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Preventing Election-related Violence
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Factors that may trigger electoral violence
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Internal factors
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Planning of and preparation for the implementation of electoral activities
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Preventing Election-related Violence
full text on one page
Topic Index
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Preventing Election-related Violence
Introduction
Overview
Electoral violence
Definitions
Motives of electoral violence
Violence against women in elections
Consequences of electoral violence
Factors that may trigger electoral violence
Internal factors
The electoral legal and institutional framework
Inadequate electoral law
An unfit electoral system
Inadequate electoral administrative rules
Planning of and preparation for the implementation of electoral activities
Poor performance of the electoral management bodies
Inadequate operational planning
An inadequate system for the resolution of electoral disputes
Inadequate funding, financing and budgeting
Inadequate electoral security arrangements
Training and information
Lack of training for political parties and media
Lack of training of security sector agencies
A poor voter information campaign
Registration
Problematic voter registration
Problematic registration of political parties and candidates
Problematic accreditation of domestic and international observers
Electoral campaigning
Unequal media access and favouritism
Provocative use of media by political parties
Provocative party rallying
Provocative and violent actions by political parties
Voting operations
Insufficiency, destruction and loss of sensitive and non-sensitive materials
Lack of transparency of special and external voting
Problematic election day operations
Problematic vote counting and tallying of the results
Verification of election results
Poor management of election results
Poor management of the final round of electoral appeals
Rejection of the election results
External factors
Poor socio-economic conditions
Social and political exclusion
Conflict relating to changing power dynamics
Gender-based discrimination and violence
The presence of non-state armed actors
The presence of organized crime
Grievances relating to genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes
Human rights violations
Environmental hazards
Unethical media reporting
Prevention and mitigation
Three layered approach for the prevention and mitigation
Legal and institutional electoral framework
Planning and preparation for the implementation of electoral activities
Training and information
Registration of voters, political parties and election observers
Electoral campaigning
Voting operations
Election results announcement
The post-electoral phase
Electoral violence early warning
Observable indicators and sources
Data collection, analysis and presentation
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