Holding the Government and Representatives Accountable
Accountability is one of the bedrocks of representative Government, as it provides a check on individuals, once elected, betraying the promises they made during the campaign. An accountable political system is one where both the government and the elected members of parliament are responsible to their constituents to the highest degree possible. On the broader canvas, voters must be able to influence the shape of the government, either by altering the coalition of parties in power or by throwing out of office a single party, which has failed to deliver. Well-designed electoral systems facilitate both of these objectives. Accountability involves far more than the mere holding of regular national elections; it also depends on the degree of geographical accountability, which is largely dependent on the size and territorial nature of districts, see Boundary Delimitation, as well as the freedom of choice for voters to choose between candidates as opposed to parties, see Alternative Vote, and District Magnitude. In addition, there may be supplementary methods of accountability which can be utilized: in some American States, members of the State legislature can be 'recalled' if enough voters in their district demand it. Other jurisdictions make use of 'direct democracy' mechanisms such as referendums and initiatives.
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