Boundary Delimitation

Topic IndexBoundary Delimitation End Notes

1. This discussion draws heavily from an article written by Michael Steed entitled 'The Constituency' which appeared in Representatives of the People? Parliamentarians and Constituencies in Western Democracies, edited by Vernon Bogdanor and published by Gower Publishing in 1985.

Proportional Systems: The Single Transferable Vote

2. The single-transferable vote is also used in Australia to elect members to its upper house, but each state is considered a district for election purposes, and therefore districts are not redrawn.

Electoral District Alternatives

3. According to Taagepera and Shugart, the term 'magnitude' is preferable to 'size,' because size usually refers to the number of voters in an electoral district or the geographic extent of a district. See Rein Taagerpera and Matthew Soberg Shugart, Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989)

4. Michael Steed, 'The Constituency,' in Representative of the People? Parliamentarians and Constituencies in Western Democracies, ed. Vernon Bogdanor (Grower Publishing, 1985)

Role of the Courts in Electoral District Delimitation

5. The discussion of R. v. Boundary Commission for England ex parte Foot is based on Robert Waller, 'The 1983 Boundary Commission: Policies and Effects,' Electoral Studies 2, no. 3 (1983): 195-206.

6. The discussion of the role of the courts in Canadian redistribution draws heavily from a paper by Jennifer Smith entitled 'Drawing Electoral Boundaries in Canada: Current Representation Dilemmas.' This paper was presented at a conference hosted by the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis in Buffalo, New York, October 24-26, 1997.

7. This observation was offered by John Courtney, a Canadian academic with considerable experience with and insight into the redistribution process in Canada.

Population Data

8. This discussion draws heavily from an article written by Carlton Henry entitled 'The Impact of New Technology and New Census Data on Redistricting in the 1990s,' in Redistricting in the 1990s: A Guide for Minority Groups, ed. William O'Hare (Population Reference Bureau, Inc., 1989)

Use of Computers and Software for Delimitation

9. This discussion draws heavily from an article written by Carlton Henry entitled 'The Impact of New Technology and New Census Data on Redistricting in the 1990s.' This article appeared in Redistricting in the 1990s: A Guide for Minority Groups, edited by William O'Hare and published by the Population Reference Bureau, Inc. in 1989.

Federal Redistribution in Australia

10. This case study draws heavily on the work of Michael Maley, Trevor Morling and Robin Bell, 'Alternative ways of redistricting with single-member seats: the case of Australia,' in Fixing the Boundaries: Defining and Redefining Single-Member Electoral Districts, eds. Iain McLean and David Butler (Dartmouth: Aldershot, 1996)

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Boundary Delimitation