'aide d'un crayon, soit en y apposant son empreinte.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 7 (Voter Education) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Des efforts beaucoup plus importants devraient être déployés en matière d'éducation au vote, compte tenu du caractère relativement inédit de ces élections pour de nombreux électeurs et compte tenu du taux d'analphabétisme élevé.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 8 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Un dépouillement effectué dans les bureaux de vote pourrait non seulement accélérer considérablement le processus et faciliter la réconciliation ; il contribuerait aussi à éviter le déplacement des urnes et le risque de manipulation que cela comporte.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations relatives à l'administration électorale 5.2.3, paragraph 9 (Election Administration) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
La consolidation des résultats devrait être publique et transparente à tous les niveaux. L'utilisation de tableaux visibles par tous et sur lesquels seraient consignés les résultats consolidés au fur et à mesure de leur arrivée est recommandée. Les résultats devraient être publiés bureau de vote par bureau de vote afin d'en assurer la transparence et de permettre un contrôle effectif de la consolidation par tous les participants au processus.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations pour les médias 5.3, paragraph 1 (Media) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Tous les journalistes, et notamment ceux appartenant à la presse indépendante, devraient bénéficier d'un traitement équitable et d'une égalité d'accès à l'information.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations pour les médias 5.3, paragraph 2 (Media) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les entreprises de presse privée réunies dans des associations devraient se mobiliser pour trouver des financements et faire démarrer des services d’ imprimerie, messagerie et distribution indépendants et autonomes.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations pour les médias 5.3, paragraph 3 (Media) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Il convient d'accélérer les procédures afin de faciliter l’entrée de nouveaux acteurs dans les médias audiovisuels privés afin de développer le pluralisme d'opinion.
Recommendation status: recommended
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Recommendation Recommandations pour les médias 5.3, paragraph 4 (Media) Rwanda 2003
by: EU
Les journalistes devraient non seulement rendre compte des activités du gouvernement mais accorder plus d’espace aux différentes voix du paysage politique, en vue de faciliter le développement des capacités critiques du public.
Recommendation status: recommended
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