At the present stage of development of democratic systems, only the
different options of the electoral system can be considered as basic
alternatives at the disposal of anyone drawing up an electoral law, i.e.:
- election by constituency
- the determination of the electoral formula
- whether or not an electoral barrier exists
- the specific form of expressing the vote
On the contrary, indirect elections, instruments of semi-direct democracy, limitations to voting so that it is not universal or non-competitive,
and single-party elections are inadmissible as options.
